2024屆福建省高考英語一輪復習語法課件：12 名詞性從句（新人教版）

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　　核心考點語法專題十二　名詞性從句 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點二?主語從句　 1.主語從句在復合句中充當主語,大多數主語從句都可以用it做形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。it做形式主語后接that引導的主語從句時,that不可以省略。what引導的主語從句不能用it做形式主語代替。 (2024·北京)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我們理解事物的方式與我們的感受有很大關系。

　　(2024·大綱全國)Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 馬鈴薯具體是在什么時候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 (2024·北京)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 使這本書非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。 That she will succeed is certain.→It is certain that she will succeed. 她肯定會成功。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 2.it做形式主語的常見句型 (1)It is+名詞(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+從句。 It is no surprise that we will win the match. (2)It is+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+從句。 It is certain that he will come. (3)It is+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+從句。 It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived. -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點三?賓語從句　 1.動詞和介詞后面都可以跟賓語從句。大多數動詞(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟賓語從句。介詞后只能跟wh-類連接詞引導的賓語從句。 (2024·重慶)We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. 我們必須弄明白卡爾會在什么時候到來,這樣我們就可以為他訂房間了。

　　(2024·福建)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 振作起來。勇氣就是去做你害怕做的事。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 (2024·山東)It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 得知在我們離開期間這些狗將會受到很好的照顧真是太好了。 I don’t think (that) you are right. 我認為你不對。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 2.動詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語補足語時,需用it做形式賓語而將that引導的賓語從句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我認為我們有必要每天喝足夠的開水。 3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等后接賓語從句時,常在從句前面加it。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜歡人們吃著東西說話。 4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容詞后也可接賓語從句。 I’m sure that they can make it. 我確定他們會成功。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點四?表語從句　 1.跟在be或者其他系動詞后的從句為表語從句。that引導表語從句時不能省略。 (2024·北京)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 對足球明星來說最好的時刻就是他進決勝球的時候。 (2024·湖南)As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 正如約翰·列儂曾經說過的,生活就是當你忙于制訂其他的計劃時,所發(fā)生在你身上的事情。 (2024·成都第一次診斷)The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war. 《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 2.主句主語為idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名詞時,表語從句的謂語應該用“should+動詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。 His suggestion is that we(should) change our course. 他建議我們改變航線。 3.主語為名詞reason時,表語從句的連接詞用that,不用why或者because。 The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless. 事故的原因是司機太大意。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 4.because,as if,as though,as等也可引導表語從句。 (2024·安徽)From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 從太空看,地球是藍色的。這是因為地球表面大約71%的地方被水覆蓋著。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點五?同位語從句　同位語從句是用來解釋說明某一名詞的內容或者性質的從句。 1.常見的能接同位語從句的名詞有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。 (2024·河北邯鄲調研)It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago. 幾天前,北京的一位音樂教授自殺了,這是個不幸的消息。 (2024·山東濰坊聯考)People all over the world have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life. 全世界的人民都有一個夢想,即永遠過著和平的生活。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 2.同位語從句一般用that引導,但根據語境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導同位語從句的that不能省略。 (2024·重慶)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities. ——昨天邁克拒絕接受來自耶魯大學的錄取通知書是真的嗎? ——是的,但是我不能理解他為什么這樣做;那可是他最喜歡的大學之一。 3.有時同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而是被別的成分隔開。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流傳說威廉·泰爾確實殺了國王。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 4.doubt后面的從句要根據具體情況選擇引導詞。 doubt用于肯定句時,其后的賓語從句用whether/if引導,同位語從句用whether引導;用于否定句時,賓語從句和同位語從句都用that引導。 (2024·北京海淀期末練習)You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference. 