2024屆陜西省咸陽(yáng)市高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)選練：閱讀理解（3）
陜西咸陽(yáng)市2024高考英語(yǔ)（二輪）閱讀理解選練（3）
閱讀理解
Remember that divorce is confusing for children. When you first talk with children, limit your discussion to the most important issues; children can become confused if they are given too much information at once.children need to hear that their basic needs will be met, that someone will still fix breakfast in the morning, help them with their homework. Children also need to know that their relationship with both parents will continue, if possible. In the face of so many changes, children also need to hear what will remain the same. Parents can make sure their children through words and actions that their love will continue despite the changes in family life.
During these family discussions, it is important for parents to tell children that the divorce is final and avoid giving children false hopes that the parents will reunite. Parents can also use this time to tell children that the divorce is not their fault. Many children believe that the divorce is a result of something that they did. For instance, when asked why parents divorce, some children may explain that parents are divorcing because the children misbehaved or received bad grades in school. Remember to ask children about their fears and concerns. Give children time to think about the divorce and the changes ahead.
Take your children’s questions and concerns seriously and listen to what they say. As stated by one child, “This is gonna affect the rest of my life and I don’t know if they just don’t realize that, or don’t care, or what, but I don’t feel like I’m being heard.”
Children need to know that parents recognize the impact of divorce on children’s lives. By listening to children’s thoughts and feelings about the divorce, parents show their ongoing care and concern.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Talking with children about divorce.
B. The relationship between children and parents.
C. Don’t blame your child for divorce.
D. Showing more concern for your child.
2. If you first talk about your divorce with your son, .
A. you can tell him the real reason why you couple parted
B. you should say that you couple will remarry
C. you may as well tell him you still love him
D. you can avoid talking about your sorrow
3. Faced with a broken-up family, .
A. parents can provide numberless of reasons
B. parents can keep their relationship continued
C. parents should remove the worry of the child
D. parents must be careful and cautious
4. According to the passage parents’ divorce will .
A. make children filled with guilty
C. result in children’s grades going down
C. leave children lack self-confidence
D. cause children to be ill-tempered
5. If you were such a parent, you should do the following EXCEPT .
A. you should pay more attention to what your child talks about
B. you must care whatever your child is thinking about
C. you can blame the divorce on your partner
D. you’d better keep regular touch with your child
【參考答案】12. ACCAC
閱讀理解
This question comes up naturally in the first few weeks at home if a baby is crying a lot between feedings instead of sleeping peacefully. You pick him up and walk him around and he stops crying, at least for the time being. Lay him down, and he starts all over again.
I don’t think you need to worry much about spoiling in the first month or even the first 6 months. The chances are great that such a young baby is feeling miserable. If he stops crying when picked up, it’s probably because the warm pressure on his abdomen from being held make him forget his pain or tension. The answer to this question really depends on what lessons you think babies are learning in the first months of life. It is unlikely that they are capable of learning to expect their every wish to be attended to 24 hours a day.
What infants are learning during this period is a sense of basic trust in the world. If their needs are met lovingly, they come to feel that the world is a place where good things generally happen and bad experiences are soon corrected.
Psychologists use the term “secure attachment (依賴)” to talk about basic trust. A child who has a secure attachment to a parent or caregiver believes that parent will keep him safe and will provide for his pressing needs. Some parents worry that picking up babies right away will make them overly dependent. I like to tell these parents about a very important study on the effects picking up crying babies. Babies whose parents try to respond immediately to their crying actually cry less, and are more independent as preschoolers, compared to babies who were left to “cry it out”.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Can an Infant Be Spoiled?
