2024屆高考英語一輪復習演練：1.3《My First Ride on a Train》（外研版含解析）
Ⅰ.完形填空(建議用時15′)
[2024·唐山摸底]Dr K was one of my favorite professors in college. He was unique because he admitted telling lies in his __1__. I remembered the __2__ to his teaching at the beginning of his first class: “Now let me __3__ how I teach. Between today until the class right before finals, I'll put a __4__ into each of my lectures. Your job is to try and __5__ me in the Lie of the Day.”
And thus __6__ our ten－week course. Early in the course, the Lie of the Day was usually obvious — __7__ causing a forest of raised __8__ to challenge the lie. Dr K would smile, saying, “Very good! In fact, the opposite is __9__.”
As the course progressed, __10__， the Lie of the Day became less __11__. Every once in a while, a lecture would __12__ with nobody catching the lie. On such days, we would all sit in __13__， while Dr K, looked quite __14__ with himself and announced: “Ah ha! Each of you has one lie in your __15__. Discuss what it might be, and I will tell you next Monday.” Those lectures forced us to __16__ what we had set down in our notebooks the following week.
It's years since I __17__. While my knowledge taught by Dr K has faded over time, the lessons will always stay __18__ with me. “Experts” can be __19__ and say things that sound right—so build a habit of __20__ new information and check it against things you already accept as a fact.
本文講述的是作者終生難忘的一位教授，他的授課方式讓他受益無窮，使作者養成用挑戰的思維接受事實的習慣。
1．A.memories
B．lectures
C．stories
D．textbooks
答案：B 根據上文中“Dr K was one of my favorite professors in college.”可知，此處應指授課方法獨特。
2．A.introduction
B．way
C．access
D．devotion
答案：A 在第一次授課時，一般要介紹一下如何授課，以及下文可知。
3．A.remember
B．declare
C．explain
D．conduct
答案：C 教授在“解釋”自己是如何授課的。
4．A.puzzle
B．joke
C．surprise
D．lie
答案：D 根據文章第二句話，以及下文講述的內容提到的“the Lie of the Day”可知選D。
5．A.catch
B．help
C．support
D．punish
答案：A 根據教授的解釋，在授課中出現“lie”，學生的任務是找到這些“lie”。
6．A.passed
B．continued
C．began
D．arose
答案：C 介紹完故事背景，接下來便開始講述課程進行的情況，故應為“開始”了這樣一個為期十周的課程。
7．A.gradually
B．suddenly
C．actually
D．immediately
答案：D 根據上文中的“the Lie of the Day was usually obvious”以及“a forest of raised __8__”可知。
8．A.eyes
B．hands
C．heads
D．books
答案：B 結合上題解析可知答案。
9．A.true
B．interesting
C．easy
D．serious
答案：A 既然是學生指出來的“lie”，故“the opposite”應該是“正確的”。
10．A.besides
B．therefore
C．once
D．however
答案：D 根據__11__空前的the Lie of the Day became less可知，此空與上文內容為轉折意義。
11．A.attractive
B．noticeable
C．difficult
D．special
答案：B “less noticeable”表示“不那么明顯”。
12．A.prove
B．meet
C．end
D．connect
答案：C 上文中講到“lie”在課堂上不那么明顯了，因而，一堂課結束了也沒人找到“the lie”。
13．A.surprise
B．relief
C．comfort
D．silence
答案：D 在這樣無人找到“lie”的情況下，大家通常會靜靜坐著。
14．A.pleased
B．disappointed
C．annoyed
D．surprised
答案：A while提示與上文內容形成對比，上文的沉默應對應教授的“高興”。
15．A.diaries
B．notes
C．homework
D．articles
答案：B 根據下文“forced us to __16__ what we had set down in our notebooks”可知。
16．A.go through
B．look for
C．find out
D．turn in
答案：A go through意為“仔細瀏覽，復習，經歷”，look for意為“尋找”；find out“查明”；turn in 意為“上交”，結合語境，可知此處表示溫習筆記，去查出“lie”的所在。
17．A.married
B．retired
C．graduated
D．moved
答案：C 根據下文可知，此處表示畢業好多年。
18．A.funny
B．fresh
C．useful
D．important
答案：B while意為“盡管”，知識已經忘記了但這些課永遠留在腦海里。
19．A.responsible
B．greedy
C．patient
D．wrong
答案：D 結合全文主旨，可知此處表示所謂的專家也會犯錯。
20．A.believing
B．spreading
C．challenging
D．organizing
答案：C 結合本文主題可知，接受一個事物要學會用挑戰的態度。
?、?閱讀理解(建議用時16′)
A
[2024·山東診斷]For families on vacation, a playground provides a welcome break from sightseeing. It can also provide a glimpse into the local culture, from the setup of the park to the ways families interact. Here are the designs that live up to that challenge.
¤Fruit and Scent Park, Stockholm
Is there a picky eater on a steady diet of chicken fingers and cheese? Perhaps a trip to Sweden's Fruit and Scent Park will change his or her culinary (烹飪的) tune. This playground features a banana slide, an orange seesaw, pear huts, a watermelon jungle gym and a pair of cherry swings, all designed by public artist Johan Ferner Strom. Now, who can say you can't play with your food?
