高考英語復(fù)習(xí)完形填空：考點(diǎn)解析議論文10

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　　完形填空題型一突破(三)——議論文

　　1．議論型完形填空的特點(diǎn)

　　(1)議論形式的完形填空一般是直接提出論點(diǎn),通過論據(jù)論證,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一個(gè)話題供大家討論。→分析問題→解決問題的過程。(3)英語議論文不僅需要說明自己的觀點(diǎn),而且還要讓讀者接受自己的觀點(diǎn),因此,在詞語表達(dá)上除了客觀之外,還比較注重委婉。常用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might,would,should等。為了辯證推理的條理性和邏輯性,往往較多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等過渡詞和連接詞。

　　2．議論型完形填空的備考策略

　　(1)遵循“首句”原則

　　對(duì)于議論文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情況下,抓好每段的首句是做好試題的基本原則之一。有一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,英語議論文有60%～90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牽住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不難了。

　　(2)理清論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論

　　議論型完形填空與記敘型完形填空相比,議論型完形填空稍微難做。一般的記敘文是按時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行描述的,我們只要把握事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的過程,就能將情景掌握好。然而議論文形式的完形填空就不這么簡(jiǎn)單了,如果我們對(duì)哪是論點(diǎn)、哪是論據(jù)、哪是結(jié)論都不清楚,只是莽撞地選擇答案,其結(jié)果可想而知。所以理清論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論是做好議論型完形填空的關(guān)鍵。

　　(3)“三論”結(jié)合驗(yàn)證答案

　　一般來說,能說明論據(jù)主要內(nèi)容的答案可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證,而論點(diǎn)里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,使論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成相輔相成的關(guān)系,因而整個(gè)文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾,論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)相悖,最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)相矛盾,那就說明我們對(duì)于文章的把握欠條理和系統(tǒng),我們就要重新回過頭來理順文章的各個(gè)部分,直到清楚為止,然后再依據(jù)自己對(duì)全文的掌握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。

　　(2010·衡陽(yáng)一次月考)

　　In our life,we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the ones who’dact on it.Saying thanks is such an easy way to 　3　 the world’s happiness.

　　Saying thanks not only 　4　 someone else’s world,but brightens yours.If you’re feeling left out,unloved or unappreciated,try reaching out to others.It may be just the 　5　 you need.

　　Of course,there are times when you can’t express gratitude 　6　.In that case don’t let embarrassment sink you into silence—speak up the first time you have the chance.

　　Once a young minister,Mark Brian,was sent to a 　7　 town of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia.The Indians,he had been told,did not have a 　8　 for thankyou.But Brian soon found that these people had special generosity.Instead of saying thanks,it is their custom to return every favor with a favor of their own,and every kindness with an equal or superior　9　.They do their thanks.

　　I wonder if we had words in our vocabulary for thankyou.Would we do a better job of

　　　10　 our gratitude？Would we be more responsive,more sensitive,more caring?

　　Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that

　　people all around us—including ourselves.For no one ever misunderstands the tune of a grateful heart.Its message is universal；its words go beyond all earthly barriers；its music

　　the heavens.

　　1．A.requirements

　　B．a(chǎn)nniversariesC．celebrations

　　D．congratulations

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查概括和推理。由首句可知,在生活中,我們很少向那些和我們一起生活許多年的人表達(dá)感激之情。此處表示事實(shí)上我們不必非要等到周年紀(jì)念日時(shí)才向他們表示謝意。anniversary周年紀(jì)念日；requirement需要,需求；celebration慶祝；congratulations賀詞。只有anniversary符合句意。

　　2．A.While

　　B．Since C．Although

　　D．Despite

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查語境。句意為：在你的感激之情活躍而真誠(chéng)時(shí),把它表達(dá)出來吧。while在……時(shí)候；since既然,因?yàn)?用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；although雖然,盡管,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；despite介詞,意思是“不管,盡管”,故應(yīng)選while。

　　3．A.add up to B．a(chǎn)dd toC．make up

　　D．look for

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查動(dòng)詞短語。add to增加；add up to總計(jì)；make up虛構(gòu)；補(bǔ)足；look for尋找。此處不定式短語作定語,只有add to合適,表示“說出感謝是增加快樂的如此簡(jiǎn)單的方式”。

