2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法精練課件：專題2 代詞與介詞
走向高考 · 英語 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 人教版(課標卷地區) · 高考總復習
語法專項突破
第二部分 專題二 代詞與介詞 第二部分 代 詞 一、代詞的分類 人稱代詞 主格 I，you，he，she，it，we，they 作主語或表語 He is one of my best friends.
賓格 me，you，him，her，it，us，them
作賓語：在省略句中單獨使用或在not后，多用賓格 ①－I like English.
－Me too.
②－Have more wine?
－Not me.
物主代詞 形容詞性 my，your，his，her，its，our，their 作定語 I don't know why your book is on my desk.
名詞性 mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs 作主語、表語或賓語 ①May I use your pen？Yours works better. ②The life I have is yours. 反身代詞 myself，yourself，himself, herself，itself, ourselves，yourselves，themselves 作賓語、表語或同位語 ①Make yourself at home.
②I'm not quite myself today.
③I think I myself can do it. 指示代詞 this，that，those，these，such，some 作主語、表語、賓語或定語 ①This is a novel and that is a magazine.
②In those days they could not go to school.
溫馨提示 常見的帶反身代詞的一些固定搭配：
by oneself獨自地；for oneself親自；enjoy oneself玩得開心，過得愉快 ；Behave yourself！規矩點！devote oneself to專心于；獻身于；apply oneself to專心致志于；adapt oneself to適應于；help oneself to擅自取用
二、不定代詞的用法
1．something，anything，nothing的區別 something (1)一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被認為是重要的或值得注意的事。
(2)也可用于疑問句，表示請求、邀請、征詢意見等。
anything (1)表示“任何東西，任何事物”，一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句；
(2)也可用于肯定句，當“任何事情”講；
(3)anything but 根本不。
nothing 表示“沒有什么，沒有一件東西”，常用于陳述句，表示否定意義。
①There is something in his words.We should have a try.
他說的話不無道理，我們應該試一試。
②—What do you think of the lecture?
—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.
——你認為講座怎么樣？ ——一點意思都沒有，但是我還是堅持著聽完了。
2．none，nothing，no one/nobody的用法比較 none none既指人也指物，后面可接of短語，一般用來回答how many，how much和which的提問。
nothing nothing只指事物，后面不能接of短語，用來回答what的提問。
no one/ nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短語，一般回答who的提問。
①—How much bread is there?
—None.I wish you could offer me some.
——還有多少面包？
——一點沒有了。我希望你能給我一些。
②—What have you been doing today?
—Oh，nothing special，just hanging around.
——今天你都干了什么？
——哦，沒有什么特別的，只是閑逛。
3．the other，other，another，others的用法比較 the other，other the other 可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的……”。other不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義。
another 可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數可數名詞。另外another后可接“基數詞/few＋復數名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others。
①I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我準備把我假日時間的一半用來練習英語，另一半時間學習繪畫。
②The microblog has become another classroom for me，and the teachers are all big names in academia. 微博已成為我的第二課堂，這里的老師們都是學術界的大師級人物。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。 4．it，that，one的用法比較
it 特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物 I can't find my hat，I don't know where I put it.
that that用來替代前面出現的特指的單數可數名詞或特指的不可數名詞，相當于the＋單數/不可數名詞 ①The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.
這款車的基本設計與之前車型的設計非常相似。
②The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.
南部山區的風景與北部城市的風景迥異。
one 指代前面出現過的那類事物中的“一個”，其復數形式為ones。
①We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found one yet.
我一直在找一個便宜的房子但是還沒有找到。
②Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present，one(＝a present) that I had never seen. 張先生給我一件非常有價值的禮物，一件我從來沒有見過的禮物。
③The book on the desk is better than the one(＝the book)under the desk.
桌上的那本書比桌下的那本書好。
三、指示代詞的用法
1．this，these，that，those的用法 this與these往往指時間或空間較近的人或物；that與those指時間或空間較遠的人或物。
Is there any way of solving these problems?
有什么解決這些問題的方法嗎？
2．such，so的用法
(1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或物。
Such is Cao Mao Sister，a diligent farmer with great passions in music. 這就是草帽姐，一個勤勞同時又對音樂有很大的熱情的農民。
(2)so作指示代詞時，代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情，一般用在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，hope等后面，如I think so./I don't think so.
—Is he coming tonight?
—I think so./I don't think so.
——他今晚來嗎？
——我想是的。/我認為他不來。
四、it的用法 it作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動詞－ing形式、名詞性從句。
①He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
②It's no use complaining without taking action.
