2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必備單詞素材：Unit 22 Environmental Protection（北師大版）

　　Unit 22　Environmental Protection

　　[寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.trap vt. 使困住

　　2.principle n.

　　原則，道德準(zhǔn)則

　　3.beyond prep.

　　超出

　　4.relevant adj.

　　有關(guān)的

　　5.coincidence n.

　　巧合

　　6.condemn vt.

　　迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判

　　7.sacrifice vt.& vi.

　　犧牲；獻(xiàn)出

　　8.advocate vt.

　　主張，提倡

　　9.recycle vt.

　　回收利用

　　10.substitute n.

　　代替品，代用品

　　11.seize vt.

　　依法沒收；(用武力)奪取

　　12.means n.

　　方式，方法；手段

　　13.potential n.

　　可能性，潛在性

　　14.adopt vt.采用；收養(yǎng)→adoption n．收養(yǎng)；采用

　　15.reservation n．預(yù)訂；保留；保護；疑惑→reserve n．保護區(qū) vt.保留；預(yù)訂→reserved adj.預(yù)訂的，保留的

　　16.agriculture n．農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的

　　17.threaten vt.威脅→threat n．威脅

　　18.changeable adj.多變的→change n．& v．變化

　　19.separation n．分離，分開→separate v．分離，分開 adj.分開的

　　20.construct vt.建造→construction n．建造

　　21.finance n．資金→financial adj.財政的；金融的

　　22.allocate vt.分配，配給→allocation n．分配，配給

　　23.politics n．政治(活動)→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家

　　24.sharpen vt.削尖→sharp adj.鋒利的→sharpener n．卷筆刀

　　25.considerate adj.想得周到的，體貼的→consideration n．考慮；思考→consider vt.思考，考慮；認(rèn)為→considering prep.考慮到；鑒于

　　26.calculate vt.計算，算出→calculation n．計算→calculator n．計算器 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Don't try to threaten (threat) me. I won't compromise with you.

　　2.The number of people employed in agriculture (agricultural) has fallen in the last decade.

　　3.Some members of the committee expressed reservations (reserve) about the proposal.

　　4.Henry was forced to leave his motherland for political (politics) reasons.

　　5.The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages.

　　6. The world is changeable,_and everything is changing.(change)

　　7.Considering his young age, it is quite considerate of him to consider other people before making decisions.(consider)

　　8.After a long separation,_they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)

　　9.A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)

　　10.It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener.(sharp)

　　11.If necessary, students are allowed to calculate the volume (容積) of the container using a calculator,_which will make the calculation simpler.(calculate)

　　12.A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. The allocation is of great importance to our school library's construction.(allocate) 1. 各大“產(chǎn)業(yè)”名詞個個清

　　①agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)

　　②industry

　　工業(yè)

　　③business

　　商業(yè)

　　④forestry

　　林業(yè)

　　⑤fishing

　　漁業(yè)

　　⑥planting industry

　　種植業(yè)

　　2. -ant結(jié)尾形容詞一覽

　　①relevant

　　有關(guān)的

　　②fragrant

　　芳香的

　　③important

　　重要的

　　④vacant

　　空虛的

　　⑤instant

　　立即的

　　⑥constant

　　頻繁的

　　⑦pleasant

　　令人愉快的

　　⑧tolerant

　　寬容的

　　3. “環(huán)境”相關(guān)詞全掃描

　　①species n.

　　物種

　　②reserve n.

　　保護區(qū)

　　③atmosphere n.

　　大氣層

　　④conservation n.

　　保護

　　⑤resource n.

　　資源

　　⑥r(nóng)ecycle v.

　　回收利用

　　⑦h(yuǎn)abitat n.

　　棲息地

　　⑧ecology n.

　　生態(tài)

　　4. 聚焦sub-開頭單詞

　　①substitute n.

　　代替品

　　②subconscious adj.

　　下意識的

　　③subheading n.

　　小標(biāo)題

　　④subjective adj.

　　主觀的

　　⑤submit v.

　　提交；呈遞

　　⑥subscribe v.

