2024《奪冠之路》高三一輪人教版英語(安徽專用):語法專項提升虛擬語氣 精品課件
虛擬語氣 情況 從句 的動詞 主句 的動詞 例句 與現 在事 實相反 動詞的過去式(be動詞一律用were) would/could/should/might +動詞原形 If I had time,I would attend your party. 如果我有時間,我就去參加你的宴會了。 If I saw him now,I would be very happy. 如果我現在見到他,我會很高興的。 與過 去事 實相反 had+過去 分詞 would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn,you wouldn’t have got so tired. 你當時不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開,你就不會覺得那么累了。 與將來 事實 相反 動詞的過去式;should+動詞原形;were to+動詞原形 would/could/might/should+動詞原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we would take photos. 如果明天下雪,我們就照相。 注意: (1)若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if 省略,而把were,had,should 放在主語前,形成倒裝結構,這種結構主要用于書面語中。 Had you taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會考試不及格了。 (2)有時主句和虛擬條件從句的動作發生的時間不一致,此時,主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據各自所指的不同時間選擇適當的動詞形式。 If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了,你現在就會感到很累的。(從句指過去,主句指現在) (3)有時虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達出來,而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示,此時句子的時態要依具體情況而定。 Without electricity(=If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today. 如果沒有電,今天的生活就會完全不同。 But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的幫助,那將會導致巨大的損失。 I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否則,我就和他們一起去那兒了。
1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job. A.followed
B.should follow C.had followed
D.would follow 解析: 句意為:如果他(當時)接受我的建議,就不會丟掉他的工作了。本題考查虛擬語氣。因為if條件句表示與過去事實相反,故采用過去完成時。 答案: C 2.(2011·廈門市質量檢查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I ________late yesterday. —Don’t mention it. A.should beB.would be C.will have beenD.would have been 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談論昨天的事,因此要使用情態動詞would+完成式。謝謝你提醒我時間,不然昨天我就遲到了。 答案: D 3.(2011·山東濰坊質檢)________more careful,the mistake would not have been made. A.If he is
B.Had he been C.Should he beD.If he has been 解析: 從主句中的would not have been made 可知,這是與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此從句謂語動詞用had been 的形式,又因助動詞為had時,可將if省掉,had提前,故B項正確。 答案: B
(1)在名詞性從句中,常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣,形式為:(should)+動詞原形。常這樣用的動詞有:advise 勸告,demand 要求,desire 渴望,command 命令,insist 堅持,prefer 寧愿,urge 主張,order 命令,recommend 推薦,request 要求,require 要求,suggest 建議,以及這些詞的名詞形式。 Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination. 簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了,她父母建議她做一下醫學檢查。 (2)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。 表示對現在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動詞過去式或were 表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish+主語+had+過去分詞 表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would+動詞原形 I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那時她要是聽我的話就好了。
1.(2010·福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A.not allow
B.do not allow C.mustn’t allow
D.couldn’t allow 解析: 句意為:為了安全起見,老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommend,suggest,insist,order,request,advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動詞,后接賓語從句時,賓語從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should 可以省略。 答案: A
2.(2011·山東濰坊質量抽樣)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. A.would be sentB.should send C.be sent
D.must be sent 解析: 當表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。order后的同位語從句也用虛擬語氣,故選C項。 答案: C
(1)would rather 句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。 I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening. 我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。 (2)It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虛擬語氣 在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虛擬語氣,從句中常用過去式。有時也用“should+動詞原形”,意為“該是……的時候了”。 It is time (that)we went home.我們該回家了。 (3)if only 引導的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣
在“if only”引導的感嘆句中,要求用虛擬語氣,表示愿望。用過去時或“would/could+動詞原形”表示與現在或未來事實相反的愿望;用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week! 要是上周我沒病該多好?。?1.(2010·合肥第三次教學檢測)—Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies. —Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games. A.As if
B.Even if C.If only
D.Only if 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:——爸爸,對不起,我的學習情況不太好?!叮悄悴话涯敲炊嗟臅r間浪費在網絡游戲上就好了。if only(但愿)接虛擬語氣,表示對過去情況的假設。as if好像,even if即使,only if只有,都是狀語從句的連詞,不符合語意。 答案: C
2. (2011·青島一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad. —I would rather you________at home. A.go;stay
B.went;stayed C.go;stayed
D.went;stay 解析: suggest當“建議”講時,從句中要用虛擬語氣,結構是“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時,從句中也要用虛擬語氣,根據語境此處應用過去時。 答案: C 1.(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy________. A.would have been savedB.had been saved C.will be saved