表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞后面接it，構成固定結構，這類動詞有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 —A lovely day，isn't it? —Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk？ when it comes to...當提及到……
When it comes to saving energy，big changes start with small steps，like turning off the lights. make it成功；確定時間為……(后接時間類名詞)；as it is事實上；照原樣；get it明白了； take it for granted that...認為……是理所當然的…… Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
介 詞 一、表示空間關系的介詞 off 離開，偏離
at 在……上
around 在……周圍
on 在……上
in 在……里
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方
under 在……下面
below 在……下方
behind 在……后面
across 橫跨
①The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
Well飯店坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個非常安靜的地方。
②Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
你覺得這件襯衫在肩膀這個地方是不是太緊了？
二、表示時間的介詞 at 在……時(強調時間點)
on 在……時(跟具體的某一天或某一天的上/下午)
in 在……之后，在哪一月/年
since 自從
for 長達
until 直到
during/over 在……期間
On the morning of my mother's birthday，I usually help my mother do some housework.
在我母親生日那天上午，我通常幫我母親做些家務。
三、表示工具、手段、方式、原因、所屬關系的介詞
with＋具體的某物；by＋動詞－ing/工具；in＋語言/顏色/原料等；for由于……的原因；of在……范圍內。
Of all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
在我養過的所有動物中，這兩只狗對口頭語言最敏感。 四、with復合結構
with復合結構常用來作狀語，表示伴隨、原因等，此外還可以作名詞的定語。 搭配 示例
with＋n./pron.＋adj. ①He just sat there with his mouth open. ②I suddenly saw a man with one of his eyes closed.
with＋n./pron.＋adv. ①He fell asleep with the light still on.
②With her mother away，the girl felt lonely.
with＋n./pron. ＋doing ①With so many people watching，she felt at a loss. ②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
with＋n./pron.＋done ①With the work done，they went for a swim.
②He stood for an instant with his hand raised.
with＋n./pron.＋prep.
①I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
②The old man walked with a stick in his hand.
with＋n./pron.＋to do ①With nothing to do，he slept the whole afternoon.
②With so much work to do，how can I expect some time of my own?
五、介詞的固定短語 instead of 代替
other than/apart from 除……之外
because of/thanks to/due to/owing to 由于
by accident/chance 碰巧
on/above/below average 平均而言/在平均水平以上/在平均水平以下
in surprise/detail/brief/time 吃驚地/詳細地/簡言之/及時
on time/purpose 按時/故意地
on the contrary 正相反，相反地
Brown said he was by no means annoyed；on the contrary，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 布朗說他絕不生氣，相反他很高興能讓別人清楚地了解他自己。
走向高考 · 英語 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 人教版(課標卷地區) · 高考總復習
語法專項突破
第二部分 專題二 代詞與介詞 第二部分 代 詞 一、代詞的分類 人稱代詞 主格 I，you，he，she，it，we，they 作主語或表語 He is one of my best friends.
賓格 me，you，him，her，it，us，them
作賓語：在省略句中單獨使用或在not后，多用賓格 ①－I like English.
－Me too.
②－Have more wine?
－Not me.
物主代詞 形容詞性 my，your，his，her，its，our，their 作定語 I don't know why your book is on my desk.
名詞性 mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs 作主語、表語或賓語 ①May I use your pen？Yours works better. ②The life I have is yours. 反身代詞 myself，yourself，himself, herself，itself, ourselves，yourselves，themselves 作賓語、表語或同位語 ①Make yourself at home.
②I'm not quite myself today.
③I think I myself can do it. 指示代詞 this，that，those，these，such，some 作主語、表語、賓語或定語 ①This is a novel and that is a magazine.
②In those days they could not go to school.
溫馨提示 常見的帶反身代詞的一些固定搭配：
by oneself獨自地；for oneself親自；enjoy oneself玩得開心，過得愉快 ；Behave yourself！規矩點！devote oneself to專心于；獻身于；apply oneself to專心致志于；adapt oneself to適應于；help oneself to擅自取用
二、不定代詞的用法
1．something，anything，nothing的區別 something (1)一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被認為是重要的或值得注意的事。
(2)也可用于疑問句，表示請求、邀請、征詢意見等。
anything (1)表示“任何東西，任何事物”，一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句；
(2)也可用于肯定句，當“任何事情”講；
(3)anything but 根本不。
nothing 表示“沒有什么，沒有一件東西”，常用于陳述句，表示否定意義。
①There is something in his words.We should have a try.
他說的話不無道理，我們應該試一試。
②—What do you think of the lecture?
—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.
——你認為講座怎么樣？ ——一點意思都沒有，但是我還是堅持著聽完了。
2．none，nothing，no one/nobody的用法比較 none none既指人也指物，后面可接of短語，一般用來回答how many，how much和which的提問。
nothing nothing只指事物，后面不能接of短語，用來回答what的提問。
no one/ nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短語，一般回答who的提問。
①—How much bread is there?
—None.I wish you could offer me some.
