（豫皖京閩粵通用）2024屆高考英語北師大版一輪自主復習學案：book8 Unit 24《society》

　　話題詞匯

　　1．responsible adj.有責任的

　　2．incident n．事件；事故

　　3．aware adj.意識到的

　　4．boom n. &v.繁榮，激增

　　5．changeable adj.易變的

　　6．constitution n．憲法，章程

　　7．reform v．&n.改革

　　8．unemployment n．失業(狀態)

　　9．on one’s way to在去……的路上

　　10．without hesitation毫不猶豫

　　11．compare with與……相比

　　12．be proud of以……自豪

　　經典語篇 (2024·湖北)

　　請根據以下提示，并結合具體事例，用英語寫一篇短文。

　　Small things make a big difference.The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

　　注意：①無須寫標題；

　　②除詩歌外，文體不限；

　　③內容必須結合你生活中的具體事例；

　　④詞數不少于120，如引用提示語則不計入總詞數。

　　佳作欣賞

　　It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.

　　I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.① I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.② A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.

　　As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.③

　　思維發散

　　1．把第①句改為簡單句

　　I can well remember an incident happening on a rainy Sunday afternoon.

　　2．仿照第②句用be doing...when...翻譯句子

　　我正在閱覽室讀書，忽然聽到有人呼救。

　　I was reading in the reading-room when I heard someone shouting for help.

　　3．把第③句改為含有強調句型的句子

　　As a member of the society，I am aware that it is being responsible that it takes to make a better society.

　　Ⅰ.重點單詞

　　A．寫作單詞

　　1．homelessness (n.)無家可歸

　　homeless (adj.)無家可歸的

　　2．voluntary (adj.)自愿的

　　volunteer (n.)志愿者

　　3．govern (vt.)統治，管理

　　4．burden (n.)重擔，負擔；(vt.)(使)擔負

　　5．adjustment (n.)調整，調節

　　adjust (vt.)調整，調節

　　6．resign (vt.&vi.)辭職

　　7．delete (vt.)刪除

　　8．fine (n.)罰款

　　9．sentence (n.&vt.)判決

　　B．閱讀單詞

　　10．abundant (adj.)大量的

　　abundance (n.)大量；豐盛

　　11．deposit (vt.&vi.)存儲，儲蓄

　　12．signature (n.)簽名

　　sign (v.)簽(名)

　　13．accumulate (v.)積累

　　14．vacant (adj.)未住人的，空置的

　　15．diverse (adj.)各種各樣的

　　diversity (n.)多樣性；差異

　　16．bare (adj.)赤祼的

　　barely (adv.)僅僅；幾乎不

　　17．virtue (n.)優點，長處

　　18．elect (vt.)選舉，推選

　　19．cast (vt.&n.)投下

　　20．undertake (vt.)著手做，從事

　　21．abolish (vt.)廢除

　　22．consequently (adv.)所以，因此

　　consequence (n.)結果；后果；重大；重要(性)

　　23．spiritual (adj.)宗教的，教會的；精神的

　　spirit (n.)精神

　　24．thirst (n.)口渴

　　thirsty (adj.)口渴的

　　Ⅱ.重點短語

　　1．come into being形成，存在

　　2．wind sb.up故意惹惱(某人，尤指開玩笑)

　　3．show off炫耀，夸耀

　　4．knock into sb.撞上某人

　　5．turning point轉折點

　　6．break into闖入

　　7．sentence sb.to death判某人死刑

　　8．on principle根據原則

　　9．keep an eye on密切注視，照看

　　10．clean up打掃干凈

　　11．do away with廢除，消除

　　Ⅲ.經典句式

　　1．As a society，it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.

　　作為整個社會來講，到了我們應該更加認真地考慮這些問題的時候了。

　　2．Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.

　　不是更快樂了，而是壓力增加了，留給我們自己和朋友、家人享受樂趣的自由時間更少了。

　　3．I’d rather you didn’t mention that.

　　我寧愿你不提起那件事。

　　4．What if some married people have affairs?

　　要是一些已婚的人有了婚外戀怎么辦？

　　5．They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.

　　他們派衛兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們容易監視人們的舉動。

　　Ⅳ.課文語法填空

　　Many of us in developed societies are trapped 1.in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.But 2.strangely(strange) enough，the more money we earn，the less often we see it.Besides，we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 3.who govern us.Thus，the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.

　　In this spending circle，on the one hand，we accumulate possessions 4.but never feel like we have enough.On the 5.other hand，we work towards the ownership of bigger and 6.better(good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them.Instead，they feel like a burden 7.because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for 8.them.

　　9．Surely(sure) we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings，but there is a growing resistance to this consumer society 10.which is especially affecting the youth of today with their computers，i-pods，designer clothes and mobile phones.

　　1

　　abundant adj.大量的；豐盛的；充裕的?plentiful?

　　[多詞一義]　abundant，enough，sufficient，adequate

　　?1?be abundant in富于……，……很豐富

　　?2?abundance n.豐富，大量，多,in abundance大量，富裕

　　(1)There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.

　　廉價勞動力供應充足。

　　(2)Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.

　　高大的植被中有著大量的鳥類。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)Indonesia is abundant in(在……方面富有) petroleum deposits.

　　(2)Wild flowers grow in abundance(大量地) on the hillsides.

　　2

　　burden n.?義務、責任等的?重擔，負擔?duty；responsibility?；v.?使?擔負?沉重或艱難的任務、職責等??give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.

