2024屆高考英語一輪復習知識梳理練習：必修5 Unit 13 People（北師大版）

　　Unit 13 People

　　(60分鐘79分)

　　Part A

　　一、閱讀理解(共7小題;每小題2分,滿分14分)

　　A

　　Hi,I’m Pelpina Trip,here for About.com to show you the top restaurants Austin has to offer.

　　Authentic cuisine for dinnertime

　　Right now,I’m at Fonda San Miguel.This is a beautiful,colorful restaurant with a very elegant setting—a treat for the eyes as well as the taste buds.The restaurant features classic regional Mexican cuisine,prepared with authentic recipes and ingredients from the restaurant’s own on-site organic garden.They offer specials every evening and a large brunch on Sunday.

　　Lunchtime in Austin

　　If you’re looking for a good place to have lunch,Austin offers a variety of restaurants that can help still your hunger.Annie’s Cafe and Bar is located in the heart of the city.It’s a piece of Europe in Texas:the menu is filled with seasonal farm-to-market food for healthy breakfast and dinners—and even at night,the bar is perfect for cocktails and deserts!

　　Austin also offers plenty of mom&pop sandwich shops.Toasties Subs offers a variety of affordable and delicious sandwiches,salads,tacos and pizzas.Enjoy your meal with a freshly squeezed orange juice,smoothie or local beer—or take it along for a picnic at Zilker Park,right next door.

　　Austin street food offers various&delicious flavors

　　For good,affordable food in Austin,you don’t even have to look further than the streets.Downtown Austin is packed with great food trailers—Llama’s,for example,offers delicious authentic Peruvian dishes—right off 6th Street!They even offer outdoor seating—or just take your meal along a stroll through downtown Austin!

　　Thanks for your watching.For more information,visit us at About.com.

　　1.Which serves authentic Mexican recipes?

　　A.Fonda San Miguel.

　　B.Llama’s.

　　C.Annie’s Cafe and Bar.

　　D.Toasties Subs.

　　2.Which place offers delicious food with a local flavor?

　　A.In the heart of the city.

　　B.At Zilker Park.

　　C.In on-site organic garden.

　　D.Off 6th Street.

　　3.You may probably find the passage when.?

　　A.you are watching a video online

　　B.you are reading a newspaper

　　C.you are touring in Austin

　　D.you are attending a conference

　　【文章大意】本文是一則網上的視頻文稿,介紹了德克薩斯州首府奧斯汀的最佳飲食場所。

　　1.A　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The restaurant features classic regional Mexican cuisine,prepared with authentic recipes...”可知,Fonda San Miguel提供正宗的墨西哥風味的飲食。

　　2.D　細節理解題。由倒數第二段標題“Austin street food offers various&delicious flavors”可知,在奧斯汀的大街上即可品嘗到其地方風味的小吃。

　　3.A　推理判斷題。根據第一段“Hi,I’m Pelpina Trip,here for About.com to show you...”和最后一段“Thanks for your watching.For more information,visit us at About.com.”可推知,這是一則網上的視頻文稿,在網上看視頻時便可看到,故選擇A項。

　　B

　　Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels.This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water used on coastal farms.As a result farmers are increasingly unable to use fields close to the sea.

　　Scientists call this process “salinization”.The term comes from the word “saline”—which means a mixture of salt and water.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says salinization is reducing the world’s irrigated lands by 1 to 2 percent every year.

　　But a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.Marc Van Rijsselberghe started with an experiment.

　　“We put a lot of plants in the fields and then,we put them in fresh water and in sea water and all the varieties between it,and then we see which variety is surviving and which variety is dying.”

　　Mr Van Rijsselberghe worked on the project with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam.He divided a farm into eight irrigated areas.Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water,and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity.“And then the computer says ‘go’ and then it goes to the fields and dripping irrigation starts to work and we are going to kill plants.That’s it.”

　　According to Mr Van Rijsselberghe,he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas.The vegetables were smaller than those grown in fresh water,but they have more sugar and salt,thus tasting better.

　　The farmer grew carrots,cabbage,onions and beetroot.But he found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water.Mr Van Rijsselberghe says four kinds of these potatoes were recently sent to Pakistan,where thousands of hectares of land have been damaged by salinization.Farmers in Pakistan hope to see if they can be grown in those fields.

　　1.What is preventing farmers from making full use of coastal fields?

　　A.Salinization. B.Saline.

　　C.Irrigation. D.Farming.

　　2.Which shows the correct order of the experiment by Marc and the scientists?

　　a.creating water with eight levels of salinity

　　b.starting dripping irrigation

　　c.dividing the farm with plants into 8 irrigated areas

　　d.pumping fresh and sea water through separate pipes

　　A.c—a—d—b B.d—c—a—b

　　C.d—c—b—a D.c—d—a—b

　　3.Dutch potatoes were sent to Pakinstan mainly because.?

