2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)全套課件：第2部分 語法突破 專題10 主謂一致和特殊句式主謂一致（北師大版）

　　3.At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.? 3.did。句意:他們從來沒有違反比賽規(guī)則。懲罰他們是不公平的。否定詞或否定短語位于句首時(shí),句子要使用部分倒裝,此處at no time放于句首,句子要用部分倒裝,即將助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放于主語之前。根據(jù)題干標(biāo)志詞was可知應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。 4.In the far south (lie) Stewart Island,which is the largest one of New Zealand’s many smaller islands.? 4.lies。句意:斯圖爾特島位于新西蘭的最南邊,是新西蘭眾多小島中最大的一個(gè)。表示方位的介詞短語位于句首,用于介紹某個(gè)事物的方位時(shí),應(yīng)該使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡ZStewart Island是單數(shù)名詞,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。 5.On the blackboard (hang) a clock that tells the time while we are having an examination.? 5.hangs。句意:在黑板上掛著一個(gè)鐘表,當(dāng)我們考試時(shí)它可以告訴我們時(shí)間。地點(diǎn)狀語on the blackboard位于句首時(shí),句子需要用完全倒裝。因?yàn)橹髡Za clock是單數(shù)名詞,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。 6.It was not until she got home Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.? 6.that。句意:直到到家了詹妮弗才意識(shí)到她把鑰匙弄丟了。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。not until句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was not until...that...。 7.David said it was because of his strong interest in literature he chose the course.? 7.that。句意:戴維說正是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)文學(xué)的濃厚興趣他才選擇了這個(gè)課程。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)because of his strong interest in literature,故用that。

　　8.delicious the soup is!I’d like some more.? 8.How。此處應(yīng)用how修飾形容詞delicious,構(gòu)成感嘆句型“How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語”。 9.The exhibition is getting on well as (expect).? 9.expected。句意:正如所預(yù)料的那樣,展覽進(jìn)展得很順利。本句是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略形式,其完整形式為...as it was expected。句子主語和expect之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該填expected。 10.While (walk) along the road,I met an old friend of mine.? 10.walking。句意:在路上散步的時(shí)候,我遇到了一位老朋友。本句是while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的省略形式,其完整形式為While I was walking along the road...,句子主語I和walk之間存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該填walking。 11.We really can’t understand how it isshe is not so optimistic about her life as she used to be.? 11.that。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):疑問詞+is/was+it+that...。當(dāng)它用來作從句時(shí),從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。

　　12.(start) out right away,or you will miss the first train.? 12.Start。句意:立刻出發(fā),否則的話你會(huì)錯(cuò)過第一趟列車的。本句為“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型,其中陳述句多使用一般將來時(shí)。如果前后兩個(gè)句子之間為順承關(guān)系,則用連詞and;如果是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,用連詞or。 13.The basketball coach,as well as his team,(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.? 13.was。句意:因?yàn)楸憩F(xiàn)出色,比賽一結(jié)束,這位籃球教練以及他的球隊(duì)就被采訪了。as well as連接并列的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。as well as前面是the basketball coach,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式;又因?yàn)槭虑榘l(fā)生在過去,故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。

　　14.fun the kids had when they experienced the first snowfall in the South!? 14.What。句意:當(dāng)孩子們?cè)谀戏浇?jīng)歷第一場(chǎng)雪時(shí)是多么高興啊!本句的中心詞是不可數(shù)名詞fun,故其前用what。 15.You were late for his English class this morning, was Mary.? 15.so。句意:你今天早晨上他的英語課遲到了,瑪麗也遲到了。此處表示肯定的含義,且表達(dá)另一個(gè)人也如此,需用“so+be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　二、語法填空(2024·安徽江南十校聯(lián)考) Every winter in Alaska a race is held.But this is no ordinary race.Teams of dogs pull sleds(雪橇) along the snow and ice,1. (carry) up to 500kg of supplies.A single driver is in charge of each team,and stands on the sled.This race 2. (know) as Iditarod runs from the town of Anchorage to the village of Nome,a journey of more than 1,800 kilometers.It usually takes the teams about ten days to complete the course. The Iditarod is usually run in 3.(extreme) difficult weather conditions.Daytime 4.(temperature) range from zero to minus 40 degrees.Visibility(能見度) is often very poor,5. drivers never allow 6.(them) to become separated from their team of dogs.Indeed,the drivers depend almost entirely 7. the dogs for their survival.? The origin of the race 8.(go) back many years to a time 9. some medicine needed to be taken from Anchorage to Nome,a very remote village.Because of severe weather,the only way to send the medicine was to use dogs.Happily,the medicine was delivered just in time to save lives.10. (celebrate) the heroic journey,Alaskans developed the Iditarod.?

