高考英語易錯題解題方法大全（三）：閱讀理解
高考英語易錯題解題方法大全：閱讀理解
【示例1】
Edward Wilson is America’s, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world’s natural resources (資源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity (生物多樣性) of our earth.
Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (環境) protection Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clean: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future?
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物種) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering
the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas.
72. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about
.
A. the environment for plants
B. the biodiversity of our earth
C. the waste of natural resources
D. the importance of human values
73.How many species are most important to our present food supply?
A. Twenty.
B. Eighty
C. One hundred.
D. Ten thousand.
74.Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to
.
A. learn how to farm scientifically
B. build homes for some dying species
C. make it clear what to eat
D. use more species for food
75.We can infer that the text is
.
A. a description of natural resources
B. a research report
C. a book review
D. an introduction to a scientist
參考答案及解析
72.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有抓住文章的重點,以次代主,以點代面.
【解題指導】 本題屬于判斷推理題. 這類題要求學生在理解文章中直接陳述的觀點或描述的事實基礎上，領悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的結論，即作者沒有在文章中明說的。要得出正確的推理僅以閱讀材料為前題還不夠，還必須結合自己應有的常識。本題的關鍵提示信息在第三段中的第一句話.
【答案】本題的正確選項為B.
73.【錯解分析】典型錯誤D.錯因分析是學生審題不細.
【解題指導】本題是細節理解題.學生們在做此類試題時,可以采用查讀法,即帶著問題尋找答案,同時要注意審題.
【答案】本題的正確選項為A.
74.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析信息錯位,釋意不清.
【解題指導】本題是細節理解題.屬于間接辨認題,要正確地理解文章中具體信息的含義,并用同義或是近義的形式復述出來.本題的選項依據為第三段的最后一句話.
【答案】本題的正確選項為D.
75.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析關鍵信息沒有抓住,以點代面.
【解題指導】本題是推理判斷題.推理判斷要根據文章中的信息來判斷,不能依據自己的主觀判斷,也不能以點代面.本題推斷依據為文章開始部分的The Future of Life一書的基本內容,然后重點談及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根據文章最后一段,由此可以判斷出本題選C項.
【答案】本題的正確選項為C.
【練習1】
WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠軍) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.
Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.
Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理穩定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."
Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.
"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2024.
Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress."
1. According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.
A. only one
B. two
C. three
D. four
2. From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.
A. his technical skills
B. his physical training
C. his mental toughness
D. his past experience
3. What is the next goal of Wang Hao?
A. To win the title of the champion at the 2024 Olympics
B. To beat Wang Liqin again
C. To prove himself in the future competitions
D. To win more golds in future
4. What can we learn from Wang Hao?
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Never give up until you succeed.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
參考答案及解析：
1.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有全面地閱讀文章，以點代面了。
【解題指導】細節理解題根據文章第一段和第二段可知。細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的第一句話可知。細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2024.”可知。推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段可知。Dear Hamilton,
We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.
You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬禮）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.
It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.
This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.
Thank you for understanding.
63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.
A. money
B. suggestions
C. reports
D. understanding
64. Hamilton is expected to _______.
A. show more kindness.
B. discontinue the present practice
C. quit being the organizer for gift giving
D. know more about co-workers’ families
65. This is basically a letter of ________.
A. apology
B. sympathy
C. appreciation
D. dissatisfaction
參考答案
63.【錯解分析】典型錯誤D.錯因分析釋不達意，胡亂猜測.
【解題指導】本題考查詞義猜測.對于詞義的猜測可以有許多的方法,常見的方法是根據上下文所舉例子來猜測.本題就是根據文中的In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬禮）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.”禮金,份子”.
【答案】本題的正確選項為A.
64.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A. 錯因分析 無視主題，以點帶面.
【解題指導】本題考查細節推測題.對于細節推測的理解要以文章的中心為依據并根據文章中的具體信息來推測,做到有根據的選答案,并且信息點一定要找準,防止張冠李戴.本題選擇依據為倒數第二段中的” but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.”
【答案】本題的正確選項為B.
65.【錯解分析】典型錯誤C. 錯因分析 無視主題，以點帶面.
【解題指導】本題考查主旨大意. 這類問題屬于全局性問題。要做好這類問題必須找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在閱讀材料的開頭和結尾，放在觀點性、歸納性和概括性的句子上，放在被許多句子說明和證實的句子上。并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信號詞”引導的句子。本題的答案依據為feels improper in today’s office setting.,以及最后一句話,因此答案為D項.
【答案】本題的正確選項為D.
【練習2】
Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.
????Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.
????People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.
????It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.
1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about solar energy
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. learn the situation that solar energy is used
D. invite the readers to answer them
2. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.
A. the reason why people are moving into Solar City
B. how the people are living in Solar City
C. the things that people living in Solar City need
D. the life experience from the people living in Solar City
3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. Japan is a country which is lacking in energy
B. the solar panels are only useful in sunny days
C. the Solar City program will be successful
D. Solar City is a very modern big city
參考答案及解析：
1．【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析：信息錯位，張冠李戴。題干是考查文章開頭的寫作目的，而非全篇的寫作目的。
【解題指導】寫作目的題。作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡單介紹與主題有關的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題,故選B。主旨大意題。從本段來看，第一句話說出，生活在太陽城使用太陽電池板省錢。第二句話說出了，生活在太陽城不僅是為了省錢，還為了太陽電池板。因此，可知答案為A。推理判斷題。根據文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此項目的目的達到了。因此，C項正確。D項，可根據文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City并不是一個大城市。A、B兩項是文中的事實，而非推理。簡單推理復雜推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實為依據進行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實，即可結合常識推斷出合理的結論。不但要以文字為依據，而且還要以文章的語境、內涵為前提。這是一種間接而復雜的邏輯推理方式。考生要推斷出文章沒有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。????
People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here, people are learning on?climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.
???
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保護帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(繩索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
??? Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
64. What can we infer from the passage?
??
A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.
??
B. It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.
??
C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.
D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.
65. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.
??
A. to tie ropes to your??????????? ???
?B. to control your fear
C. to move away from the wall????????
D. to climb straight up
66. The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A. settlement??????????
B. exercise??????
C. excitement???????
D. tiredness
67. Why does the author write this passage?
??
A. To tell people where to find gyms.??????
B. To prove the basic need for climbing
??
C. To encourage people to climb mountains.?? D. introduce the sport of wall climbing
參考答案及解析：
64.【錯解分析】典型錯誤D.錯因分析片面理解，沒有從全文的角度去看問題。
【解題指導】推理判斷題. 在解答推理性問題時，應清楚所要解答的問題是針對某個細節進行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進行推斷。” It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear.”可知答案.細節理解題可通過查讀法進行理解，是高考閱讀題中較簡單的題型，但是答案的依據一定要忠實于原文。
