2024屆高考英語一輪語法復習課件：9 主謂一致（牛津譯林版）
九、主謂一致
主謂一致，即謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須和主語一致。下面就中學英語所涉及的內容作些介紹。 情況 例句 常 用 單 數
當主語是不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等時謂語動詞用單數
The work is important.
To serve the country is our duty.
代詞each以及由every、some、no、any等構成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each、every時謂語動詞用單數
Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.
Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.
情況 例句 常 用 單 數
表示金錢、時間、價格或度量衡的復數名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數
Ten years is a moment in history.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.
以-ics結尾表學科的復形名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數
Mathematics is my favorite.
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
在這樣一些短語，如“many a，more than one”所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。
Many a person has read the novel.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
“the＋形容詞/分詞”作主語指“一類”人或事物時，謂語動詞常用復數，但若指 “某一個”人或“抽象的”事物時，謂語動詞用單數
The poor need help from society.
The agreeable is not always the useful.
當主語是由and并列的兩個或兩個以上的部分組成時，謂語動詞一般都用復數，但如果由and并列的兩部分表示的是一個單一的概念，或指同一人或同一物時(and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞)，謂語動詞用單數
Reading and writing are very important.
The iron and steel industry is very important.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
在“復數名詞＋定語從句”中，從句的謂語動詞一般用復數，但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等詞修飾時，定語從句的引導詞指代one，作從句主語時，從句謂語動詞用單數
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
主語是“a number of(許多)/a variety of(各式各樣) ＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；但 “the number/variety of ＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
The number of students in this college has doubled.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
the Olympics作主語，謂語動詞用單數；the Olympic Games作主語，謂語動詞用復數 The 2024 Olympic Games were considered a big success. The 2024 Olympics was considered a big success.
a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses作主語時，謂語用單數；如果shoes，trousers，glasses作主語時，謂語用復數
A pair of shoes was just what he wanted.
Shoes were just what he wanted.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
“a＋單數名詞＋or two”作主語，謂語用單數形式；“one or two＋復數名詞”作主語，謂語用復數形式
An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.
一兩個蘋果放在桌子上。
集體名詞audience，class，family，team，group等作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數，若指具體成員，則用復數。
The class is big.這個班很大。
The class are discussing the plan.這個班的學生正在討論這個計劃。(指該班學生)
情況 例句 鄰 近 優 先
當主語由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”連接時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致
Either you or she is to go.
當主語是由“not A but B” 結構組成時，謂語動詞的數取決于B的數
Not you but your brother is to blame.
如果句子是由here、there引導，而主語又不止一個，則謂語動詞的數通常和最鄰近的主語一致
There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class. Here are two books for you. 情況 例句 向前看主語 當主語后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、rather than、 as well as等詞引導的短語時，謂語動詞的數與這些詞前面的主語的數保持一致
A woman with children has come. He rather than you is responsible. All but Jane know the secret. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 情況 例句 of結構前后觀 當主語被half of、part of、most of、two thirds of、the rest of、some of、all of、none of等修飾時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞、代詞保持一致
Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. amount of和quantity of用來修飾名詞時，謂語動詞要與amount和quantity的數保持一致
Large amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed. 情況 例句 of結構前后觀 由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名詞＋of this kind和與kind意義相近的sort，type構成的類似短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞的數保持一致
A new type of machine is on show now.
一種新型的機器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now. 這種類型的機器正在展出。 1．is; are。family在表“家庭”整體時，謂語動詞用單數，但若表示“家庭成員”，謂語動詞用復數。 2．are。the Olympic Games作主語，謂語動詞用復數。 3．is。分數作主語，謂語動詞與分數后的名詞一致，earth's surface是可數名詞單數，所以謂語用單數。表述客觀規律、存在時，用一般現在時。 4．are。one or two后加可數名詞復數，謂語 動詞用復數。 5．hang。這是一個倒裝句。句子主語為four lights，所以謂語動詞用復數形式。而且hang是不及物動詞，不用被動。 6．are。the police在此處強調具體成員；且由后面的形容詞性物主代詞their可知，謂語動詞用復數。 7．is。the rest作主語時，謂語動詞的數與其修飾的名詞保持一致。 8．has
9.is
10.have
11.has
12.is
13.is
14.is
15.are
九、主謂一致
主謂一致，即謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須和主語一致。下面就中學英語所涉及的內容作些介紹。 情況 例句 常 用 單 數
當主語是不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等時謂語動詞用單數
The work is important.