——還有多少面包？
——一點沒有了。我希望你能給我一些。
②—What have you been doing today?
—Oh，nothing special，just hanging around.
——今天你都干了什么？
——哦，沒有什么特別的，只是閑逛。
3．the other，other，another，others的用法比較 the other，other the other 可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的……”。other不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義。
another 可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數可數名詞。另外another后可接“基數詞/few＋復數名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others。
①I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我準備把我假日時間的一半用來練習英語，另一半時間學習繪畫。
②The microblog has become another classroom for me，and the teachers are all big names in academia. 微博已成為我的第二課堂，這里的老師們都是學術界的大師級人物。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。 4．it，that，one的用法比較
it 特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物 I can't find my hat，I don't know where I put it.
that that用來替代前面出現的特指的單數可數名詞或特指的不可數名詞，相當于the＋單數/不可數名詞 ①The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.
這款車的基本設計與之前車型的設計非常相似。
②The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.
南部山區的風景與北部城市的風景迥異。
one 指代前面出現過的那類事物中的“一個”，其復數形式為ones。
①We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found one yet.
我一直在找一個便宜的房子但是還沒有找到。
②Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present，one(＝a present) that I had never seen. 張先生給我一件非常有價值的禮物，一件我從來沒有見過的禮物。
③The book on the desk is better than the one(＝the book)under the desk.
桌上的那本書比桌下的那本書好。
三、指示代詞的用法
1．this，these，that，those的用法 this與these往往指時間或空間較近的人或物；that與those指時間或空間較遠的人或物。
Is there any way of solving these problems?
有什么解決這些問題的方法嗎？
2．such，so的用法
(1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或物。
Such is Cao Mao Sister，a diligent farmer with great passions in music. 這就是草帽姐，一個勤勞同時又對音樂有很大的熱情的農民。
(2)so作指示代詞時，代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情，一般用在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，hope等后面，如I think so./I don't think so.
—Is he coming tonight?
—I think so./I don't think so.
——他今晚來嗎？
——我想是的。/我認為他不來。
四、it的用法 it作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動詞－ing形式、名詞性從句。
①He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
②It's no use complaining without taking action.
表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞后面接it，構成固定結構，這類動詞有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 —A lovely day，isn't it? —Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk？ when it comes to...當提及到……
When it comes to saving energy，big changes start with small steps，like turning off the lights. make it成功；確定時間為……(后接時間類名詞)；as it is事實上；照原樣；get it明白了； take it for granted that...認為……是理所當然的…… Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
介 詞 一、表示空間關系的介詞 off 離開，偏離
at 在……上
around 在……周圍
on 在……上
in 在……里
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方
under 在……下面
below 在……下方
behind 在……后面
across 橫跨
①The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
Well飯店坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個非常安靜的地方。
②Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
你覺得這件襯衫在肩膀這個地方是不是太緊了？
二、表示時間的介詞 at 在……時(強調時間點)
on 在……時(跟具體的某一天或某一天的上/下午)
in 在……之后，在哪一月/年
since 自從
for 長達
until 直到
during/over 在……期間
On the morning of my mother's birthday，I usually help my mother do some housework.
在我母親生日那天上午，我通常幫我母親做些家務。
三、表示工具、手段、方式、原因、所屬關系的介詞
with＋具體的某物；by＋動詞－ing/工具；in＋語言/顏色/原料等；for由于……的原因；of在……范圍內。
Of all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
在我養過的所有動物中，這兩只狗對口頭語言最敏感。 四、with復合結構
with復合結構常用來作狀語，表示伴隨、原因等，此外還可以作名詞的定語。 搭配 示例
with＋n./pron.＋adj. ①He just sat there with his mouth open. ②I suddenly saw a man with one of his eyes closed.
with＋n./pron.＋adv. ①He fell asleep with the light still on.
②With her mother away，the girl felt lonely.
with＋n./pron. ＋doing ①With so many people watching，she felt at a loss. ②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
with＋n./pron.＋done ①With the work done，they went for a swim.
②He stood for an instant with his hand raised.
with＋n./pron.＋prep.
①I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
②The old man walked with a stick in his hand.
with＋n./pron.＋to do ①With nothing to do，he slept the whole afternoon.
②With so much work to do，how can I expect some time of my own?
五、介詞的固定短語 instead of 代替
other than/apart from 除……之外
because of/thanks to/due to/owing to 由于
by accident/chance 碰巧
on/above/below average 平均而言/在平均水平以上/在平均水平以下
in surprise/detail/brief/time 吃驚地/詳細地/簡言之/及時
on time/purpose 按時/故意地
on the contrary 正相反，相反地
Brown said he was by no means annoyed；on the contrary，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 布朗說他絕不生氣，相反他很高興能讓別人清楚地了解他自己。
