2024屆高三英語一輪復習課時作業49：語法專練九之情態動詞和虛擬語氣
高考真題
1．(2011·全國Ⅰ)They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
[解析]句意：他們本應該午餐時間到達，可是他們的飛機晚點了。can 用在疑問句和否定句中，意為：可能；must have done 表示推測，意為：一定做過；should have done 表示(過去)本應該做而沒做。根據句意可知答案為D項。
[答案]D
2．(2011·全國Ⅱ)If you ________ smoke, please go outside.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
[解析]句意：如果你非要抽煙，請到外面去。must 用于條件句，表示“非要，偏要”。其他三項均不符合語境。
[答案]C
3．(2011·天津)I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
[解析]句意：我不知道他們一直在等我，否則，我就會早點來了。根據 but 后面內容可知設空處表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，其主句謂語動詞形式：would/should/could/might have done。故答案為D項。
[答案]D
4．(2011·江西)It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. won't
D. needn't
[解析]句意：門外不可能是郵遞員。現在才六點。A：不可以，禁止；B：不可能；C：不愿意；D：不必。根據句意可知答案為B項。
[答案]B
5．(2011·陜西)I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn't have gone
B. didn't go
C. wouldn't go
D. hadn't gone
[解析]句意：如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話，我不可能熬過那段艱苦的日子。本題考查虛擬語氣。without your generous help 相當于含蓄條件句If it hadn't been your generous help，此處表示與過去事實相反，所以主句部分采用 couldn't have done 結構，表示“本不可能”，故選擇A項。
[答案]A
6．(2011·陜西)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
[解析]句意：——媽媽，給我講個故事好嗎？——好，如果你盡快上床睡覺，我就給你講一個。shall 在此處表示“允諾”，故選擇D項。
[答案]D
7．(2011·北京)—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
[解析]句意：——我真的不喜歡 James。為什么你邀請他？——別擔心。他可能來不了。他說他還不能確定他的計劃是什么。must not 表示禁止；need not 表示不必；would not 表示不會；might not 表示可能不。根據句意答案為D項。
[答案]D
8．(2011·北京)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________ always late.
A. weren't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
[解析]句意：——孩子們都到哪里去了？宴會就要被他們徹底破壞了。——我希望他們不要總是遲到。本題考查虛擬語氣。wish 后跟 that 從句，從句部分采用虛擬語氣，與現在事實相反的用一般過去時，與過去時相反的用過去完成時。本題表示與現在事實相反，所以用一般過去時，故正確答案為A項。
[答案]A
9．(2011·北京)Maybe if I ________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
[解析]句意：也許如果當時我學習的是理科而不是文科的話，那么我(現在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據 then 一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實相反，故 if 引導的從句部分用 had done，故選C。
[答案]C
10．(2011·福建)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ________， in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
[解析]句意：——我該馬上通知他日程改了嗎？——我想你必須(通知他)，以免他開會遲到。must 必須；will 愿意，將要；may 可以；can 能夠。根據句意可知，正確答案為B項。
[答案]B
11．(2011·福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
[解析]句意：——很可惜你錯過了這次有關核污染的演講。——我本來要參加，但(那時)忙于準備工作面試。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據 but 后面的內容可知，設空處表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以正確答案為D項。
[答案]D
12．(2011·浙江)—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should
B. might
C. mustn't
D. couldn't
[解析]句意：——你家的新保姆怎么樣？——我們再不可能找到比這個更好的保姆了。所有的孩子都非常喜歡她。should 應當；might 也許；mustn't 禁止，不允許；couldn't 不可能。couldn't ask for a better one 意為“找不到更好的”，也就是“是最好的”，符合句意。
[答案]D
13．(2011·江蘇)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
[解析]句意：——我把手提包落在火車上了，不過，幸運的是，有人把它交給了乘警。——把包拿回來是多么不可思議啊！我的意思是，有人可能偷了你的包。本題考查情態動詞的用法。will have stolen 為將來完成時，而此事已經過去，故被排除。might have stolen 可能已經偷了，符合語境，故答案為B項。should have stolen 表示本應該偷而事實上卻沒有；must have stolen 表示肯定偷了，均不符合句意。
[答案]B
14．(2011·湖南)—No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. might
[解析]句意：——在打籃球方面沒有人能夠和姚明相比。——哦，你真是他的超級粉絲。根據語境可知空格處應填 can，表示“可以，能夠”，故選A項。
[答案]A
15．(2011·遼寧)If you ________ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
[解析]句意：如果你偏要走，至少要等到暴風雨停了。If you must do sth. 為固定用法，意為：如果你偏要做某事。can 用于肯定句表示理論上的可能或表示能力；may 可以，可能；will 愿意。
[答案]C
16．(2011·重慶)—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mum simply ________ not let me out so late at night.