　　4．A.widens

　　B．strengthensC．clears

　　D．brightens

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查動(dòng)詞和上下文照應(yīng)。此處是一個(gè)并列句,后一句省略了also,故前一句中也要使用brightens。句意為：表達(dá)感謝不僅能照亮別人的世界,而且也能照亮你的世界。widen(使)變寬；strengthen加強(qiáng),鞏固；clear掃除,清除,結(jié)合句意和上下句的結(jié)構(gòu)可以排除這三項(xiàng)。

　　5．A.requirement

　　B．orderC．medicine D．encouragement

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查語境。根據(jù)上下文可知,如果你感到你被冷落,向其他人表示你對(duì)他們感興趣,這或許正是你需要的“良藥”。medicine良藥,有效的東西,可以比喻為解決問題的方法,符合句意。requirement需求,要求；order命令；順序；encouragement鼓勵(lì),都與句意不符。

　　6．A.safely B．immediatelyC．carefullyD．rightly

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查副詞和上下文照應(yīng)。結(jié)合下句中的“有機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候把它大聲說出來”可知,此處意為“有些時(shí)候你不能馬上表達(dá)自己的感激之情”。safely安全地；immediately立即,馬上；carefully小心地,謹(jǐn)慎地；rightly正確地。結(jié)合詞義和語境可知,答案為immediately。

　　7．A.remote B．nearby C．crowded

　　D．poor

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查行文邏輯。結(jié)合上下文的意思及其提到的“印第安人”可知,Mark Brian應(yīng)是到了一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的、偏僻的小鎮(zhèn),故用remote遙遠(yuǎn)的,偏僻的。nearby附近的；crowded擁擠的；poor貧窮的,文中均沒有涉及。

　　8．A.purpose B．desire

　　C．word

　　D．heart

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查行文邏輯。結(jié)合下一句的轉(zhuǎn)折可知,印第安人不用語言來表示感謝,而是以自己的行動(dòng)體現(xiàn)出來,并非沒有感激之意,所以不能說他們沒有這種意圖(purpose)或欲望(desire),同樣heart也錯(cuò)誤。have a word for表示“說……”。

　　9．A.kindness B．manner

　　C．rewardD．value

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查平行關(guān)系。結(jié)合前文的“every favor with a favor of their own”可知,此處應(yīng)用kindness,意為“友好的行為,好事”。manner方法,態(tài)度；reward報(bào)酬,獎(jiǎng)賞；value價(jià)值。

　　10．A.communicating

　　B．connectingC．convincing

　　D．copying

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合上下文語境,此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)是“傳遞,表達(dá)”謝意。Communicate傳達(dá),傳遞。連接(connect)、說服(convince)和復(fù)制(copy)都不符合文意。

　　11．A.treats B．translatesC．transports D．transforms

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查動(dòng)詞。set sth.in motion使(某物)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),開動(dòng)(機(jī)器)等,使(程序等)開始。本句話的意思是“感謝會(huì)產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng),而這會(huì)改變我們周圍的人,包括我們自己”transform改變,符合句意和邏輯。

　　12．A.covers

　　B．excitesC．touches D．decorates

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查動(dòng)詞。cover覆蓋；touch感動(dòng)；excite使激動(dòng),使興奮；decorate裝飾。結(jié)合語境,此處應(yīng)用touch。句意為：它的音樂可以感動(dòng)上天。2

　　The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must　1　

　　sixty hours of service learning,or they will not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.　2　of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.

　　　3　a service experience,students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a report about what they have learned.

　　Supporters claim that there are many　4　of service learning.Perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 　5　 their own interests and become aware of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn real-life skills that 　6　 responsibility,problem-solving,

　　and working as part of a team.Finally,students can explore possible careers 　7　 service learning.For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.

　　　8　 there are many benefits,opponents (反對(duì)者) point out problems with the new requirement.First,they argue that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend

　　time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 　10　 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.

　　In my view,service learning is a great way to 　11　 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers.However,I don’t believe you should force people to help others—the desire to help must come from the heart.I think the best 　12　 is one that gives students choices：a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely.

