高考英語同步練習《Unit 2 The Environment》專題語法攻略（十四） 虛擬語氣 強化訓練 譯林版必修5
必修五
Unit 2
The environment
強化訓練
[高考真題體驗]
1.(2009·天津高考)This printer is of good quality.If it break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A.wouldB.should
C.could
D.might
解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：這種打印機質量優良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我們將無償維修。這是在條件句中對將來情況的虛擬，用should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
2.(2009·福建高考)But for the help of my English teacher，Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A.would not win
B.would not have won
C.would win
D.would have won
解析：考查虛擬語氣。句中but for一詞給出了暗示：“沒有英語老師的幫助，自己不會在英語寫作競賽中獲獎。”是對過去的虛擬，需用would/could/should/might＋have done結構，而D項邏輯錯誤。
答案：B
3.(2009·浙江高考)The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A.wouldn't
B.couldn't
C.needn't
D.shouldn't
解析：考查虛擬語氣。recommend，suggest，demand等詞后面的賓語從句應該用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動詞用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。故選D項。
答案：D
4.(2009·安徽高考)But for their help，wethe program in time.
A.can not finish
B.will not finish
C.had not finished
D.could not have finished
解析：考查虛擬語氣。but for相當于without，可以用if引導的非真實條件句替換。由句意可知，這里表達的是與過去事實相反的情況，所以用could not＋have done，表示“過去不可能做了某事”。
答案：D
5.(2008·山東高考)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think weit without you.
A.can manage
B.could have managed
C.could manage
D.can have managed
解析：句意：感謝你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的勞動，我們不可能做成。本題是在具體語境中考查了委婉的虛擬語氣的用法。without you表達的是“如果沒有你的艱苦工作的話”，結合句子前后內容，本題表達的是與過去相反的虛擬語氣，所以選擇B項。
答案：B
[名校模擬檢測]
1.(2010·安徽省級示范性高中皖北協作區聯考)The look on his face suggested that he angry and we him alone.
A.was；left
B.was；should leave
C.should be；should leave
D.should be；left
解析：前面的suggest當“暗示”講，故從句的前半句不用虛擬語氣，而后面表示提“建議”，故要用should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
2.(2010·山東外國語學校高三統練) this afternoon，you would have to come again next week.
A.The boss were not to return
B.The boss didn't return
C.Didn't the boss return
D.Were the boss not to return
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣條件狀語從句中if的省略。句意：如果老板今天下午不來，你們下周還得再來一趟。本句省略if，應把were提前構成倒裝。
答案：D
3.(2010·安徽六校聯考) for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school，she might have passed the exam.
A.Had it not been
B.Hadn't it been
C.Was it not
D.Were it not
解析：句意：要不是因為在上學的路上被汽車撞了且腿部骨折，她可能就通過考試了。根據句意及主句謂語動詞形式可知從句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為A。
答案：A
4.(2010·天津十二區一聯)—Why didn't you buy the gold ring？
—I ，but I didn't have the money.
A.would have
B.bought
C.would like to
D.had bought
解析：句意：“你為什么不買那枚金戒指？”“我想買，但我沒錢。”該句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，完整形式為：If I had the money，I would have bought it.。
答案：A
5.(2010·江西九所重點中學聯考) strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person now.
A.If you are not
B.If you were not
C.Were you not
D.If you had not been
解析：考查錯綜虛擬語氣。句意：如果在我年幼時你沒有對我嚴格要求的話，我現在就不可能是這么成功的一個人。根據句意可知，此題中主句說的是與現在事實相反的情況，而從句說的是與過去事實相反的情況，所以從句要用過去完成時，故選D，如果采用省略句，其結構應該是Had you not been。
答案：D
6.(2010·泉州高中畢業班質檢)—How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school！
—If you had，you a university student now.
A.are
B.would be
C.should
D.were
解析：本題為錯綜時間的虛擬條件句，雖然從句是對過去進行虛擬，但主句中有時間狀語“now”，所以是對現在的虛擬，用would＋動詞原形，所以選B。
答案：B
7.(2010·蘇錫常鎮四市教學調查)— the bike be repaired by him？
—No，I'd rather he it repaired.
A.Will；has
B.Shall；had
C.Should；have
D.Can；has
解析：句意：“自行車由他來修理行嗎？”“不，我寧愿他請別人來修理。”shall在此處用于征詢意見(用于第一、三人稱疑問句中)，shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句(可以是肯定句，也可是否定句)表示命令、要求、警告、允諾等；would rather后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣。對現在與將來的虛擬，謂語用動詞過去式表達；對過去的虛擬，用had＋done表達。
答案：B
8.(2010·南京高三模擬)—Do you still remember the situation in the 5·12 earthquake？
—How can I forget it？I remember everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.was happening
B.happens
C.has happened
D.happened
解析：考查虛擬語氣在as if從句中的用法。好像是昨天發生的一樣，但不是昨天發生的，這是一種與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，as if從句中的動詞用過去式，所以選D。
答案：D
9.(2010·揚州高三調研)A safety analysis the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately，it was never done.
A.would identify
B.will identify
C.would have identified
D.will have identified
解析：句意：一次安全隱患分析本來會確認這個目標是潛在的危險。不幸的是，這樣的分析從未做過。這是對過去時間的虛擬，表示過去要做而沒有做的事。因而答案選C。
答案：C
10.(2010·南通高三模擬)We are all for your proposal that discussion .