To serve the country is our duty.
代詞each以及由every、some、no、any等構成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each、every時謂語動詞用單數
Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.
Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.
情況 例句 常 用 單 數
表示金錢、時間、價格或度量衡的復數名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數
Ten years is a moment in history.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.
以-ics結尾表學科的復形名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數
Mathematics is my favorite.
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
在這樣一些短語，如“many a，more than one”所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。
Many a person has read the novel.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
“the＋形容詞/分詞”作主語指“一類”人或事物時，謂語動詞常用復數，但若指 “某一個”人或“抽象的”事物時，謂語動詞用單數
The poor need help from society.
The agreeable is not always the useful.
當主語是由and并列的兩個或兩個以上的部分組成時，謂語動詞一般都用復數，但如果由and并列的兩部分表示的是一個單一的概念，或指同一人或同一物時(and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞)，謂語動詞用單數
Reading and writing are very important.
The iron and steel industry is very important.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
在“復數名詞＋定語從句”中，從句的謂語動詞一般用復數，但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等詞修飾時，定語從句的引導詞指代one，作從句主語時，從句謂語動詞用單數
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
主語是“a number of(許多)/a variety of(各式各樣) ＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；但 “the number/variety of ＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
The number of students in this college has doubled.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
the Olympics作主語，謂語動詞用單數；the Olympic Games作主語，謂語動詞用復數 The 2024 Olympic Games were considered a big success. The 2024 Olympics was considered a big success.
a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses作主語時，謂語用單數；如果shoes，trousers，glasses作主語時，謂語用復數
A pair of shoes was just what he wanted.
Shoes were just what he wanted.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復
“a＋單數名詞＋or two”作主語，謂語用單數形式；“one or two＋復數名詞”作主語，謂語用復數形式
An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.
一兩個蘋果放在桌子上。
集體名詞audience，class，family，team，group等作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數，若指具體成員，則用復數。
The class is big.這個班很大。
The class are discussing the plan.這個班的學生正在討論這個計劃。(指該班學生)
情況 例句 鄰 近 優 先
當主語由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”連接時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致
Either you or she is to go.
當主語是由“not A but B” 結構組成時，謂語動詞的數取決于B的數
Not you but your brother is to blame.
如果句子是由here、there引導，而主語又不止一個，則謂語動詞的數通常和最鄰近的主語一致
There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class. Here are two books for you. 情況 例句 向前看主語 當主語后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、rather than、 as well as等詞引導的短語時，謂語動詞的數與這些詞前面的主語的數保持一致
A woman with children has come. He rather than you is responsible. All but Jane know the secret. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 情況 例句 of結構前后觀 當主語被half of、part of、most of、two thirds of、the rest of、some of、all of、none of等修飾時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞、代詞保持一致
Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. amount of和quantity of用來修飾名詞時，謂語動詞要與amount和quantity的數保持一致
Large amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed. 情況 例句 of結構前后觀 由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名詞＋of this kind和與kind意義相近的sort，type構成的類似短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞的數保持一致
A new type of machine is on show now.
一種新型的機器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now. 這種類型的機器正在展出。 1．is; are。family在表“家庭”整體時，謂語動詞用單數，但若表示“家庭成員”，謂語動詞用復數。 2．are。the Olympic Games作主語，謂語動詞用復數。 3．is。分數作主語，謂語動詞與分數后的名詞一致，earth's surface是可數名詞單數，所以謂語用單數。表述客觀規律、存在時，用一般現在時。 4．are。one or two后加可數名詞復數，謂語 動詞用復數。 5．hang。這是一個倒裝句。句子主語為four lights，所以謂語動詞用復數形式。而且hang是不及物動詞，不用被動。 6．are。the police在此處強調具體成員；且由后面的形容詞性物主代詞their可知，謂語動詞用復數。 7．is。the rest作主語時，謂語動詞的數與其修飾的名詞保持一致。 8．has
9.is
10.have
11.has
12.is
13.is
14.is
15.are