　　1．A.spend

　　B．gain

　　C．complete

　　D．save

　　答案　C

　　解析　此空要求選擇一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,而且其賓語是service learning,不是sixty hours。sixty hours在句中作的是定語,根據(jù)搭配和句意可知此題應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng),意思是完成60小時(shí)的服務(wù)性活動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)。本題易誤選A項(xiàng),但spend作“花費(fèi)”講時(shí),其賓語是表示時(shí)間和金錢的名詞,所以它是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　2．A.Subjects

　　B．Ideas C．ProceduresD．Examples

　　答案　D

　　解析　根據(jù)下文include后的內(nèi)容可知此處應(yīng)該選examples。subjects科目；主題；ideas主意,想法；procedures程序,步驟,均不合題意。

　　3．A.With B．BeforeC．DuringD．After

　　答案　C

　　解析　在活動(dòng)期間學(xué)生要寫日志,然后再寫報(bào)告。所以此處用during,意為“在……期間”。

　　4．A.courses

　　B．benefits

　　C．challenges

　　D．features

　　答案　B

　　解析　從上下文可以看出此處說的是支持者認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有許多“益處”。

　　5．A.beyond

　　B．a(chǎn)bout C．over D．in

　　答案　A

　　解析　最重要的好處是強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生不僅僅考慮自己,還要考慮他人的需要。beyond their own interests意為“超越他們自己的利益”。

　　6．A.possess B．a(chǎn)pply

　　C．includeD．develop

　　答案　C

　　解析　下文緊接著舉了三個(gè)例子,所以此空用include,其詞義是“包括”。

　　7．A.through

　　B．a(chǎn)cross

　　C．of D．on

　　答案　A

　　解析　through意為“通過……”,符合句意。

　　8．A.So

　　B．Thus

　　C．Since D．While

　　答案　D

　　解析　因?yàn)橄挛奶岬降氖欠磳?duì)者的觀點(diǎn),所以用while雖然,然而,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

　　9．A.much B．full

　　C．less

　　D．more

　　答案　C

　　解析　service learning占用了時(shí)間所以學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間就減少了。故此處用less。

　　10．A.cost

　　B．pay C．care D．praise

　　答案　B

　　解析　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知此處應(yīng)該選pay。句意為：第二,他們認(rèn)為強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生工作而不付給報(bào)酬是違反法律的。

　　11．A.contribute

　　B．a(chǎn)ppealC．a(chǎn)ttend D．belong

　　答案　A

　　解析　從下文可知作者首先承認(rèn)了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)對(duì)社區(qū)的貢獻(xiàn),所以此處用contribute。

　　12．A.decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

　　答案　C

　　解析　從下文可知這是一個(gè)解決問題的方法,所以用solution。decision決定,決心；purpose目的,意圖；result結(jié)果。3

　　There is an English saying：Laughter is the best medicine.Until recently,few people took the saying .Now,however,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the 　2　 it has on the human body.They have found that laughter really can 　3　 people’s health.

　　Tests were 　4　 to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films

　　　5　 doctors checked their heart beat,blood pressure,breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to 　6　 exercise.It increases blood pressure,the heart beat and breathing；it also

　　several groups of muscles in the face,the stomach,and even the feet.If laughter exercises the body,it must be beneficial.

　　Other tests have shown that laugher appears to be able to 　8　 the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that 　9　 the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both 　10　 and pain.

　　As a result of these discoveries,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics,in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by 　11　 them to laugh.They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing,making them smile is enough to produce 　12　 effects similar to those caused by laughter.

　　1．A.seriously

　　B．truly

　　C．sincerely

　　D．commonly

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查語境理解。依據(jù)下文可知,這里表示很少有人去認(rèn)真地看待這個(gè)諺語。

　　2．A.harm B．strength C．effect D．good

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查固定搭配。“it has on the human body”為省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句。have an effect on意為“對(duì)……有影響”,固定搭配。effect在此處作賓語從句的先行詞。故答案選C。

　　3．A.help B．improve C．increase

　　D．damage

　　答案　B