2024屆高考英語一輪復習閱讀理解解析版匯編：18（含解析）

　　2024高考英語閱讀理解解析版匯編（18）

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·長沙市二模，B)

　　These days, there are very few wild animals left

　　in the UK. The wolves have gone. The bears have been hunted to extinction.

　　Fortunately, there are a few badgers (獾)—Oh, well, actually, not for long as the British government has just decided to kill them too! But why?

　　Badgers are fascinating creatures.

　　The black and white mammals live underground in “setts”， which they dig out of the earth. They are extremely brave, fighting off larger animals such as bears and wolves.

　　The problem is that some badgers carry “Bovine Tuberculosis”(BTB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Bovis (M. Bovis) which can cause TB in some other animals, including cattle.

　　For farmers, this is a serious issue. In 1998 in the UK, almost 6 000 cows were killed to control the disease. And in 2010, more than 30 000 animals were destroyed. It's expensive too. Bovine TB costs the UK about ￡100 million per year. And some believe that the disease could end up costing the economy ￡9 billion over the next 40 years if nothing is done about it.

　　Experts say that badgers are responsible for about 50% of the infected cattle.

　　So, after much debate, the government has agreed to a badger cull (殺戮). This will mean about 30 000 of the innocent creatures will be wiped out to fight the disease.

　　Environment Secretary Caroline Spelman admitted that there was

　　“great strength of feeling”

　　about it, but said, “I believe this is the right way forward.”

　　Of course, many are against the measure, including conservationists and animal rights activists. They claim that killing the badgers in controlled zones wouldn't work because badgers from neighboring areas would simply move into the empty setts and become infected too. Furthermore, they believe that the way cattle are raised intensively, and transported around to lots of different farms during their lives is probably the biggest cause of the spread of the disease.

　　Most ordinary people are against the measure too. A survey suggests about twothirds are against killing the badgers, with majorities against killing them regardless of age, region and gender. One of the alternatives to the cull involves using vaccine (疫苗) on badgers. However, this costs an average of ￡2 250 per year per square kilometer. Trapping and shooting badgers costs ￡2 500 per year, but shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．

　　So, with that in mind, it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks!

　　文章大意：本文是一篇資訊報道。在英國，一些獾身上攜帶TB病菌，這種病菌會傳播給牲畜，從而給農(nóng)民帶來巨大的損失。政府不顧多數(shù)人的反對，決定采取行動來殺掉獾，因為對他們來說，這樣做的代價相對來說較低。

　　1．Why does the government want to kill the badgers?

　　A．Because there is no other choice to cut the spread of the disease.

　　B．Because badgers carry TB, a disease which can infect other animals.

　　C．Because they almost wiped out an entire population of cattle.

　　D．Because it might be an effective way to fight TB at the least expense.

　　答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中第四句“The problem is that some badgers carry ‘Bovine Tuberculosis’ (BTB)．..”及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“... shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．”可知，殺死獾可能是以最低價來對抗TB傳播的有效辦法。故答案選D。

　　2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Some people object to culling because it costs much more to trap and shoot badgers.

　　B．In the following four decades, ￡9 billion will be spent on TB.

　　C．Based on the survey, people of different age groups, regions and both genders are against

　　killing the badgers.

　　D．Caroline Spelman thought badgers should be culled despite people's strong reaction.

　　答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“A survey suggests about twothirds are against killing the badgers, with majorities against killing them regardless of age, region and gender.”可知，一項調(diào)查表明來自不同年齡、地區(qū)和性別的人，大多數(shù)都反對屠殺獾。故答案選C。

　　3．Who is strongly for killing the badgers according the passage?

　　A．The government.

　　B．Most ordinary people.

　　C．Conservationists.

　　D．Animal rights activists.

　　答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四、五、六段及文章最后一段中“it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks！”可知，政府對屠殺獾是非常支持的，因為這樣做的代價最低。故答案選A。

　　4．What is the author's attitude toward government's decision?

　　A．Supportive.

　　B．Critical.

　　C．Objective.

　　D．Unconcerned.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句中“actually, not for long as the British government has just decided to kill them too！”及最后一段“So, with that in mind, it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks！”可知，政府不顧多數(shù)人的反對，只考慮錢的問題。從中可以看出，作者對政府的決定是持批評態(tài)度。故答案選B。

　　5．Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A．The Control of TB

　　B．The Voice of the Badgers

　　C．Badger Danger

　　D．The Threat of the Badgers

　　答案：C　標題概括題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講了英國政府不顧人們的反對，已經(jīng)決定殺死獾，從而使獾處于危險之中。因此，短文的最佳標題應是Badger Danger。故答案選C。

　　【2024模擬題】 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　When I was 8 years old, I decided to run away from home after a quarrel with my mother. With my suitcase packed and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door.

　　My mom asked where I was going. “I’m leaving home,” I said.

　　“What’s that you’re carrying?” she asked.

　　“Some clothes and food,” I replied.

　　“If you want to run away, that’s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.”

　　I threw my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor and started for the door again.

　　“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “You didn’t have any clothes on when you arrived, and I want them back.”

　　This infuriated me. I tore my clothes off — shoes, socks, underwear and all — and shouted, “Can I go now?”

　　“Yes,” my mom answered, “but once you close that door, don’t expect to come back.”