　　1.carrying。此處作伴隨狀語,且表示主動(dòng)含義,因此需用現(xiàn)在分詞。 2.known。此處所填詞作定語,表示被動(dòng)意義,因此需填過去分詞。 3.extremely。修飾形容詞difficult,需用副詞形式。 4.temperatures。依據(jù)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞range可知,主語需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5.so。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處表示因果關(guān)系,因此填連詞so。 6.themselves。空格處作賓語,指代drivers本身,需用反身代詞,故填themselves。 7.on。depend on為固定短語,意為“依靠,依賴”。 8.goes。談?wù)撘患驴勺匪莸竭^去某一時(shí)間,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);本句的主語origin為單數(shù)名詞,因此謂語動(dòng)詞需用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,填goes。 9.when。先行詞為time,表時(shí)間,且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語,需填關(guān)系副詞when。 10.To celebrate。此處表目的,故用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 專題十　主謂一致和特殊句式 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 專題十　主謂一致和特殊句式 名師高效課堂 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 專題十　主謂一致和特殊句式 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 專題十　主謂一致和特殊句式 專題十　主謂一致和特殊句式 主謂一致 ?并列主語的主謂一致 1.兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 2.兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念,或表示不可分的整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會(huì)。 3.被every,each,many a,no等修飾的單數(shù)名詞由and連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。其中,后一個(gè)修飾限定詞可省略。 Each boy and (each) girl has got a gift.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都得到了一個(gè)禮物。 Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.許多老師和學(xué)生看過這部電影。

　　4.一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞被幾個(gè)用and連接的并列形容詞所修飾時(shí),可以指一件事或幾件事,這種名詞作主語時(shí),要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 English and American literature are appealing to her.英國(guó)文學(xué)和美國(guó)文學(xué)都對(duì)她有吸引力。 5.由and連接的兩個(gè)what從句作主語時(shí),要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What he says and (what he) does do not agree.他言行不一致。 What he says and (what he) does does not concern me.他的言行與我無關(guān)。 6.由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...等連接的并列主語,通常根據(jù)就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它鄰近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening.今天晚上有一兩個(gè)朋友要來。 Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage.我和他都不贊成她的婚姻。

　　7.由with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,as much as,but,except等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于前面的名詞。 Nobody but three students was in the laboratory.只有三個(gè)學(xué)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。

　　?某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1.集體名詞family,class,team,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)主語所指的意義而定。當(dāng)集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式;如果指其中各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個(gè)班由25名男生和20名女生組成。 The class are in the lab doing experiments.全班學(xué)生正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 2.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞,如trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前有a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 These trousers don’t fit me well.這條褲子我穿著不太合身。 This pair of trousers is mine.這條褲子是我的。

　　?數(shù)詞與量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1.表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、價(jià)格、體積等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),通常作整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.20年在人的一生中是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。 2.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于它們表示的意義。 About one third of the books are worth reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。 A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood.大部分的麥類作物遭到洪水的毀壞。 3.被kind,form,type,sort,species,portion,series of等修飾的主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 This new type of buses is now on show.現(xiàn)在正展出一種新型的公共汽車。

　　4.a number of,a variety of和a group of修飾名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但the number of和the variety of修飾名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。 A number of students are from the south.不少學(xué)生來自南方。 The number of students from the north is small.來自北方的學(xué)生人數(shù)很少。 5.如果主語由“many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。 More than one student has failed the exam.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 6.a quantity of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,亦可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果a quantity of后接不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果a quantity of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 With more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of earth is being washed away each year.隨著越來越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的泥土被沖刷走了。

　　?從句中的主謂一致 1.在用it作形式主語的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。 It was a great relief that everyone got back safely.大家安全返回是很大的安慰。 2.由what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。另外,用其他名詞性從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他說的話發(fā)人深省。

　　典例1　(2024·湖南高考改編)The university estimates that living expenses for international students (be) around $8,450 a year,which (be) a burden for some of them.? 【解析】句意:這所大學(xué)估計(jì)國(guó)際學(xué)生的生活費(fèi)用一年大約是8450美元,這對(duì)一些國(guó)際學(xué)生來說是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,主語為living expenses,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用are;根據(jù)which在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語指代“$8,450 a year”,以及a burden可判斷出后一個(gè)空格需用is。 【答案】 are;is 典例2　(2024·上海高考改編)Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of natural resources.? 【解析】句意:自然資源的缺乏是人類面臨的危機(jī)之一。根據(jù)介詞短語不可以作主語的原則可判斷出,這是一個(gè)倒裝句,主語為the lack of natural resources,中心詞為lack,所以謂語動(dòng)詞用is。 【答案】 is

　　倒裝句 ?完全倒裝的幾種情況 1.表示方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí),如here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall 等,句子用完全倒裝。 In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格蘭一所大學(xué)的講堂里坐著一位教授。 2.句子的狀語、表語置于句首或謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式置于句首時(shí),句中主語和謂語完全倒裝。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗戶邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人,他手里拿著一本雜志。 Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