B. Why Does an Infant Cry?
C. How Do You Deal with an Infant?
D. Shall an Infant Be Picked up?
2. The reason why an infant cries is that .
A. he/she expects to be picked up
B. he/she doesn’t feel comfortable
C. he/she plays a trick on purpose
D. he/she is in great need of sleep
3. What does the underlined word “abdomen” in the second paragraph mean?
A. face B. arm C. stomach D. head
4. If an infant is picked up when crying, .
A. he/she will think the world is magic
B. he/she will form a habit of dependence
C. he/she will seek more help from others
D. he/she will have a sense of basic trust
5. The psychologists think that .
A. caring an infant too much is bad for his/her health
B. you can never spoil your infant too much
C. an infant being picked up will lead to laziness
D. it is much better to leave a crying baby aside
【參考答案】13. ABCDB
高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)考前精講精練（答案）
淺談高考書面表達(dá)
一、命題特點(diǎn)
2011-2024年的湖南高考書面表達(dá)命題形式分別是圖畫式、提綱式和英語(yǔ)關(guān)鍵詞提示，都屬于開放式作文，要求考生先進(jìn)行描述(2011年是對(duì)圖畫內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，2024-2024年是對(duì)某個(gè)事件進(jìn)行描述)，然后發(fā)表自己的感想或從中獲得的啟示，屬于夾敘夾議的文體。
二、 書面表達(dá)按命題形式分類
1. 關(guān)鍵詞提示類
關(guān)鍵詞提示類作文就是給出幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，如2024年湖南高考題就是給出4個(gè)英文關(guān)鍵詞，然后要求考生根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況，先描述自己或他人的一次經(jīng)歷，然后寫出自己的感受。
技巧: 根據(jù)題目要求可以確定所要寫的文章為夾敘夾議的體裁。另外，由于題目要求考生必須使用所給的4個(gè)英文關(guān)鍵詞，所以考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析所給關(guān)鍵詞的詞性、詞義及各個(gè)詞間可能存在的聯(lián)系，并把這些關(guān)鍵詞放在整個(gè)行文脈絡(luò)的各個(gè)要點(diǎn)上，然后連點(diǎn)成線，從而形成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)，最后在內(nèi)容及語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方面進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)上的潤(rùn)色和改進(jìn)。
2. 提綱類
提綱作文通常會(huì)羅列出幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)，要求考生根據(jù)所列要點(diǎn)來(lái)組織語(yǔ)言，然后按照一定的邏輯順序準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地表達(dá)信息。
技巧：考生應(yīng)根據(jù)所提供的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，并且要分析各點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定連接詞、過(guò)渡句，然后發(fā)揮自己的想象力，采用多樣的詞匯、句式和句型把要點(diǎn)完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)。
3. 圖畫類
該命題方式一般給出一幅或多幅圖畫。這些圖畫通常寓意深刻，或批判某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，或頌揚(yáng)好人好事，或提倡某種行為，或敘述某件事情。圖畫作文首先考查的是學(xué)生的理解能力。它要求考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)快速獲得圖畫所傳達(dá)的信息，從而根據(jù)所掌握的信息進(jìn)行發(fā)揮創(chuàng)作。
技巧：考生應(yīng)注意讀懂圖畫及寫作要求，分析寫作的主題，并確定短文的體裁及段落發(fā)展方式。如果圖畫內(nèi)容以描述為主，即按時(shí)間先后順序或空間方位順序排列。如果圖畫內(nèi)容是以解釋說(shuō)明為主，則需要考生直接寫出圖畫的意義。
該類型的作文給了考生一定的想象余地和發(fā)揮空間。同時(shí)，它也暗含了條件與限制，即考生所有的敘述都不得脫離圖畫，考生可以增加細(xì)節(jié)，但是增加的細(xì)節(jié)只是基于寫作的需要，不能違背圖畫的本意。
三、 寫作策略
一篇優(yōu)秀的文章是由嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的內(nèi)容和精彩的語(yǔ)言三個(gè)部分組成的一個(gè)有機(jī)整體?？忌挥性谌绾螛?gòu)思結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富內(nèi)容、升級(jí)語(yǔ)言三個(gè)方面做到面面俱到，才能輕松自如地面對(duì)各種高考作文題目。
四、 實(shí)例分析
[題目1] (2024年湖南卷)
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
生活中，你自己或他人曾有過(guò)物品不慎丟失而又找回的經(jīng)歷，其間有煩惱、有驚喜、有感慨……請(qǐng)就此寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文。
主要內(nèi)容包括：
1) 丟失的物品；
2) 物品失而復(fù)得的經(jīng)過(guò)；
3) 你的感想。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)；
2. 不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
分析
第一步：審題。
1. 審文體。題目要求先敘述，后發(fā)表自己的感想，屬于以敘為主的夾敘夾議的文章體裁。
2. 審結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要求可以把文章分成兩部分。在第一部分中敘述自己或他人的一次經(jīng)歷，在第二部分中發(fā)表自己的感想。
3. 審人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)寫作要求判斷，可以通篇使用第一人稱，也可以在敘述部分使用第三人稱，在發(fā)表感想部分使用第一人稱。時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際寫作需要可以使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)及將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)等。
4. 審內(nèi)容。此寫作題目屬于提綱類寫作，屬于開放式作文，留給考生很大的自由發(fā)揮空間，特別是后面的發(fā)表感受部分?？忌枰鶕?jù)所給的提綱，即題目所給的主要內(nèi)容包括的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，考慮好自己所要敘述的事件、所要發(fā)表的感受及所要使用的詞匯、句式和句型。
第二步：構(gòu)思。
下面以“三段式作文法”來(lái)就此題目給出詳細(xì)指導(dǎo)。常言道“好的開始是成功的一半”。“三段式作文法”中的第一段將直接影響閱卷老師對(duì)該篇作文的第一印象。具體到此題目，可直接通過(guò)“生活中，你自己或他人曾有物品不慎丟失而又找回的經(jīng)歷”這一常見現(xiàn)象引入文章話題，如“Getting back what you have lost would be an unforgettable experience.” 然后，很自然地過(guò)渡到自己或他人也曾有過(guò)的類似經(jīng)歷，如“Last Monday, I lost my expensive cell phone, on which my name was inscribed.”這樣清晰地表達(dá)出了記敘文“when, who, what”三大基本要素。
在第二段中按時(shí)間順序描述“物品失而復(fù)得”的經(jīng)過(guò)?？梢允褂靡恍?biāo)志性詞句，如“That morning, On arriving at school, When the exam ended”等。
在第三段中發(fā)表自己的感想，總結(jié)全文，升華主題?？捎靡粋€(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)“From this experience”自然過(guò)渡到第三段的感想?！癐 am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.”表達(dá)出自己通過(guò)“失而復(fù)得”的故事，體會(huì)到誠(chéng)信對(duì)構(gòu)建一個(gè)溫暖、和諧的社會(huì)有重要的作用。
范文
Getting back what you have lost would be an unforgettable experience. Last Monday, I lost my expensive cell phone, on wich my name was inscribed. Fortunately, it was returned.