D.was saved 解析: 句意為:如果我了解這種電腦程序的話,就可以節約大量的時間和精力。本題考查虛擬語氣。如果表示與過去事實相反的話,條件句采用過去完成時態(如果省略if可采用部分倒裝結構),主句謂語動詞應采用“would+have+過去分詞”的結構,故答案為A項。 答案: A 2.(2010·陜西卷)If we________the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken 解析: 句意為:如果我們走另一條路,我們可能早就按時到會了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實相反,故if從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 答案: B 3.(2010·北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables________. A.wouldn’t dieB.didn’t die C.hadn’t diedD.wouldn’t have died 解析: 句意為:——現在天氣變得又熱又干?!前 H绻敵跸乱稽c雨,現在情況也會好很多!我的蔬菜也就不會死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中If引導的從句為過去完成時,是對過去事情的虛擬,主句卻是would do,對現在事實的虛擬,此為干擾部分,考生須分析清楚句意,空格處表示蔬菜都死了,是過去的事實,在對過去的事實進行虛擬,故選擇D項。 答案: D 4.(2009·福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher,I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win
D.would have won 解析: 本題考查虛擬語氣用法。句意為:要沒有我英語老師的幫助,我不會在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法,根據句意,可知主句應該使用否定式,而本句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故答案為B項。 答案: B
5. (2009·浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal. A.wouldn’t
B.couldn’t C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 解析: 句意為:醫生建議你不應該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞為“(should)+do”,故選D。 答案: D
6. (2009·安徽卷)But for their help,we________the program in time. A.can not finish
B.will not finish C.had not finished
D.could not have finished 解析: 句意為:如果不是他們的幫助,我們就不能及時完成這個項目。根據句意,選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。 答案: D 7. (2009·天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break
down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense. A.would
B.should C.could
D.might 解析: 句意為:這臺打印機質量很好。如果第一年使用壞了,我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時間的條件句有三種,就此句而言,應為:If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 答案: B
8. (2007·全國卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race. A.If
B.Since C.Though
D.When 解析: 考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。從句用if...had done,主句用...would/could have done...。 答案: A
9. (2007·山東卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. A.had got
B.got C.have gotD.get 解析: 本題考查混合虛擬語氣。本題前面部分是事實,后半句是虛擬語氣。 答案: B
10. (2007·全國卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday. A.was happeningB.happens C.has happenedD.happened 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。由as if引導的從句通常用虛擬語氣,再結合前面的remembers可知與現在事實相反,因此用一般過去時。 答案: D 練規范、練技能、練速度
虛擬語氣 情況 從句 的動詞 主句 的動詞 例句 與現 在事 實相反 動詞的過去式(be動詞一律用were) would/could/should/might +動詞原形 If I had time,I would attend your party. 如果我有時間,我就去參加你的宴會了。 If I saw him now,I would be very happy. 如果我現在見到他,我會很高興的。 與過 去事 實相反 had+過去 分詞 would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn,you wouldn’t have got so tired. 你當時不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開,你就不會覺得那么累了。 與將來 事實 相反 動詞的過去式;should+動詞原形;were to+動詞原形 would/could/might/should+動詞原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we would take photos. 如果明天下雪,我們就照相。 注意: (1)若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if 省略,而把were,had,should 放在主語前,形成倒裝結構,這種結構主要用于書面語中。 Had you taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會考試不及格了。 (2)有時主句和虛擬條件從句的動作發生的時間不一致,此時,主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據各自所指的不同時間選擇適當的動詞形式。 If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了,你現在就會感到很累的。(從句指過去,主句指現在) (3)有時虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達出來,而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示,此時句子的時態要依具體情況而定。 Without electricity(=If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today. 如果沒有電,今天的生活就會完全不同。 But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的幫助,那將會導致巨大的損失。 I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否則,我就和他們一起去那兒了。
1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job. A.followed
B.should follow C.had followed
D.would follow 解析: 句意為:如果他(當時)接受我的建議,就不會丟掉他的工作了。本題考查虛擬語氣。因為if條件句表示與過去事實相反,故采用過去完成時。 答案: C 2.(2011·廈門市質量檢查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I ________late yesterday. —Don’t mention it. A.should beB.would be C.will have beenD.would have been 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談論昨天的事,因此要使用情態動詞would+完成式。謝謝你提醒我時間,不然昨天我就遲到了。 答案: D 3.(2011·山東濰坊質檢)________more careful,the mistake would not have been made. A.If he is
B.Had he been C.Should he beD.If he has been 解析: 從主句中的would not have been made 可知,這是與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此從句謂語動詞用had been 的形式,又因助動詞為had時,可將if省掉,had提前,故B項正確。 答案: B