　　?部分倒裝的幾種情況 1.only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句,且放在句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。 Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用這種方法,我們才能學(xué)好英語。 ◆特別提醒 (1)在only引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句中,如果謂語部分無助動(dòng)詞,則須加助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成倒裝句。 Only after the war did he learn the sad news.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束之后他才得知那個(gè)令人悲傷的消息。 (2)only 修飾狀語從句時(shí),從句不可倒裝。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth.他回來后我們才了解真相。 (3)only 修飾主語時(shí),句子不可倒裝。 Only he can answer the question.只有他可以回答這個(gè)問題。

　　典例　Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours a decision.? A.they reached B.did they reach C.they reach

　　D.do they reach 【解析】句意:這個(gè)問題他們討論了幾個(gè)小時(shí)之后才做出了決定。only修飾的狀語從句置于句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝,且由題意可知,此處表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作,故B項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 B 2.否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及含有否定詞(如no)并表示否定含義的介詞短語at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。 Not a single mistake did he make.他一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤也沒犯。

　　?幾個(gè)與倒裝相關(guān)的句型 1.在表示前面提到的情況同樣適用于另外一個(gè)人或物時(shí),肯定句用“so+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”,否定句用“neither/nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”,表示“……也(不)這樣”。 They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.他們喜歡交很多朋友,那些有殘疾的人也是如此。 2.so...that...句型表示“如此……以至于……”,當(dāng)“so+adj./adv.”位在句首時(shí),主句(即so引導(dǎo)的句子)要倒裝,而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英語說得如此清晰以至于別人能聽得懂。 ◆特別提醒 “such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”或者“such a+adj.+單數(shù)名詞”位在句首時(shí),也應(yīng)該用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。 Such fine weather is it that we decide to go camping.天氣這么好,我們決定去野營(yíng)。

　　典例　So suddenthat the enemy had no time to escape.? A.did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was 【解析】句意:這次襲擊非常突然以至于敵人沒有時(shí)間逃跑。“so+adj.”位于句首時(shí),主句倒裝。根據(jù)語境可知本句用一般過去時(shí),又因sudden是形容詞,在句中作表語,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。 【答案】 C

　　3.neither...nor...“不……也不……”。由于neither 和nor 都是否定詞,所以其前后句均需倒裝。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我不知道,也不關(guān)心。 4.not only...but (also)...“不僅……而且……”。not only位于句首時(shí),其引導(dǎo)的句子需倒裝,but (also)引導(dǎo)的句子用正常語序。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助,而且也要給那些需要幫助的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。 5.not until...“直到……才……”。not until位于句首時(shí),句子要倒裝。 Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回來我們才吃飯。 ◆易錯(cuò)警示 如果 not until 引導(dǎo)的是句子,until 從句的主謂不可倒裝,只是主句需要倒裝。

　　典例1　(2024·遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.? A.he had considered B.had he considered C.he considered

　　D.did he consider 【解析】not until位于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝,consider having a holiday abroad這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在retired之后,所以用一般過去時(shí)。 【答案】 D 典例2　Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.? A.did he begin B.had he begun C.he began

　　D.he had begun 【解析】句意:直到離開家庭之后他才知道,家庭對(duì)他是多么的重要。“not until+狀語(從句)”放在句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝,表示“直到……才……”,begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生,因此主句用一般過去時(shí)。 【答案】 A

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ?常見用法 1.陳述句:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分。 強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用 who/that連接,強(qiáng)調(diào)其他部分常用that。原句使用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),用It is...that/who;原句使用的是過去時(shí),則用It was...that/who。 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語,也可以是從句,但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語,但不能是定語或謂語。 It was him that/who we met at the school gate.我們?cè)诖箝T口見到的就是他。 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句是將is/was提前,用Was/Is it...that/who...。 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你們英語的是王教授嗎?

　　3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句則是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分替換為疑問詞what,who,where,when,how,用What/Who/Where...is/was it that...。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句可對(duì)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語、賓語、表語、狀語進(jìn)行提問。 Who was it that broke the window?打破窗戶的是誰? 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句用來作從句時(shí),這個(gè)句子則應(yīng)該用陳述句的語序。 I don’t know where it is that he has gone.我不知道他究竟去哪里了。 Can you tell me what it was that made him so angry?你能不能告訴我,是什么使他如此氣憤? ◆特別提醒 1.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義。 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that,who,即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)也如此,that,who不可省略。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí),用It was...,其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is...。

　　典例1　(2024·四川高考)Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry?? A.why

　　B.who C.where D.that 【解析】句意:是不是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到史密斯先生才生氣的?本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句,所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分為原因狀語從句because Jack came late for school,故用that。 【答案】 D 典例2　(2024·重慶高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.? A.when B.that

　　C.after D.since 【解析】本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,是對(duì)“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),由此可知,空白處應(yīng)用that連接。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。 【答案】 B

　　?not until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 not until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。 It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.直到10點(diǎn)他才上床休息。 典例1　(2024·重慶高考)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.? A.while B.though C.that D.after 【解析】not until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。本句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語,所以用that。 【答案】 C 典例2　(2024·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.? A.that B.where

　　C.why D.when 【解析】句意:直到在這封信的末尾她才提到自己的計(jì)劃。not until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。本句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語,所以用that。 【答案】 A