　　[應試指導]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查

　　(1)His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.

　　他父親體弱多病，對他來說漸漸成了累贅。

　　(2)I don’t want to burden you with my problems.

　　我不想讓我的問題給你增加負擔。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)同義句改寫

　　She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night.

　　①She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden...with改寫)

　　②Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)

　　(2)單句改錯

　　Being reachable might feel like burden to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.burden前加a

　　3

　　resign vt.&vi.辭職；辭去(工作、職位等)；聽任；順從

　　resign from...辭去……職務

　　resign as...辭去當……的職務

　　resign office辭職

　　resign oneself to聽任擺布

　　(1)Mr.Robb resigned his position last month.

　　羅布先生上個月辭職了。

　　(2)She resigned as education minister.

　　她辭去了教務主任職務。

　　(3)No，I refuse the company decision，which dismisses me，because I resign office!

　　我拒絕(接受)公司辭退我的決定，因為我要(主動)辭職！

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.

　　(2)Mr.Smith resigned from the union last year.

　　4

　　elect v.選舉，推選；選擇；決定做某事

　　?1?elect sb.as...選舉某人擔任……

　　elect sb.to...選舉某人到……?職位?

　　?2?election n.選舉；當選；選擇權

　　(1)He was elected as MP for Oxford East.

　　他被選為牛津東區的議員。

　　(2)She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

　　她成為第一個被選進參議院的黑人婦女。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)Those electing (elect) to smoke will be seated at the rear.

　　(2)In America，presidential elections (elect) are held every four years.

　　(3)Besides，in November they may elect him as president.

　　(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him to that office.

　　5

　　undertake vt.著手做；從事；承擔；許諾，答應；試圖

　　undertake＋n./pron.承擔……

　　undertake to do...著手做……，答應做……

　　undertake for...為……負責

　　(1)I’ll leave you to undertake an important mission.

　　我要讓你承擔一項重要使命。

　　(2)She undertook responsibility for the changes.

　　她承擔了這些變革的責任。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①He undertook to finish (finish) the task by Saturday.

　　②The best way to undertake (undertake) big projects is to force them into your schedule.

　　(2)單句改錯

　　I undertook teaching the children English.teaching→to teach

　　6

　　sentence n.判決，宣判；句子；命題；vt.判決，宣判

　　?1?serve a sentence服刑

　　pass sentence on sb.對某人判刑

　　?2?sentence sb.to sth.給某人判……刑；宣判某人……罪刑

　　be sentenced to...被判……刑

　　(1)The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.

　　這個犯人已服刑期滿，明天將釋放。

　　(2)The judge sentenced the murderer to death.

　　法官判處那個殺人犯死刑。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)The judge will pass sentence on him.

　　(2)He was sentenced to death in their absence.

　　7

　　show off炫耀，夸耀

　　?1?show...out領……出去

　　show sb.around/round領某人參觀

　　show...in帶或領……進來,show up出席；到場

　　?2?on show在展出

　　(1)Peter is keen to show off his new car.

　　彼得喜歡炫耀他的新車。

　　(2)Considering it’s cold outside，you’d better show the old man in.

　　考慮到外面冷，你最好把那個老人領進來。

　　(3)He promised to come but did not show up in the end.

　　他承諾來但最后也沒有到場。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.

　　(2)I will show you around our school.

　　(3)Although some people like to show off their wealth，income is a very private matter for most Americans.

　　(4)A few hundred people showed up，as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

　　(5)Our guests said goodbye to us and we showed them out.

　　8

　　voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；無償的

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①The prisoner made a voluntary(volunteer) statement.

　　②Why do you want to volunteer for our organization?

　　③The young man volunteered to stop(stop) the drunken men from fighting.

　　(2)單句改錯

　　The volunteer service saved you a sum of money.volunteer→voluntary

　　9

　　govern vt.統治，管理

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①The party who governs(govern) the country is chosen by the people.

　　②How long has Obama been in government?

　　③The government(govern) should make every effort to promote the economy.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①The need for money governs his behavior.

　　對金錢的需要支配著他的行為。

　　②Can’t you govern your temper?

　　難道你不能控制脾氣嗎？

　　10

　　delete vt.刪除

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)He has no authority to publish content，nor can he delete anything from the live site.

　　(2)Delete(delete) his name from the list of members.

　　(3)Several words were deleted(delete) by him from the text.

　　11

　　fine n.罰款；v.處?某人?以罰金；adj.合適的；令人愉快的；?天氣?晴朗的；好的；漂亮的；健康的；adv.?口語?很；很好

　　多維訓練

　　寫出下列句子中fine的漢語意思

　　(1)The fine weather is favorable for outdoor sports.晴朗的

　　(2)We had a fine time at the party last night.令人愉快的

　　(3)Yes，we are getting along fine.很好

　　(4)There is a fine for driving too fast.罰款

　　(5)The judge fined her 25 dollars for her mistake.處……以罰金

　　(6)He is not feeling fine today.健康的

　　12

　　come into being形成；開始存在；產生

　　多維訓練

　　用“come into＋名詞”完成句子

　　(1)The new law will come into force/effect(將生效) next month.

　　(2)The big hotel has come into use/service(已經投入使用)．

　　(3)I’ve come into the habit of(養成……的習慣) calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.

　　(4)Perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth came into being/existence(形成)．

　　(5)This government came into power(上臺) at the last election.

　　13

　　knock into sb.撞上某人