A. could
B. might
C. would
D. should
[解析]句意：——為什么你昨天晚上沒來參加西蒙的聚會？——我想來參加的，但我媽媽根本不愿讓我那么晚出來。would 表示“愿意”；A：能力或可能；B：可能；D：應該。
[答案]C
17．(2011·四川)The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they ________.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. should
[解析]句意：警察還沒有找到那個失蹤的小孩，但是他們在做自己能做的一切。從語境看，這里用 do all they can 表示“做他們能夠做的一切”，用 can 表示“可以，能夠”。
[答案]A
18．(2011·上海)I ________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. daren't
D. needn't
[解析]句意：我不必擔心我的周末——我總是在周末來臨之前就計劃好了。根據下文可知D項“沒有必要”符合語境。A：不能，不可能；B：禁止；C：不敢。
[答案]D
19．(2010·全國Ⅰ)Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can't
B. needn't
C. may not
D. will not
[解析]句意：耐心點。你不能指望這個世界變得如此之快。這里用 can't 表示“不能，不可以，不可能”。needn't 沒有必要；may not 可能不；will not 將不，都不符合句意。
[答案]A
20．(2010·山東)I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn't
B. needn't
C. couldn't
D. mustn't
[解析]句意：我本不應該去看那部電影——它會使我做噩夢的。shouldn't have done 本不該做，但是做了；needn't have done 本沒必要做，但是做了；couldn't have done 不可能做了某事。無 mustn't have done 結構。根據題干所提供信息應選A項。
[答案]A
21．(2010·天津)Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. couldn't
[解析]句意：Mark 本不必那么匆忙。他極速行駛，最后早到了半個小時。needn't have done 表示過去不必要做的事情卻做了。couldn't have done 表示過去不可能做了(某事)；wouldn't have done 用在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中；mustn't 表禁止，不用在此結構中。
[答案]A
22．(2010·天津)—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
[解析]句意：——約翰自己去醫院了。——要是他(事先)告訴我，我就跟他去了。本題考查虛擬語氣的 if 條件句的時態。根據第一句謂語動詞 went，可知第二句的主從句為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故 if 從句謂語動詞要用 had told。
[答案]D
23．(2010·上海)—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, you ________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
[解析]句意：——對不起，史密斯教授，昨天我沒有完成作業。——哦，你本應該完成的，因為昨天是最后的期限。四個選項中B項不能與 have done 連用，故排除； must have done 意為“肯定做了……”，表推測，說明說話人對所推測的事情把握較大，如：It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet now.昨天夜里肯定下雨了，因為地面現在是濕的。should have done 本應該做……(實際上沒做……)；shouldn't have done 本不應該做……(實際上做了……)。由語境可知C項正確。
[答案]C
24．(2010·北京)—Good morning, I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You ________ be Mrs Peters.
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. can
[解析]句意：——早上好，我和人事部的 Smith 小姐有約。——啊呀，早上好。那您一定是 Peters 女士。本題考查情態動詞表推測的用法。根據題干可以判斷說話人對所推斷的情況很肯定，故選擇B項。
[答案]B
25．(2010·北京)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
[解析]句意：——現在天氣變得又熱又干。——是啊。如果當初下一點雨，現在情況也會好很多！我的蔬菜也就不會死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中 If 引導的從句為過去完成時，是對過去事情的虛擬，主句卻是 would do，對現在事實的虛擬，此為干擾部分，考生須分析清楚句意，空格處表示蔬菜都死了，是過去的事實，在對過去的事實進行虛擬，故選擇D項。
[答案]D
26．(2010·江蘇)—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry. You ________ have it by Friday.
A. could
B. shall
C. must
D. may
[解析]句意：——我至今還沒有拿到參考書，但是下個月這個學科就要測試了。——別擔心。周五之前你一定會有的。本題考查情態動詞。shall 用于第二人稱表示允諾、要求、命令、威脅等語氣，根據句意可知此處表示允諾的語氣，故答案為B。could 能，能夠；must 必須；may 也許，均不符合語境，可排除。
[答案]B
27．(2010·陜西)If we ________ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
[解析]句意：如果我們走另一條路，我們可能早就按時到會了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據句意及后邊主句謂語 might have arrived 可知 if 從句表示與過去事實相反，故 if 從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。
[答案]B
28．(2010·陜西)—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you ________. You read it in here.
A. mightn't
B. won't
C. needn't
D. mustn't
[解析]句意：——我可以把這本書帶出閱覽室嗎？——不行，絕對不可以。你(只能)在這里閱讀。mightn't 可能不；will 表意愿或決心；needn't 不必；mustn't 用于說話者不讓某人做某事，語氣強烈：絕對不可以。例如：You mustn't leave the gate open.你不要敞著大門。
[答案]D
29．(2010·江西)I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Will
[解析]句意：我已經告訴你實情了。非要我一遍遍重復嗎？must 表示對方的行為使說話人不滿或懊惱，意為“偏要”。can，may 用在句首表請求或疑問。