　　定期訂購

　　5. “相似詞”小結(jié)

　　①dessert n．甜點→desert v．舍棄

　　②tissue n．組織→issue n．問題，發(fā)行

　　③affect vt.影響→effect n．影響

　　④principle n．原則→principal n．校長

　　⑤borrow v．借→sorrow n．悲痛

　　⑥wander v．漫步→wonder v．想知道

　　⑦fellow n．家伙→follow v．跟隨

　　⑧pillow n．枕頭→willow n．垂柳

　　[寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.a_number_of　 　一些

　　2.beyond_one's_control

　　超出……的控制，不

　　受……的控制

　　3.in_turn

　　依次；反過來

　　4.lead_to

　　引起，導(dǎo)致

　　5.ahead_of

　　在……前面

　　6.apart_from

　　除……以外

　　7.answer_for

　　(對已產(chǎn)生的不良后

　　果)負(fù)責(zé)任

　　8.call_for_an_end_to_sth.

　　要求結(jié)束……

　　9.on_somebody's_behalf

　　代表……

　　10.carry_off

　　掠去，奪走

　　11.all_in_all

　　總的來說

　　12.earn_one's_living

　　謀生

　　13.as_a_matter_of_fact

　　實際上

　　14.break_away_from

　　擺脫；脫離(團體、組

　　織、某種思想體系)

　　15.look__ahead

　　展望未來，向前看

　　16.take_action

　　采取行動 選用左欄短語填空1.A_number_of students were absent from the meeting for various reasons.

　　2.Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.

　　3.I thought we'd be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of time.

　　4.The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn_his_living after graduation.

　　5.Your attitude affects others which in_turn affects you.

　　6.If you go on doing this, we won't answer_for the consequences.

　　7.I was encouraged to break_away_from old forms and rules.

　　8.Look_ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village. 1. 說說“引起，導(dǎo)致”短語

　　①bring about

　　②lead

　　to

　　③result in/from

　　④contribute to

　　2. “負(fù)責(zé)”短語全接觸

　　①answer for

　　②be responsible for

　　③be responsible to

　　④in (the) charge of

　　3. “許多，大量”詞匯小聚

　　①修飾不可數(shù)名詞：

　　much, a great deal of, a good amount of, large amounts of

　　②修飾可數(shù)名詞：

　　a number of, a few, many a

　　③既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：

　　lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of

　　[背原句] [記句式] [會仿用]

　　1.Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.

　　如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會被反射回太空中去，使地球處于寒冷之中，不適合生命的存在。 含蓄條件句的虛擬。 沒有你的幫助，我是不可能通過考試的。Without your help, I wouldn't_have_passed the test.

　　2.Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.

　　鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。 given用作介詞或連詞，表示“鑒于；考慮到；倘若”。 考慮到目前的條件，我認(rèn)為葉詩文已做得相當(dāng)出色。Given_the_present_conditions,_I think Ye Shiwen has done rather well.

　　3.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.

　　近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模地出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測更壞的局面即將來臨。 擬人修辭手法。 過去30年見證了中國的快速發(fā)展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.

　　1．trap vt.使困住；誘捕；誘騙；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；捕捉器

　　[教材原句]　Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.

　　因為溫室效應(yīng)，困在大氣層中的氣體使得地球氣溫上升。

　　(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth.　使某人陷入(做)某事

　　的圈套；使中計

　　be/get trapped in

　　被困在……中

　　(2)fall into the trap of doing sth.

　　落入做某事的圈套

　　set/lay a trap for ...

　　為……設(shè)圈套

　　①Don't fall_into_the_trap_of investing all your money in one place.

　　不要把你所有的錢都投資到一個地方。

　　②Were you just going to trap_her_into making some admissions?

　　你剛才想誘使她供認(rèn)嗎？

　　[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“被困于……中”的短語還有：

　　①be/get locked in　be/get caught in

　　③be/get stuck in

　　④be/get blocked in

　　2．reserve vt.儲備；保存；保留；預(yù)訂，預(yù)約n.保護區(qū)；儲備

　　[高考佳句]　I can not get the book I want but can I reserve it? (2024·重慶高考滿分作文)

　　我找不到我要的書，但我能預(yù)約嗎？

　　(1)a nature reserve自然保護區(qū)

　　in reserve

　　貯存；備用

　　(2)reserve sth.for sb./sth.