　　I was so angry that I shut the door forcefully and stepped out of my home. Then I noticed down the street two neighbor girls walking toward our house. I was so shy that I saw the big spruce (云杉) tree in our yard and jumped under the low-hanging branches. A pile of dried-up brown needles were beneath the tree, and you can’t imagine the pain those sharp needles caused to my body.

　　After I was sure the girls had passed by, I ran to the front door and knocked at it loudly.

　　“It’s Billy! Let me in!”

　　The voice behind the door answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.”

　　Looking behind me to see if anyone else was coming down the street, I said, “Mom! I’m sorry. I’m still your son. Let me in!”

　　The door opened and Mom’s smiling face appeared. “Did you change your mind about running away?” she asked.

　　“What’s for supper?” I smiled back.

　　1. When the author was leaving home, his mother ordered him to _____.

　　A. stay at home

　　B. take some sandwiches

　　C. leave everything behind

　　D. check his suitcase carefully

　　2. Which of the following can best describe the author’s mom?

　　A. Selfish and proud. ?? ??????

　　B. Strict but loving.

　　C. Kind and helpful. ? ? ? ? ? ?

　　D. Wise but impatient.

　　3. The underlined word “infuriated” probably means “_____”.

　　A. surprised? ???????????????????? ?????? B. warned? ??

　　C. encouraged ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. angered

　　4. Why did the author jump under the low-hanging branches?

　　A. To avoid being seen.

　　B. To find some needles.

　　C. To play a joke on the two girls.

　　D. To attract the two girls’ attention.

　　5. The last sentence “What’s for supper?” mainly shows that the author _____.

　　A. felt very hungry at that time

　　B. changed his plan to leave home

　　C. wished to eat something before leaving

　　D. wanted to know what his mother prepared for supper

　　?(家庭)???????本文是記敘文。作者在八歲的時候，因為與母親吵架萌生離家出走的想法，然而在他準備邁出家門的那一刻，卻被母親攔住了，因為母親向他提出了一個條件……

　　1. C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way可知，在作者要離家出走時，母親讓他把所有的東西都留下。

　　2. B。推理判斷題。讓離家出走的兒子脫掉所有的衣服，顯示母親的苛刻，但母親又讓吃盡苦頭要求回家的兒子進家門，由此可知，母親對兒子又充滿了愛。故選B項。

　　3. D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的I tore my clothes off?—?shoes, socks, underwear and all?—?and shouted,?“Can I go now?”可知，脫去衣服、大聲喊叫的作者十分生氣。故infuriated在此處有“激怒”的意思。

　　4. A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的?... noticed down the street two neighbor girls walking toward our house. I was so shy that ...?可知，脫光了衣服的作者看到有人走過來，為了避免尷尬，跳到樹叢中以免被人看到。

　　5. B。推理判斷題。在樹叢中受盡了苦頭的作者，最后向母親道歉，要求回家，他說“晚飯吃什么”暗含著他改變了離家出走的想法。

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　After spending 13 years raising three boys, Stephanie Connolly wanted to get back into the workforce, but she was worried that her computer skills were obsolete. Not only was the long employment break a concern, but she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect.

　　A year later, Connolly is so skilled in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint that she is helping others, and has just completed a fixed amount of work as a teaching assistant in a computer class. She's also on the job hunt, armed with a new resume (簡歷), interview skills, and the latest knowledge of how to conduct Internet job searches, fill out Web-based applications, and upload resumes.

　　“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me，” said Connolly, who owed her development to classes offered by the Harvard Allston Workforce Development Collaboration (HAWDC).The collaboration is part of a series of programs, and neighborhood improvements that began with an agreement reached between Harvard University and the city of Boston five years ago.

　　The agreement grew out of discussions

　　between the University and the city over the construction of Harvard's science Complex in Allston. Although the construction paused in 2009, the implementation (實施) of the non-construction-related aspects of the agreement has continued.

　　What has meant to the neighbors is the opening of the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a community-centered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood and access to certain University programs and facilities. Information about the agreement's benefits to the community, as well as about Harvard's deep ties with Cambridge and Boston, is available on the new community-oriented Public Affairs website.

　　1.The underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.

　　A.out of reach

　　B.out of date

　　C.out of order

　　D.out of danger

　　2.Which of the following words can best describe Connolly's attitude to the HAWDC?

　　A.Critical.

　　B.Grateful.

　　C. Indifferent.

　　D.Neutral.

　　3.According to the passage, Harvard Allston Education Portal

　　________.

　　A.benefits people living in Boston

　　B.raises money from the local people

　　C.is merely accessible to college students

　　D.makes people concerned about the environment

　　4.In which part of Harvard University's website can we find this passage?

　　A.Multimedia.

　　B.Harvard Science.

　　C.Arts & Culture.

　　D.Campus & Community.

　　1．解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect.”可知，她擔心她的計算機技能“過時”了。2．解析：選B　態(tài)度觀點題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me”可知，Connolly因為學習了該項目的課程，變得很自信，可推斷她對這一協(xié)作項目心存感激。3．解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a community-centered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood”可知，該項目使波士頓當?shù)厝耸芤妗?．解析：選D　文章出處題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“a community-centered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood”可知，本文最可能出現(xiàn)在哈佛大學網(wǎng)站中與社區(qū)有關的板塊里。

　　Today, ultrasonic(超聲的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forth hundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film.

　　The new lightweight(輕量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way.

　　Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均勻，使勻質(zhì)) milk and sterilizing(使無菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces. (from www.nmet168.com)