¤Nishi Rokugo Park, Tokyo
Located between central Tokyo and the city of Kawasaki, Nishi Rokugo combines recycled rubber tires (橡膠輪胎) with traditional playground equipment. In total， more than 3,000 tires of different sizes are used to create tunnels, bridges, tall sculptures for climbing and, of course, tire swings. There's little shade, so you can visit here in the early morning or late afternoon for the most comfortable weather, and be sure to wear your play clothes.
¤Bicentennial Children's Park, Santiago, Chile
Set a top San Cristóbal Hill, the Bicentennial Children's playground in Metropolitan Park was built to celebrate 200 years of Chilean independence and improve the lives of Santiago citizens. Dozens of slides are built into the slope, creating a design completely complementary (補充的) of the surrounding landscape. Fountains offer some relief from the sun, and ample seating gives parents a place to relax.
本文是一篇說明文，介紹的是幾個適合家庭度假的景點，主要包括文化、家庭互動以及景區設計。
1．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．Programs designed for culture exchange.
B．Theme parks attracting most tourists.
C．Creative sites for family to hang out.
D．Top museums around the world.
答案：C 主旨大意題。根據首段最后一句話“Here are the designs that live up to that challenge.”可知。
2．What can be learned about Fruit and Scent Park?
A．It is located in Tokyo, Japan.
B．Its design was led by some artists.
C．It is aimed to balance people's diet.
D．Its facilities are modelled after fruits.
答案：D 細節理解題。根據第二段第一句和最后一句的問題，以及結合全段描述的內容可知答案。
3．When visiting Nishi Rokugo Park, it is better to ________.
A．wear thick protective clothes
B．avoid moments when it's hot
C．take umbrellas and raincoats
D．watch out for the equipment
答案：B 細節理解題。根據第三段“There's little shade, so you can visit here in the early morning or late afternoon for...”可知答案。
4．Why does the author recommend Bicentennial Children's Park?
A．It becomes part of the surroundings.
B．It was built to improve people's lives.
C．It amuses kids and helps parents get relaxed.
D．It provides slides for both children and adults.
答案：C 細節理解題。根據第四段“Fountains offer some relief from the sun, and ample seating gives parents a place to relax.”，并結合公園名稱可確定答案。
1．glimpse n. 瞥
2.feature vi. 以……為特色
3．equipment n. 設備
4.comfortable adj. 舒服的
5．ample adj. 豐富的；足夠的
1．live up to 達到(水平)；不辜負
2．in total 總計；總共
B
[2024·江津中學質檢]Though the facts that too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year are not in argument, we always begin the discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean like this. It was quite right to compare demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse (導火線) that burns steadily and hesitatingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes”．
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility (生育) in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality (死亡率). For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 BC. till approximately 1650 AD. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and 1975, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And the population reached 6.2 billion throughout the world by the year 2000.One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 BC. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population. At present， this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 800,000,000 persons annually.
本文講述的是人口增長的歷史，從公元前8000年到當前人口的增長情況進行分析。
5．The underlined word “demographic” in Paragraph 1 means ________.
A．extinction of human
B．statistics of human population
C．death rate of human
D．development of human population
答案：B 詞義猜測題。根據單詞所在的句子中compare... to“a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and hesitatingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes”并結合文章話題可知。
6．Which of the following demographic growth patterns is most similar to the long thin powder fuse?
A．A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.
B．Too many people on earth and a few rapid increases in the number added each year.
C．A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.
D．A long period when death rates exceed birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.
答案：A 細節理解題。導火線開始平穩燃燒，到最后會達到引爆點而爆炸，而人口的發展亦是如此。
7．During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because ________.
A．only one in ten persons could live past 40
B．our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children
C．there was higher mortality than fertility in most places
D．it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions
答案：C 細節理解題。根據第二段“because death rates could exceed their birthrates”可知。
8．The author of the passage intends to ________.
A．warn people against the population explosion in the near future
B．find out the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years
C．present us a brief and clear picture of the demographic growth
D．compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650
答案：C 主旨大意題。根據文章首段作者把“人口問題”與“導火線”作比較以及最后一段列舉的一些數字可知，作者很客觀地陳述人口增長的情況。
1．global adj. 全球的
2．current adj./n. 當前的；通用的；電流；水流
3．exceed vt./vi. 超過；勝過
4.approximately adv. 大約
5．abstract adj. 抽象的
1．in danger of 處于……的危險中
2.at present 目前，現在
原文：To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends.(不定式作目的狀語)
譯文：為了理解當前的形勢——以人口快速增長為特點——有必要理解人口發展的趨勢。
仿寫：To_make herself understood, the interpreter was busy explaining carefully the terms involved in the contract and how they accounted for the profits.
為了讓對方明白，這位翻譯正仔細解釋合同中的條款及這些條款如何帶來利益。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(建議用時8′)
[2024·石家莊高三聯考]I am writing to apply a scholarship in Harvard University for the bachelor's Degree in your university. Here is my personal informations for you.
I was born in 1995 in Henan. I am admitted to Xiwang High School with high scores in 2024 and will graduate from this June. During my three school years, beside my high school subjects such as Chinese, English, physics and chemistry, I also take advanced maths in an nearby college. I have made straight A's on all requiring subjects. I have passed CET－4 but kept on learning English all these years. So I don't think you will have any problems in the English language during my study in your country.
I am looking forward to your early reply on qualifications for an internationally student.
答案：
I am writing to apply
a scholarship in Harvard University for the bachelor's Degree in your university. Here is my personal