　　為某人/某物保留、預(yù)訂某物

　　(3)reservation n.

　　保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)

　　make a reservation

　　預(yù)訂(座位、房間等)

　　It is advisable to keep some food in_reserve in case of emergency.

　　儲備一些食物以應(yīng)急需是明智的。

　　I would be very thankful if you could reserve_a_ticket_for_me for the train bound for Wuhan tomorrow morning.

　　若你能為我預(yù)訂一張明天早上開往武漢的火車票，將不勝感激。

　　Margaret made a reservation (reserve) at/in

　　her favorite hotel in Singapore.

　　瑪格麗特預(yù)訂了她在新加坡最喜歡的飯店。

　　3．a(chǎn)dvocate vt.主張，提倡n.提倡者，擁護者

　　[經(jīng)典例句]　The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.(牛津P31)

　　報告主張所有的建筑物都應(yīng)安裝煙火探測器。

　　(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/擁護/支持(做)某事

　　advocate that ...

　　主張……[從句謂語動詞用

　　(should＋)動詞原形]

　　(2)be an advocate of/for

　　……的提倡者/擁護者

　　①We advocated that everyone in our school (should)_donate_some_money_to the earthquake-stricken area.

　　我們提倡在學(xué)校里的每個人都為地震災(zāi)區(qū)捐些錢。

　　②Many experts advocate rewarding_ (reward) your child for good behaviour.

　　很多專家主張對小孩的良好表現(xiàn)加以獎勵。

　　③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling, to make it easier to learn.

　　她一貫主張對英語的拼寫進行改革，使之更易于學(xué)習(xí)。

　　4．substitute vt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品

　　[經(jīng)典例句]　The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.(牛津P2024)

　　這門課教的是理論，但沒有任何東西能代替實踐經(jīng)驗。

　　(1)a substitute for ...……的替代者

　　(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A

　　用A代替/取代B

　　substitute for

　　代替，取代

　　①She is seeking a_substitute_for the very man whose departure made her cry.

　　那個男人的離去令她傷心痛哭，她正想找一個人填補內(nèi)心的空缺。

　　②We substitute the red balls for the blue ones, to see if the baby would notice.

　　我們用紅色球代替藍(lán)色球，看是否能夠引起寶寶的注意。

　　③At least three years of relevant experience may substitute_for the formal qualifications listed above.

　　至少三年以上的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗可以代替上方所示正規(guī)資格。

　　[寫作聯(lián)想]　例句②其他表達(dá)方式

　　①We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones, to see if the baby would notice.

　　②We replace the blue balls with/by the red ones, to see if the baby would notice.

　　③We exchange the red balls for the blue ones, to see if the baby would notice.

　　5．threaten vt.威脅，恐嚇

　　[教材原句]　They threatened to close our credit lines if we don't reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.

　　如果我們不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他們威脅說將取消我們的信用額度。

　　(1)threaten sb.with ...　用……威脅某人

　　threaten to do sth.

　　威脅要做某事

　　threaten that ...

　　威脅……

　　(2)threat n.

　　威脅，恐嚇

　　a threat to sb./sth.

　　對某人或某事的威脅

　　He tied her up and threatened_her_with a six-inch knife.

　　他把她捆起來，拿著一把六英寸長的刀子威脅她。

　　China is a peace-loving country, and we have never been a_threat_to the world.

　　中國是一個愛好和平的國家，我們從來不會成為世界的威脅。

　　Those kidnappers threatened to_kill (kill) their son if they couldn't get enough money.

　　綁架者威脅說，如果得不到足夠的錢就會殺掉他們的兒子。

　　6．means n．方式，方法；手段

　　[高考佳句]　In addition, we have more choices by means of wild release.(2024·重慶高考寫作)

　　此外，通過自由分享的方式我們有更多選擇。

　　means of (doing) sth.　(做)某事的方法、途徑