　　A.the potatoes can be farmed in Pakistan on a large scale

　　B.Pakistan has complete irrigation systems for this kind of plant

　　C.Pakistan farmers want to test the potatoes in their salinized fields

　　D.Pakistan farmers are more experienced in growing potatoes

　　4.Which can be the best title for the passage?

　　A.Dutch farmers deal with climate change

　　B.Dutch experiment shows farming with salty water possible

　　C.Climate change increases the risk of reducing Dutch coastal farms

　　D.Climate change makes farmers skilled in farming

　　【文章大意】海平面因氣候變化而上升,導致沿海農場使用的淡水中含鹽量增多,結果農民們越發難以在沿海農田里耕作。荷蘭的一位農民為應對這一現象,使用海水和淡水的混合物來進行種植健康美味蔬菜的試驗。

　　1.A　細節理解題。根據前兩段內容,尤其是第一段的最后一句“...farmers are increasingly unable to use fields close to the sea.”和第二段的首句“Scientists call this process ‘salinization’.”可知,導致農民難以在沿海農田里耕作的是“鹽堿化”。

　　2.D　細節理解題。根據第五段可知,試驗的程序是:將種有農作物的農場劃分為8個灌溉區域,用不同的管道來輸送淡水和海水,之后用電腦程序生成8種不同濃度的鹽水,最后進行滴灌。

　　3.C　細節理解題。由最后一段內容可知,荷蘭的土豆最近被送到巴基斯坦,是因為那里有數千公頃土地被鹽堿化,巴基斯坦的農民想用這種土豆進行試驗,看是否能在這些鹽堿地上生長。

　　4.B　標題歸納題。本文是一篇關于荷蘭農民使用海水和淡水的混合物來種植健康美味蔬菜的相關介紹,B項符合題意。

　　二、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

　　Tim Cook,the CEO of Apple,showed off their newest device,the Apple Watch.Mr Cook said it was the most 1.(person) device Apple had created.?

　　The Apple Watch is a very small computer a person wears on his or her wrist.It can do many of the same things 2. an iPhone.The apps are customized(定制) for the watch.It is different from just seeing 3. is on your phone.?

　　Like a phone,you will be able to receive 4.(call) on your wrist.Mr Cook smiled while 5.(describe) this.“I’ve been wanting to do this since I was five years old,”he said.“The day is 6.(final) here.”?

　　The watches arrived in stores 7. late April.They are sold at different prices,beginning at $349.Mr Cook said the high-end model,the one 8.(make) of 18-karat gold,is thousands of dollars.?

　　One problem with Apple Watch is that you need 9. iPhone on your body,or nearby,to get this watch to function fully.Like a phone,it also needs to be charged each night.It remains to be seen whether people really want to carry both a smart phone 10. a smart watch.?

　　(2024·山東濰坊三模)

　　1.personal。此處應用形容詞修飾名詞device。

　　2.as。句意:蘋果手機的很多功能蘋果手表都具有。固定搭配the same...as...“與……同樣的……”。

　　3.what。seeing之后的賓語從句中缺少主語,應填引導詞what。

　　4.calls。call作“電話”講為可數名詞,此處用calls表示泛指。

　　5.describing。在while引導的復合句中,當主從句主語一致且從句含有be動詞時,從句可采用省略主語和be動詞的形式,只保留分詞短語、介詞短語等。

　　6.finally。本句中缺少狀語,故使用副詞finally。

　　7.in。月份詞匯之前的介詞用in。in late April意為“在四月下旬”。

　　8.made。句意:庫克先生說,含有18克拉黃金的高端型的手表售價數千美元。the one與make之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞made作后置定語。

　　9.an。iPhone為可數名詞,其前加an表示泛指。

　　10.and。句意:人們是否真的愿意攜帶一部智能手機和一部智能手表,還有待觀察。both...and...為固定搭配,意為“……和……都……”。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

　　How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day?Eight hours in the 　1　 plus three hours in front of the TV after work is 　2　 as the norm for many people.?

　　You 　3　 don’t need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not 　4　 for your health—from a(n) 　5　 risk of heart disease and obesity in the long term,to reduced cholesterol(膽固醇)maintenance in the short term,not to 　6　 the strain(負擔)on your neck and spine.?

　　To make matters worse,many researches show regular 　7　 and a good diet can’t reduce the 　8　 effects of sitting too much.?

　　A 2010 study of nearly 9,000 Australians 　9　 that for each additional hour of television a person 　10　 per day,the risk of dying 　11　 by 11 percent.Another study 　12　 the health of 123,000 Americans between 1992 and 2006.The death 　13　 for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20 percent 　14　 than for men who sat for three hours or less.The death rate for women who 　15　 for more than six hours a day was about 40 percent higher.?

　　In other words,sitting is 　16　 us.So what can we do about it?Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent 　17　.The researchers believe that even small 　18　,like standing while talking on the phone,going over to 　19　 to a colleague rather than sending an e-mail,or 　20　 taking the stairs instead of the elevator,will help.?

