2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)課件：12.名詞性從句
一、名詞性從句的定義、種類及引導(dǎo)詞
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：
連接詞(5個(gè))：that，if/whether(是否)，as though和 as if
連接代詞(9個(gè))：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
連接副詞(7個(gè))：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
1．主語(yǔ)從句：作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。
That she will do well in her exam is certain.
她將考得好是肯定的。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。
2．賓語(yǔ)從句：作句子賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。
He told us that he felt better.
Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.
3．表語(yǔ)從句：作句子表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句位于系動(dòng)詞后。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞(be/seem/remain/look/appear, etc.)＋表語(yǔ)從句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。
This is where our problem lies.
這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。
常用的還有The reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。
The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
4．同位語(yǔ)從句
作名詞同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等)的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，不能省略。同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么時(shí)候回家。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他從瑪莉那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。
二、考點(diǎn)薈萃
1．考點(diǎn)1 形式主語(yǔ)it 在含有主語(yǔ)從句的句子中的運(yùn)用
用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1)It is ＋名詞＋從句
It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是……
It is an honor that… 非常榮幸……
It is common knowledge that … ……是常識(shí)
It is common sense that… ……是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a pity that… 遺憾的是……
2)It is ＋形容詞＋從句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
3)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句
It seems that… 似乎……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It happened that… 碰巧……
4)It ＋過(guò)去分詞＋從句
It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is believed that…人們相信……
It is known to all that…眾所周知……
It has been decided that…已決定……
It has been proved that…已證實(shí)……
2．考點(diǎn)2 形式賓語(yǔ)it 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子中的運(yùn)用
it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1)動(dòng)詞＋it＋賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、過(guò)去分詞或名詞)＋that從句
I think it important that we should keep calm.
He's made it clear that he won't agree to the plan.
We find it necessary that we practise English daily.
I heard it said that she had gone abroad.
She made it a duty that she takes care of her sick mother.
2)介詞/動(dòng)詞＋it＋that從句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(it 作引導(dǎo)詞)
You may depend on it that they'll support you.
I take it that you don't agree with me.
You can count on it that he is very smart.
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of.
3．考點(diǎn)3 名詞性從句中what與 that的區(qū)別
that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表事實(shí)，that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分；what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表疑問(wèn)或肯定，what在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow.
What we need is more time.
I know that you're better now.
4．考點(diǎn)4 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)
He asked how much I paid for a violin.
5．考點(diǎn)5 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)(could/would除外)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
I know (that) he will study English next year.(從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí))
I know he has studied English since 1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
6．考點(diǎn)6 that 不可省略的情況
1) 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that常被省去，但如果從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)或以后幾個(gè)分句前的that不能省略。
2) 從句作介詞but，except，in等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)that不可省。
3) 在主＋謂＋it (形式賓語(yǔ))＋賓補(bǔ)＋that從句(真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不能省略。
4) that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句。
We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
We must never think we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.
I know nothing about him except that he is from the north.
7．考點(diǎn)7 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用，而定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制的作用。當(dāng)用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that一般不能省略。
I had no idea that you were here.(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作give的直接賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)
8．考點(diǎn)8 只用whether的情況，不用if 的情況
1)在動(dòng)詞不定式之前。
I can't decide whether to stay here.
2)在whether…or not 的固定搭配中。
I want to know whether it's good news or not.
3)在介詞后，只能用whether。
His father is worried about whether he lost his work.
4)同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句位于句首及賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。
They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.(主語(yǔ)從句位于句首)
The point is whether we should lend him the money.(表語(yǔ)從句)
Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.(賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào))
9．考點(diǎn)9 疑問(wèn)詞＋ever和no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞的區(qū)別
1)疑問(wèn)詞＋ever(無(wú)論……)可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名詞性從句，作主語(yǔ))
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，作狀語(yǔ))
＝No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
2)no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞，只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
10．考點(diǎn)10 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣、否定前移
1)在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。
2)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移。think, believe, imagine, suppose等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ剑磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲小?/p>
I don't think this dress fits you well.
我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。
I don't believe he will do so, will he?
我相信他不會(huì)這樣做，是嗎？
11．考點(diǎn)11 名詞性從句中的插入成分
1)用于陳述句的插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等動(dòng)詞的插入語(yǔ)，直接將疑問(wèn)詞放在句子中間，不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
2)用于疑問(wèn)句的插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句，后接含疑問(wèn)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要將疑問(wèn)詞放在句首。
三、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)評(píng)析
在2007－2009三年的廣東高考英語(yǔ)試卷語(yǔ)法填空題中，分別考查了一個(gè)名詞性從句：
2007：When I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to_______should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.
【答案】who 由who 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，who 在句中作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)as to 的賓語(yǔ)從句。
2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
【答案】that 由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明an idea 的具體內(nèi)容。
【答案】it 考查的是remembered的賓語(yǔ)從句，it 在句中作形式主語(yǔ)。
2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
【答案】that 由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明an idea 的具體內(nèi)容。
【答案】it 考查的是remembered的賓語(yǔ)從句，it 在句中作形式主語(yǔ)。
名詞性從句歷年來(lái)都是高考必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)熟練運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句。
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。
1．The companies are working together to create________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
2. She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.
3．The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
4．Could I speak to__________is in charge of International Sales please?
5．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got any idea ________the party is to be held?
what
whatever
that
whoever
where
6．Having checked the doors were closed，and________all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
7．Lei Feng was always thinking of________ he could help others.
8．________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
9．It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.
10．Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?
that
how
What
that
that
11．________ he passed the examination or not was not our concern.
12．Since you have seen both boxers, ________ do you think will win?
13．The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait for her mother.
14．The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.
15．________team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
Whether
who
where
when
Whichever
16．That is just ________ they are mistaken.
17．—What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do__________I think I should.
18．________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
19．Mary wrote an article on________the team had failed to win the game.
20．There are so many kinds of dictionaries in the shop.I can't decide ________ dictionary I should buy.
where
what
What
why
which
二、用名詞性從句完成下面句子。
1．The news_______________________________(那棟房子被燒毀) last night surprised everyone.
2．____________________________(他是否出過(guò)國(guó))doesn't make much difference.
3．____________________(無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)這兒) will be welcome.
4．No one can be sure________________________________ (人類看上去將會(huì)是什么樣) in million years.
5．It is obvious to the students_____________________________________ (他們應(yīng)該為將來(lái)作好充分的準(zhǔn)備)their future.
that the house was burnt down
Whether he has been abroad or not
Whoever comes here
what man will look like
that they should get well prepared for
6．_____________________________________ (我們?nèi)ツ睦镞^(guò)周末) has not been decided yet.
7．That is ______________ (我昨天沒(méi)來(lái)的原因) yesterday.
8．His suggestion is_________________________________ (我們要保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境) while developing economy is highly thought of by government.
9．_____________________ (讓我最吃驚的) was that he wrote some of his best pieces after he became deaf.
10．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is__________________ (我不同意之處)．
Where we are going to spend the weekend
why I didn't come
that we (should) protect local environment
What surprised me most
where I disagree
三、根據(jù)短文意思，在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
I am going to tell you 1.________ happened in my restaurant today.
