2024年高考英語試題分項(xiàng)版解析Ⅰ專題08 非謂語動(dòng)詞（教師版）
非謂語動(dòng)詞在高考中的考查重點(diǎn)：1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；
7.v-ing分詞名詞性功能；
8.v-ing分詞形容詞性功能；
9.v-ing分詞副詞性功能；
10.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別；
11.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)別；
12.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別解題的方法：
作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，句子的賓語或主語是其邏輯主語。
在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語之間是主謂還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
第三步：分析時(shí)態(tài)
根據(jù)非謂語自帶的時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)間或根據(jù)上下文的語境確定時(shí)間。
1.(2024課標(biāo)卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather
.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
2.(2024卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_
such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to C. compare to
D. compared to
3.(2024大綱卷)10.Tony lent me the money, __________that I’ d do as much for him .
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意：Tony借給我這筆錢，希望我加倍還他。
.(2024大綱卷)15.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _______anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式短語作原因狀語。句意：那位老大爺每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，非常開心地觀看即將上映的任何節(jié)目。“happy ____anything that happened to be on.”作目的狀語。
.(2024北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。“tin”與“use”存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。句意：小心使用的話，金屬罐兒可以用六周。
.(2024卷)32.Bird's singing is warning to other birds _______ away.
A. to stay???????
B. staying???????
C. stayed???????
D. Stay
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。不定式用作目的狀語。句意：鳥叫是為了警告其他的鳥遠(yuǎn)離他們。
.(2024上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed
into the sports club.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allow sb. to do sth.
be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.句意：杰克因?yàn)榘褧?huì)員卡忘在家里了，所以他沒有被允許進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。
.(2024上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble
_ the right things to say.
A. thinking of
B. to think of
C. thought of
D. think of
.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。have trouble(in)doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：大庭廣眾之下講話，皮特總是要搜腸括肚想想該說的事。
.(2024上海卷)36.The club, _
_ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的這家俱樂部正在為新老會(huì)員舉行晚會(huì)。
.(2024上海卷)39."Genius" is a complicated concept, _
_ many different factors.
A. involved
B. involving
,
C. to involve
D. being involved
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。concept與involve是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作非限制性定語。“天才”是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的概念，涉及了許多不同的因素。
.(2024重慶卷)23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
.(2024重慶卷)28.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
.(2024安徽卷)24.I remembered
the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。ACD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。只有B選項(xiàng)表示尚未做。句意：我記得離開辦公室前要鎖門的，但是卻忘記了要關(guān)燈。remember doing=remember having dong=remember to have done.
16.(2024安徽卷)30.When
for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞 ask 和主語 Philip 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且此動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成， 所以選 B 項(xiàng) asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：當(dāng)被問到對(duì)教學(xué)這個(gè)工作怎么看待時(shí)，菲利普說他覺得這項(xiàng)工作又有趣又值得。
.(2024福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境，中國(guó)最近加強(qiáng)了黃巖島附近水域的控制以防止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海被襲。prevent…from后接動(dòng)名詞且在此須使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。此處不用完成時(shí)。
.(2024湖南卷) 21.We’ ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。need做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): need doing意為 “主語需要被做”可以用 need to be done轉(zhuǎn)換; need to do 主語需要(自己)去做。句意:我們已經(jīng)有了良好的開端，但是接下來為了取得最后的成功，我們有更多的工作要去做。
2.(2024湖南卷)23.Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的邏輯主語即句子的主語time的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞表被動(dòng)意義。句意：如果使用得當(dāng)，時(shí)間就是存在銀行里的錢22.(2024江蘇卷)31.
an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞base與邏輯主語you之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。句意：你做的重大決定不是建立在理智的基礎(chǔ)上而是建立在感情用事的基礎(chǔ)上的話，你遲早是要后悔的（如果你感情用事而不是理智地去做重大決定的話，你遲早是要后悔的）。
2.(2024江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school
to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里注意invite的動(dòng)詞用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被動(dòng)式sb. be invited to do sth.雖然受到了邀請(qǐng)，但是講話還沒有發(fā)生，故用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示將來。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所學(xué)校之邀對(duì)新生講話。
2.(2024遼寧卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。with的賓語后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補(bǔ)，這兒pet dog與follow構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用following。句意：這對(duì)老年夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后在公園散步，他們的寵物狗跟在后面。
2.(2024遼寧卷)29. This machine is very easy
. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。在 “主語 + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式to do用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D。句意：這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作，任何人都能在幾分鐘之內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)使用。
2.(2024山東卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 句意：完成并簽名后，請(qǐng)把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在句中作定語，相當(dāng)于which is provided。
2.(2024陜西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C.
Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意: 排著很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍，我們?cè)诘戎痰觊_門買一臺(tái)新款的iPad.。
(2024陜西卷)22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配have no choice but to do “別無選擇，不得不做某事”。句意：如果他接受了這個(gè)活兒，那他只會(huì)面臨更大的挑戰(zhàn)。
(2024四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。
(2024浙江卷) 3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it 's better ______ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。it做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可歸結(jié)為句型：it is +形容詞/名詞+to do/that…。當(dāng)然it也可以做形式賓語，如find/feel it +to do/that….。句意：不管你是一個(gè)多么聰明的說客，但有時(shí)候保持沉默更好。
(2024浙江卷) 11.“ It's such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.
