2024屆高考英語一輪復習練習：必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab（外研版）
Module 5
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2024·課標Ⅱ，C)
More students than ever before are taking a gap year (間隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.
But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.
語篇解讀：本文講述了在美國，越來越多的高中畢業生通過休學一年的方式(gap year)來積累經驗，為未來的大學生活做準備，但是也有人認為，在這一年里很多學生不得不被迫打工賺取上學的費用。
1．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A．It is flexible in length.B．It is a time for relaxation.
C．It is increasingly popular.D．It is required by universities.
答案：C 細節理解題。由第一段第一句“More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (間隔年)before going to university.”及第三段第一句“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”可知，間隔年越來越受到歡迎，故選C項。
2．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year______.
A．are better prepared for college studies
B．know a lot more about their future jobs
C．are more likely to leave university in debt
D．have a better chance to enter top universities
答案：A 推理判斷題。由題干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根據他所說的話“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他認為，經歷間隔年學生更成熟和有責任感，由此可以推斷出他認為他們能更好地為大學學習做準備，故選A項。
3．How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A．He's puzzled.
B．He's worried.
C．He's surprised.
D．He's annoyed.
答案：B 推理判斷題。由題干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根據第二句“...young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.”可知，越來越多的學生會在結束學業之前被迫去掙錢，他對此是擔憂的，故選B項。
4．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A．Attend additional courses.
B．Make plans for the new term.
C．Earn money for their education.
D．Prepare for their graduate studies.
答案：C 細節理解題。根據文章最后一句“NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods...”可知此處應選C項。
B
(2024·湖北重點中學聯考)
400-year-old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.
Moss (蘚類植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop Glacier (冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.
Samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems (莖). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.
Biologist Dr. Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop Glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.
While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte (苔蘚類植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the U．S. and the highlands of the U．K.
Dr. La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr. La Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants were growing again, and that blew_my_mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, we've always thought that plants have to come from refugia (瀕絕生物保護區), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. It's a whole world of what's coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we don't know it all.”
Dr. La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr. La Farge's team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.
The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr. La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.
However, Dr. La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the 21st century. Her findings appear in Proceedings (論文集) of the National Academy of Sciences.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了生物學家凱瑟琳·拉·法奇博士和她的團隊發現400年前冰封在冰川里的苔蘚類植物，帶回實驗室后放置在營養豐富的土壤中，澆水之后這些植物又再次生長。
5．Dr. La Farge's research is of great importance to ________.
A．knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like
B．understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers
C．regrowing many species that have been destroyed before
D．figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句“Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.”可知研究表明這些植物有望重新覆蓋冰蓋融化地區。由此推斷該研究有利于當地的生態系統從冰川中恢復過來。故選B項。
6．The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 means ________.
A．surprised me B．greatly frightened me
C．put my doubt out of my mindD．was exactly what I had in my mind
答案：A 詞義猜測題。畫線短語所在的句子意為“……我可以看到一些莖上新長出了綠色的分支，這表明這些植物正在再次生長，這出乎我的意料。”因此畫線部分意為“出乎意料”，只有A項符合。
7．According to the passage, Aulacomnium turgidum ________.
A．lives better in small groups
B．is very active in hot weather
C．is strong enough to survive coldness
D．is chosen from Canadian refugia
答案：C 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段最后一句中“Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.”可知苔蘚植物可以在漫長的冬季存活并在天氣變暖時再生。因為Aulacomnium turgidum是苔蘚類植物中的一種，因此也可在嚴寒中存活。故選C項。
8．Which of the following would best summarize the passage?
A．Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.
B．400-year-old moss's survival is a mystery to solve.
C．Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.
D．400-year-old plants were brought back to life.
答案：D 主旨大意題。根據文章內容可知冰封400年的植物也可以在合適的溫度中再次復活。故選D項。
.七選五
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩處為多余選項。
(2024·河北百校聯盟3月模擬)
Many children like to eat snacks in everyday life, and some of them even have snacks during dinner. To maintain the normal meals and stay healthy, it is necessary to regularly eat snacks for children in their spare time. __1__
★Prepare healthy snacks in advance.
When you make something yourself，you get to control the ingredients(原料) and put in what's good for you! You can also keep plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables at home to take on the go.__2__Keep the servings in bags in the fridge, ready to grab and go.