(1)在名詞性從句中,常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣,形式為:(should)+動詞原形。常這樣用的動詞有:advise 勸告,demand 要求,desire 渴望,command 命令,insist 堅持,prefer 寧愿,urge 主張,order 命令,recommend 推薦,request 要求,require 要求,suggest 建議,以及這些詞的名詞形式。 Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination. 簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了,她父母建議她做一下醫學檢查。 (2)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。 表示對現在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動詞過去式或were 表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish+主語+had+過去分詞 表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would+動詞原形 I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那時她要是聽我的話就好了。
1.(2010·福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A.not allow
B.do not allow C.mustn’t allow
D.couldn’t allow 解析: 句意為:為了安全起見,老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommend,suggest,insist,order,request,advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動詞,后接賓語從句時,賓語從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should 可以省略。 答案: A
2.(2011·山東濰坊質量抽樣)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. A.would be sentB.should send C.be sent
D.must be sent 解析: 當表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。order后的同位語從句也用虛擬語氣,故選C項。 答案: C
(1)would rather 句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。 I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening. 我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。 (2)It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虛擬語氣 在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虛擬語氣,從句中常用過去式。有時也用“should+動詞原形”,意為“該是……的時候了”。 It is time (that)we went home.我們該回家了。 (3)if only 引導的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣
在“if only”引導的感嘆句中,要求用虛擬語氣,表示愿望。用過去時或“would/could+動詞原形”表示與現在或未來事實相反的愿望;用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week! 要是上周我沒病該多好啊! 1.(2010·合肥第三次教學檢測)—Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies. —Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games. A.As if
B.Even if C.If only
D.Only if 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:——爸爸,對不起,我的學習情況不太好?!?,要是你不把那么多的時間浪費在網絡游戲上就好了。if only(但愿)接虛擬語氣,表示對過去情況的假設。as if好像,even if即使,only if只有,都是狀語從句的連詞,不符合語意。 答案: C
2. (2011·青島一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad. —I would rather you________at home. A.go;stay
B.went;stayed C.go;stayed
D.went;stay 解析: suggest當“建議”講時,從句中要用虛擬語氣,結構是“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時,從句中也要用虛擬語氣,根據語境此處應用過去時。 答案: C 1.(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy________. A.would have been savedB.had been saved C.will be saved
D.was saved 解析: 句意為:如果我了解這種電腦程序的話,就可以節約大量的時間和精力。本題考查虛擬語氣。如果表示與過去事實相反的話,條件句采用過去完成時態(如果省略if可采用部分倒裝結構),主句謂語動詞應采用“would+have+過去分詞”的結構,故答案為A項。 答案: A 2.(2010·陜西卷)If we________the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken 解析: 句意為:如果我們走另一條路,我們可能早就按時到會了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實相反,故if從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 答案: B 3.(2010·北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables________. A.wouldn’t dieB.didn’t die C.hadn’t diedD.wouldn’t have died 解析: 句意為:——現在天氣變得又熱又干。——是啊。如果當初下一點雨,現在情況也會好很多!我的蔬菜也就不會死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中If引導的從句為過去完成時,是對過去事情的虛擬,主句卻是would do,對現在事實的虛擬,此為干擾部分,考生須分析清楚句意,空格處表示蔬菜都死了,是過去的事實,在對過去的事實進行虛擬,故選擇D項。 答案: D 4.(2009·福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher,I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win
D.would have won 解析: 本題考查虛擬語氣用法。句意為:要沒有我英語老師的幫助,我不會在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法,根據句意,可知主句應該使用否定式,而本句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故答案為B項。 答案: B
5. (2009·浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal. A.wouldn’t
B.couldn’t C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 解析: 句意為:醫生建議你不應該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞為“(should)+do”,故選D。 答案: D
6. (2009·安徽卷)But for their help,we________the program in time. A.can not finish
B.will not finish C.had not finished
D.could not have finished 解析: 句意為:如果不是他們的幫助,我們就不能及時完成這個項目。根據句意,選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。 答案: D 7. (2009·天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break
down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense. A.would
B.should C.could
D.might 解析: 句意為:這臺打印機質量很好。如果第一年使用壞了,我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時間的條件句有三種,就此句而言,應為:If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 答案: B
8. (2007·全國卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race. A.If
B.Since C.Though
D.When 解析: 考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。從句用if...had done,主句用...would/could have done...。 答案: A
9. (2007·山東卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. A.had got
B.got C.have gotD.get 解析: 本題考查混合虛擬語氣。本題前面部分是事實,后半句是虛擬語氣。 答案: B
10. (2007·全國卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday. A.was happeningB.happens C.has happenedD.happened 解析: 考查虛擬語氣。由as if引導的從句通常用虛擬語氣,再結合前面的remembers可知與現在事實相反,因此用一般過去時。 答案: D 練規范、練技能、練速度