你可以發(fā)牢騷,但我對這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。 There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. 毫無疑問下周我們要考試。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點六?whether與if引導的從句　 whether與if 當“是否”講時,在下列情況下只用whether,不用if: 1.引導主語從句并用在句首時。 (2024·成都第二次診斷)Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 你與同學相處得是否融洽會影響你的情緒。 2.引導表語從句和同位語從句時。 We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully. 我們要認真討論一下我們是否能按時完成任務這個問題。 3.所引導的從句做介詞賓語時。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 這都要看他們是否會借給我們錢。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 4.從句后有“or not”時。 I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 我不知道他是否已經到達了北京。 5.后接動詞不定式時。 I don’t know whether to go to the party. 我不知道是否去參加聚會。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點七?that,what與which　 1.that 引導名詞性從句時,在從句中不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用,也沒有任何含義;that 引導的賓語從句一般不作介詞的賓語(介詞but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主語從句,that不充當從句成分) 他考試沒及格令我很驚訝。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 除了有點粗心以外,他是一個好學生。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 2.what引導名詞性從句時,其意義為“……的人/物/數目等”,在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。what具有雙重作用,既能引導從句,又能在從句中做成分。做主語、賓語和表語時what可以分解成“定語從句的先行詞+關系代詞”,即常說的“先行詞+that”。 (2024·浙江)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(what 指“……說的話”) “每次吃糖,要喝點綠茶,” 這是我母親過去常告訴我的。 (2024·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not what ships are built for.(做for的賓語,意思為“什么樣的用途”) 船停泊在港灣里會很安全,但人們把它造出來可不是為了這個目的。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定語,意思為“什么樣的”) 你將會知道這種藥會帶來什么副作用。 He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“……的地方”) =He lives in the place that we call “spring city”. 他住在一個叫“春城”的地方。 You don’t know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此為感嘆句用于賓語從句中) 你不知道他們是多么好的學生。 -*- 考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七 3.which 引導名詞性從句,其意義為“哪一個”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具體的人、事、物當中進行選擇;引導定語從句時,只能當關系代詞,在從句中做主語或賓語,且只能指物。 Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one? I will buy the book which you choose for you. 告訴我你更喜歡哪本書,紅色的還是藍色的? 我給你買你選中的那本。 4.A is to B what C is to D.A對于B 就像C對于D一樣。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空氣對于我們就像水對于魚一樣。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.用適當的連詞填空 1.(2024·浙江改編)If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 2.(2024·四川改編)The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution. 3.(2024·重慶一中一診改編)To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 4.(2024·安徽江南十校聯考改編) Success usually goes to whoever is well-prepared. 解析解析關閉 1.what　分析句子結構可知,句中的investigate是及物動詞,后跟賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,故填what。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要調查清楚水面下有什么。經常有巖石或樹枝藏在水下。 2.why　分析句子結構可知,tell后面的賓語從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語,所以引導詞不用連接代詞。根據句意“這次展覽告訴我們,為什么我們應該為防止空氣污染做點事。” 可知空格處應該填why,表示我們應該為防止空氣污染做點事的原因。 3.whoever　句意:為了提高我們產品的質量,我們征求了用過的人的建議。根據短語ask sb.for sth.可知suggestions后是賓語從句能代指人,引導賓語從句,且做主語的有who和whoever。但who意為“誰”,側重于指事情,whoever=anyone who側重于指人,故用whoever。 4.whoever　句意:成功往往屬于那些有準備的人。whoever is well-prepared從句構成介詞to的賓語,從句中whoever做主語,相當于anyone who。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 5.(2024·安徽淮北二模改編) All the students of Grade 3 are studying hard in order to gain admission to what they believe is an ideal university. 6.(2024·福州第二次質檢改編) The problem is that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 7.(2024·成都二診改編) You can tell about a person by what he says about others in their absence. 8.(2024·北京東城下學期綜合測試改編)Tom’s worry is that he won’t be chosen for the school football team. 9.(2024·甘肅部分普通高中聯考改編)The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. 解析解析關閉 5.what　句意:高三年級的學生為了被錄取到他們認為的理想大學而正在努力學習。空后的賓語從句中they believe為插入語,賓語從句缺少主語,故應用what引導。 6.that　分析句子結構可知,第一個is是句子的謂語,空后是敘述的problem的內容,表語從句成分齊全,故用that引導;that無任何意義,僅起引導作用。 7.what　句意:你能根據一個人對不在現場的其他人的評價了解關于他的情況。by后跟賓語從句,從句中缺少say的賓語,應用what。 8.that　句意:湯姆的擔憂是他將不會被選上參加學校足球隊。題干中is后是表語從句,表語從句中不缺少成分,所以此處用that引導。 9.that　此處是同位語從句,又因為從句中不缺少成分,故填連詞that。