That morning, I rushed out of my house and jumped into a taxi, for I would be late for the final examination. On arriving at school, I headed for my classroom quickly, not noticing that I had left my cell phone on the seat next to the driver’s. When the exam ended, to my great surprise, I found the driver waiting at the school gate. He handed the phone over to me, wearing a smile on his face. So touched was I that tears rolled down my cheeks.
From this experience, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
點(diǎn)評(píng)
這篇范文要點(diǎn)齊全。全文文筆流暢，巧妙地運(yùn)用了連接詞或過(guò)渡詞，運(yùn)用了較為高級(jí)的詞匯和復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。整篇文章層次清楚，段落分明，是一篇優(yōu)秀的范文。
[題目2] (2024年湖南卷)
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.
請(qǐng)以下列詞語(yǔ)為關(guān)鍵詞寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文。
match
winner
loser
result
內(nèi)容：
1. 自己或他人的一次經(jīng)歷；
2. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 必須使用所給4個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞；
2. 詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)；
3. 不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
分析
第一步：審題。審題通常要審以下四個(gè)方面：
1. 審文體。題目要求先敘述，后發(fā)表自己的感受，屬于以敘為主的夾敘夾議的文章體裁。
2. 審結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要求可以把文章分成兩部分。在第一部分中敘述自己或他人的一次經(jīng)歷，在第二部分中發(fā)表自己的感受。
3. 審人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)寫作要求判斷，可以通篇使用第一人稱，也可以在敘述部分使用第三人稱，在發(fā)表感受部分使用第一人稱。時(shí)態(tài)可以使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
4. 審內(nèi)容。此寫作題目屬于關(guān)鍵詞提示類寫作，屬于開放式作文，留給考生很大的自由發(fā)揮空間，特別是后面的發(fā)表感受部分，不同的考生會(huì)給出不同的感受?？忌枰鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞的詞性、詞義及各個(gè)詞間可能存在的聯(lián)系考慮好自己所要敘述的事件、所要發(fā)表的感受及所要使用的詞匯、句式和句型。
第二步：構(gòu)思。構(gòu)思是指思考文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)思的過(guò)程實(shí)際上就是打腹稿，可以簡(jiǎn)要地列出作文的要點(diǎn)。
當(dāng)然，如果時(shí)間允許的話，可以打個(gè)草稿，然后進(jìn)行修改和潤(rùn)色，最后再工整地謄寫在答卷上。
范文
Last Friday afternoon, our school held a football match. In order to win the match, we had made good preparations for it — organizing several meetings to discuss the ways and skills to win the match and keeping on exercising to be expert at defending our goal. When the day finally came, we were so convinced of winning that all of us were excited.
However, it didn’t work out as we had expected. The other team did really better than ours in the matching field. We were not the winner; we were the loser. Knowing the result, we were extremely depressed.
From this experience, I realized working hard doesn’t definitely lead to success, but we were happy that we had done our best.
點(diǎn)評(píng)
這篇范文涵蓋了所有關(guān)鍵詞。全文文筆流暢，巧妙地利用了連接、過(guò)渡詞匯(in order to, when, however, from this experience, but)，運(yùn)用了較為高級(jí)的詞匯(make good preparations for, keep on, be expert at, be convinced of, work out, extremely, depressed, definitely, lead to, do one’s best)和復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句型(動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，so...that…，as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，省掉that的賓語(yǔ)從句，并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)并列的分句等)。