　　(2024·北京華清園月考)

　　1.A.house B.cinema

　　C.office D.hall

　　2.A.turned B.served

　　C.acted D.accepted

　　3.A.necessarily B.probably

　　C.reasonably D.doubtfully

　　4.A.creative B.cautious

　　C.bad D.good

　　5.A.reduced B.deleted

　　C.increased D.approved

　　6.A.mention B.suspect

　　C.expose D.blame

　　7.A.job B.figure

　　C.education D.exercise

　　8.A.limited B.positive

　　C.fixed D.negative

　　9.A.announced B.instructed

　　C.found D.foresaw

　　10.A.ordered B.watched

　　C.forecasted D.completed

　　11.A.rose B.declined

　　C.improved D.faded

　　12.A.constructed B.tracked

　　C.affected D.changed

　　13.A.rate B.control

　　C.fear D.prediction

　　14.A.lower B.higher

　　C.greater D.fairer

　　15.A.sat B.slept

　　C.practiced D.worked

　　16.A.disturbing B.killing

　　C.saving D.refreshing

　　17.A.standing B.relaxing

　　C.complaining D.speaking

　　18.A.challenges B.purposes

　　C.adjustments D.entertainments

　　19.A.listen B.turn

　　C.refer D.talk

　　20.A.directly B.basically

　　C.simply D.plainly

　　【文章大意】本文是說明文,作者闡述了久坐對于健康的危害并提出了具體的建議。

　　1.C　由下文中的“after work”可知,此處指的是坐辦公室8個小時,故選擇C項。

　　2.D　對很多人來說,標準答案就是上班時間再加上下班后在電視機前度過的3小時。accept sth.as...“認可某事為……”,be accepted as the norm意為“被認為是正常現象”。

　　3.B　句意:你可能不用專家來告訴你久坐對于健康的危害。necessarily“必要地,必然地”;probably“也許,很可能”;reasonably“合理地,適度地”;doubtfully“懷疑地,含糊地”。B項符合語境。

　　4.D　從下文示例可看出,久坐對健康無益,應選D項。be good for sth./to sb.“對……有益處”。

　　5.C　從長期來看,久坐會增加心臟病發病率并導致肥胖;短期來說,則會導致膽固醇含量減少。reduced“減少的”;deleted“刪除的”;approved“經核準的,被認可的”。increased表示“增強的;增大的;增加的”,符合語境。

　　6.A　聯系上文列舉的久坐帶來的種種更為隱秘的危害,可推知此處指“更不用說它會壓迫頸椎和脊椎這點了”。not to mention為固定結構,意為“更不用說,更不必提及”。

　　7.D　句意:而更糟糕的是,很多研究表明,健康飲食和規律鍛煉并不能減少久坐帶來的危害。此處應與a good diet并列,故D項切合文意。

　　8.D　第二段開頭提到久坐對健康無益,所以此處應選擇表示貶義色彩的D項。limited“有限的”;positive“積極的,肯定的”;fixed“固定的,穩固的”;negative“負面的,消極的”。

　　9.C　2010年時對將近九千名澳大利亞人參與的一項研究發現,每天多看一小時電視,死亡風險就會增長11%。announce“宣布,通告”;instruct“命令,指示”;find“發現”;foresee“預見,預知”。表示研究的結果應“發現”,C項符合語境。

　　10.B　此處“a person 　10　 per day”為定語從句,先行詞是television,應選擇B項與之搭配。?

　　11.A　文章講的是久坐對健康的危害,所以自然是引起死亡率“上升”。rise“上升,增長”;decline“下降,衰退”;improve“改善,提高”;fade“逐漸消逝,衰落”。A項順承文意。

　　12.B　由下文的時間狀語“between 1992 and 2006”可知,這是一項追蹤(track)式的研究。B項符合句意。

　　13.A　由下文“The death rate for women”可知,此處指男性的死亡率,故選擇A項。

　　14.B　久坐者的死亡率應當更高(higher),B項順承上文。

　　15.A　文章講久坐的危害,此處自然應當表示“坐”(sit)得更久。

　　16.B　上一段以實驗說明了久坐致人死亡概率更高的情況,由空前的“In other words”可知,本句是對上文的概括,B項符合語境。

　　17.A　下文中的“like standing while talking on the phone...”表明這里指的是“應多站(stand)少坐”,故A項正確。

　　18.C　打電話由坐著改換為站立,這是一種姿勢的調整(adjustment),下文中的“instead of”也提示C項符合語境。

　　19.D　句意:不發郵件而是走過去和同事面對面交流。talk to與send an e-mail匹配。

　　20.C　directly“直接地”;basically“主要地,基本上”;simply“僅僅,只是”;plainly“明白地,樸素地,坦率地”。根據上文的“even small　18　”可知,此處表示“只是爬爬樓梯”,C項符合語境。?