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 10.(2024·云南部分名校1月統(tǒng)考改編)What he meant is that the Internet is full of information but it can be difficult to find what you really need. 11.(2024·重慶巴蜀中學模擬改編)It really matters how he treated the latest failure,for the examination is around the corner. 12.(2024·沈陽二中月考改編)What I was doing was a brave move,of course. 13.(2024·山東煙臺上學期期末改編)Focusing on what you want to bring into your life —not what you want to avoid—will make you more likely to actually pursue it. 14.(2024·福建最后沖刺模擬卷二改編)The 3G phone must be of great use to whoever wants to get the information through the Internet quickly. 解析解析關閉 10.what　what引導的賓語從句,做need的賓語。 11.how　句意:由于考試臨近了,他如何對待最近的失敗關系很大。it為形式主語,主語從句中缺少方式狀語,故用how。 12.What　分析句子結構可知,第二個was是句子的謂語,其前是一個主語從句,從句中缺少賓語,故填What。 13.what　介詞on后是一個賓語從句,從句中動詞bring缺少賓語,故填what。 14.whoever　句意:3G手機對于想快速從網上得到信息的任何人都很有用。空后的從句中缺少主語,應用whoever=anyone who,它既引導賓語從句也在從句中做主語。who“誰”,語義不合適。whoever“無論誰”。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 15.(2024·廣東惠州二模改編)Doctors hold the belief that　 such a robotic operation will make safer and better operations in the future and will improve doctor training as well.? 16.(2024·北京改編)Some people believe what/whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 17.(2024·陜西改編)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 18.(2024·山東改編)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 19.(2024·四川改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s where I was born.” 20.(2024·天津改編)I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 解析解析關閉 15.that　空后內容用以說明空前belief的內容,應填that引導同位語從句。故填that。 16.what/whatever　句意:一些人認為,不管是以前發(fā)生的還是現在發(fā)生的事情都會在將來重現。此處“　has happened before or is happening now”是主語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故填what/whatever。? 17.When　句意:延誤的飛機何時起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據句意可知應填連接副詞when。 18.what　句意:對我們來說很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。what...be like為固定形式,表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導的賓語從句做imagine的賓語,同時what在賓語從句中做介詞like的賓語。 19.where　句意:奶奶指著那個醫(yī)院說:“那就是我出生的地方。” where在此處引導表語從句,并在從句中做地點狀語。 20.what　句意:我認為他的畫給我印象最深的是他對色彩的運用。what引導主語從句,且在從句中做主語,表示“……的”。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.根據短文內容,用恰當的詞填空 Twenty years ago few people realized 1.that computers were about to become part of our daily lives.This short period of time has seen enormous changes,in business,education and public administration.Jobs,2.which used to take weeks to complete,are now carried out in minutes.Clerks 3.who spent all day copying and checking calculations are now freed from these boring tasks. 解析解析關閉 1.that　此處為賓語從句,從句中不缺少成分,故用that引導,在句中只起連接作用。 2.which　此處為非限制性定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,先行詞為jobs,指物,故用which。 3.who　先行詞為clerks“職員”,關系詞在定語從句中做主語,且指人,故用who。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ School children have become as familiar with hardware and software 4.as their parents were with pencils and exercise books.Computerisation(電腦化) of public records has enabled government departments to analyse the needs of citizens in detail.Some of us may wonder,however,5.whether life has really improved as a result of these changes.Many jobs disappeared,for example,6.when intelligent machines took over the work.Employers complain 7.that clerical staff have become so dependent on calculators 8.that they can’t do simple arithmetic.There are fears 9.that governments have not done enough to make sure that personal information held on computers is really kept secret. 解析解析關閉 4.as　根據前面的as familiar...可知,此處為as...as...“和……一樣……”,故填as。 5.whether　whether引導賓語從句。句意:一些人或許會納悶生活是否真的由于這些變化而改善了。 6.when　句意:例如許多工作在被智能機器接管了以后便消失了。when引導時間狀語從句。 7.that　此處為及物動詞complain“抱怨”后的賓語從句,且從句成分完整,引導詞在從句中只起連接作用,故應填that。 8.that　根據前面的so dependent...可知,此處為so...that...“如此……以至于……”句式,引導結果狀語從句。 9.that　此處為fears的同位語從句,說明“擔心”的具體內容,從句成分完整,引導詞在從句中只起連接作用,故應填that。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ There is no doubt 10.that many people are worrying about the problems that the spread of computers has brought us. 解析解析關閉 10.that　There is no doubt that...“毫無疑問……”,that引導同位語從句。核心考點