A. to be reserved
B. having reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。reserve和謂語動(dòng)詞sat之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語，且和其邏輯主語the table邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語，意為：桌子被預(yù)定給顧客的。
非謂語動(dòng)詞在高考中的考查重點(diǎn)：1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；
7.v-ing分詞名詞性功能；
8.v-ing分詞形容詞性功能；
9.v-ing分詞副詞性功能；
10.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別；
11.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)別；
12.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別解題的方法：
作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，句子的賓語或主語是其邏輯主語。
在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語之間是主謂還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
第三步：分析時(shí)態(tài)
根據(jù)非謂語自帶的時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)間或根據(jù)上下文的語境確定時(shí)間。
1.(2024課標(biāo)卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather
.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
2.(2024卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_
such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to C. compare to
D. compared to
3.(2024大綱卷)10.Tony lent me the money, __________that I’ d do as much for him .
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意：Tony借給我這筆錢，希望我加倍還他。
.(2024大綱卷)15.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _______anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式短語作原因狀語。句意：那位老大爺每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，非常開心地觀看即將上映的任何節(jié)目。“happy ____anything that happened to be on.”作目的狀語。
.(2024北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。“tin”與“use”存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。句意：小心使用的話，金屬罐兒可以用六周。
.(2024卷)32.Bird's singing is warning to other birds _______ away.
A. to stay???????
B. staying???????
C. stayed???????
D. Stay
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。不定式用作目的狀語。句意：鳥叫是為了警告其他的鳥遠(yuǎn)離他們。
.(2024上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed
into the sports club.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allow sb. to do sth.
be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.句意：杰克因?yàn)榘褧?huì)員卡忘在家里了，所以他沒有被允許進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。
.(2024上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble
_ the right things to say.
A. thinking of
B. to think of
C. thought of
D. think of
.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。have trouble(in)doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：大庭廣眾之下講話，皮特總是要搜腸括肚想想該說的事。
.(2024上海卷)36.The club, _
_ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的這家俱樂部正在為新老會(huì)員舉行晚會(huì)。
.(2024上海卷)39."Genius" is a complicated concept, _
_ many different factors.
A. involved
B. involving
,
C. to involve
D. being involved
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。concept與involve是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作非限制性定語。“天才”是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的概念，涉及了許多不同的因素。
.(2024重慶卷)23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
.(2024重慶卷)28.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
.(2024安徽卷)24.I remembered
the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。ACD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。只有B選項(xiàng)表示尚未做。句意：我記得離開辦公室前要鎖門的，但是卻忘記了要關(guān)燈。remember doing=remember having dong=remember to have done.
16.(2024安徽卷)30.When
for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞 ask 和主語 Philip 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且此動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成， 所以選 B 項(xiàng) asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：當(dāng)被問到對(duì)教學(xué)這個(gè)工作怎么看待時(shí)，菲利普說他覺得這項(xiàng)工作又有趣又值得。
.(2024福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境，中國(guó)最近加強(qiáng)了黃巖島附近水域的控制以防止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海被襲。prevent…from后接動(dòng)名詞且在此須使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。此處不用完成時(shí)。
.(2024湖南卷) 21.We’ ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。need做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): need doing意為 “主語需要被做”可以用 need to be done轉(zhuǎn)換; need to do 主語需要(自己)去做。句意:我們已經(jīng)有了良好的開端，但是接下來為了取得最后的成功，我們有更多的工作要去做。
2.(2024湖南卷)23.Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的邏輯主語即句子的主語time的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞表被動(dòng)意義。句意：如果使用得當(dāng)，時(shí)間就是存在銀行里的錢22.(2024江蘇卷)31.
an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞base與邏輯主語you之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。句意：你做的重大決定不是建立在理智的基礎(chǔ)上而是建立在感情用事的基礎(chǔ)上的話，你遲早是要后悔的（如果你感情用事而不是理智地去做重大決定的話，你遲早是要后悔的）。
2.(2024江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school
to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里注意invite的動(dòng)詞用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被動(dòng)式sb. be invited to do sth.雖然受到了邀請(qǐng)，但是講話還沒有發(fā)生，故用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示將來。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所學(xué)校之邀對(duì)新生講話。
2.(2024遼寧卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。with的賓語后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補(bǔ)，這兒pet dog與follow構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用following。句意：這對(duì)老年夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后在公園散步，他們的寵物狗跟在后面。
2.(2024遼寧卷)29. This machine is very easy
. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。在 “主語 + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式to do用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D。句意：這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作，任何人都能在幾分鐘之內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)使用。
2.(2024山東卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 句意：完成并簽名后，請(qǐng)把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在句中作定語，相當(dāng)于which is provided。
2.(2024陜西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C.
Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意: 排著很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍，我們?cè)诘戎痰觊_門買一臺(tái)新款的iPad.。
(2024陜西卷)22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配have no choice but to do “別無選擇，不得不做某事”。句意：如果他接受了這個(gè)活兒，那他只會(huì)面臨更大的挑戰(zhàn)。
(2024四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。
(2024浙江卷) 3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it 's better ______ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。it做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可歸結(jié)為句型：it is +形容詞/名詞+to do/that…。當(dāng)然it也可以做形式賓語，如find/feel it +to do/that….。句意：不管你是一個(gè)多么聰明的說客，但有時(shí)候保持沉默更好。
(2024浙江卷) 11.“ It's such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.
A. to be reserved
B. having reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。reserve和謂語動(dòng)詞sat之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語，且和其邏輯主語the table邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語，意為：桌子被預(yù)定給顧客的。