★__3__
Make it a habit to store some fruit, whole-grain crackers, or baby carrots in your backpack so you always have some healthy food nearby. Half a cheese sandwich also makes a great snack to have on standby (備用)．
__4__
Healthy snacking doesn't have to be boring as long as you give yourself a variety of choices.
Whole-wheat biscuits with peanut butter or low-fat fruit yogurt are healthy, tasty, and easy.
★Satisfy cravings (渴望) with healthier approaches.
__5__ An 8-ounce mug of hot chocolate has only 140 calories and 3 grams of fat. A chocolate bar, on the other hand, has 230 calories and 13 grams of fat.
Evenings can be a tempting time to have sugary, fatty snacks. If you're really feeling hungry, don't ignore it. Instead, pick the right snacks to fill the hunger gap. Whole-wheat bread, rice cakes, or popcorn can do the trick, so can fruit paired with cheese or yogurt.
A．Make it interesting.
B．Keep healthy snacks with you.
C．Read serving size information.
D．Cut up melons or vegetables in advance.
E．Here are some ways to make healthy snacking part of your daily routine.
F．If you like to do some cooking about snacks, you can follow the following ways.
G．If you're crazy for chocolate, try a hot chocolate drink instead of a chocolate bar.
語篇解讀：孩子喜歡吃零食，這很正常。可如何保證孩子零食吃得也健康呢？本文教給了我們一些方法。
1．E 下文給出了能讓孩子吃上健康零食的四種方法，故選E。
2．D D項與該段落的小標題呼應。
3．B 由下面的內容可知選B。
4．A 下面的“Healthy snacking doesn't_have_to_be_boring as long as you give yourself a variety of choices.”句中的boring一詞與A項中的interesting照應。
5．G 由后面的關鍵詞hot chocolate可知選G。
.語法填空
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
(2024·山東模擬沖刺卷)
There are two factors __1__(determine) an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born __2__. Human brains differ __3__(consider), some being more capable than others.__4__ however good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment __5__ he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻礙) environmentally，it is __6__(like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can __7__(show) by the case of the twins, Peter and Mark. When the twins were three months old, __8__ parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor __9__(education) opportunities. Mark was educated in the home of well-to-do parents __10__ had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I．Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
語篇解讀：有兩種因素(先天因素和后天因素)可決定一個人的智力水平。即使先天因素再好，如果沒有后天的學習，沒有后天好的學習環境，先天因素也不會得到好的發展。
1．determining 考查非謂語動詞作定語。被修飾詞two factors與determine為邏輯上的主動關系，故用現在分詞作定語。句意：有兩個因素決定著一個人的智力水平。
2．with 本題以定語從句的形式考查介詞。將先行詞(the sort of brain) 代入定語從句后為：He is born (with) the sort of brain.由此可見設空處應為介詞with。
3．considerably 考查副詞。設空處需用副詞作狀語，修飾動詞differ。considerably是副詞，意為：相當多地，很，非常。
4．But 考查并列連詞。前后句之間為轉折關系，故用并列連詞but。
5．where 考查定語從句。先行詞為environment，將先行詞代入定語從句后為He is brought up in the environment.由此可見關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故設空處應為where。
6．likely 考查固定表達。“It is likely that...”為固定句式，意為：……是可能的。
7．be shown 考查被動語態。show與句子主語The importance of environment in...為被動關系，故用被動語態。
8．their 考查物主代詞。their代替the twins'，作parents的定語。
9．educational 考查形容詞。設空處后為名詞，由此可判斷設空處應用形容詞作定語修飾opportunities。
10．who 考查定語從句。先行詞為well-to-do parents，關系詞在定語從句中作主語且指“人”，故填who。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Echo, my favorite teacher, is a pretty and slim lady. When she talks to us, she always has a smile on his face. I think Echo is gifted teacher because she has a lot of good teach methods. Her classes are so full of funs that you will never feel bored. To improve our grades, she usually gave us some advice on how to learn English well .What's more, she spends much her time helping her students instead of staying with her family. Sometimes, she hardly has any time to have the lunch. Whenever I ask her questions, she will spare no effort to make me understood, with patience or care. I have never seen so a good teacher as her before.