A.be put off
B.was put off
C.should put off
D.is to put off
解析：句意：我們都贊成你的建議，把討論推遲。proposal的同位語從句中應用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動詞用(should＋)動詞原形。
答案：A
11.(2010·泉州質檢)Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I your advice！
A.follow
B.would follow
C.had followed
D.have followed
解析：考查if only引起的感嘆句的虛擬語氣。if only引起的感嘆句，相當于“how I wish＋賓語從句”。其謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句形式相同。此處是對過去的虛擬，故選C。
答案：C
12.(2010·深圳一調)Why did you apply for an ordinary university，when you have entered a famous one？
A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
解析：考查含蓄虛擬語氣。表示“本來能做某事但卻沒有做”時，要用could have done sth.結構。句意：當你本來能進入名牌大學的時候，為什么你申請上了一所普通大學？
答案：A
13.(2010·湖南十校聯考)We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we him.
A.would have telephoned
B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone
D.had telephoned
解析：本題是與過去事實相反的虛擬句，從句中用過去完成時，主句中用would have done。本句相當于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。
答案：A
14.(2010·重慶診斷)It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A.takes
B.took
C.has taken
D.taking
解析：It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語氣的常見句型。謂語動詞的形式為動詞的過去式或should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
15.(2010·江南十校測試)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible，but I fully occupied the whole of last week.
A.were
B.had been
C.have been
D.was
解析：本題的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設，但事實上并沒有發生，而事實上沒有發生的真實原因是句子的后半部分由but引導的轉折句所表述的事實。因而but所引導的句子不用虛擬語氣，而用一般過去時。
答案：D
必修五
Unit 2
The environment
強化訓練
[高考真題體驗]
1.(2009·天津高考)This printer is of good quality.If it break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A.wouldB.should
C.could
D.might
解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：這種打印機質量優良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我們將無償維修。這是在條件句中對將來情況的虛擬，用should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
2.(2009·福建高考)But for the help of my English teacher，Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A.would not win
B.would not have won
C.would win
D.would have won
解析：考查虛擬語氣。句中but for一詞給出了暗示：“沒有英語老師的幫助，自己不會在英語寫作競賽中獲獎。”是對過去的虛擬，需用would/could/should/might＋have done結構，而D項邏輯錯誤。
答案：B
3.(2009·浙江高考)The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A.wouldn't
B.couldn't
C.needn't
D.shouldn't
解析：考查虛擬語氣。recommend，suggest，demand等詞后面的賓語從句應該用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動詞用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。故選D項。
答案：D
4.(2009·安徽高考)But for their help，wethe program in time.
A.can not finish
B.will not finish
C.had not finished
D.could not have finished
解析：考查虛擬語氣。but for相當于without，可以用if引導的非真實條件句替換。由句意可知，這里表達的是與過去事實相反的情況，所以用could not＋have done，表示“過去不可能做了某事”。
答案：D
5.(2008·山東高考)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think weit without you.
A.can manage
B.could have managed
C.could manage
D.can have managed
解析：句意：感謝你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的勞動，我們不可能做成。本題是在具體語境中考查了委婉的虛擬語氣的用法。without you表達的是“如果沒有你的艱苦工作的話”，結合句子前后內容，本題表達的是與過去相反的虛擬語氣，所以選擇B項。
答案：B
[名校模擬檢測]
1.(2010·安徽省級示范性高中皖北協作區聯考)The look on his face suggested that he angry and we him alone.
A.was；left
B.was；should leave
C.should be；should leave
D.should be；left
解析：前面的suggest當“暗示”講，故從句的前半句不用虛擬語氣，而后面表示提“建議”，故要用should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
2.(2010·山東外國語學校高三統練) this afternoon，you would have to come again next week.
A.The boss were not to return
B.The boss didn't return
C.Didn't the boss return
D.Were the boss not to return
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣條件狀語從句中if的省略。句意：如果老板今天下午不來，你們下周還得再來一趟。本句省略if，應把were提前構成倒裝。
答案：D
3.(2010·安徽六校聯考) for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school，she might have passed the exam.
A.Had it not been
B.Hadn't it been
C.Was it not
D.Were it not
解析：句意：要不是因為在上學的路上被汽車撞了且腿部骨折，她可能就通過考試了。根據句意及主句謂語動詞形式可知從句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為A。
答案：A
4.(2010·天津十二區一聯)—Why didn't you buy the gold ring？
—I ，but I didn't have the money.
A.would have
B.bought
C.would like to
D.had bought
解析：句意：“你為什么不買那枚金戒指？”“我想買，但我沒錢。”該句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，完整形式為：If I had the money，I would have bought it.。
答案：A
5.(2010·江西九所重點中學聯考) strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person now.
A.If you are not
B.If you were not
C.Were you not
D.If you had not been
解析：考查錯綜虛擬語氣。句意：如果在我年幼時你沒有對我嚴格要求的話，我現在就不可能是這么成功的一個人。根據句意可知，此題中主句說的是與現在事實相反的情況，而從句說的是與過去事實相反的情況，所以從句要用過去完成時，故選D，如果采用省略句，其結構應該是Had you not been。
答案：D
6.(2010·泉州高中畢業班質檢)—How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school！
—If you had，you a university student now.
A.are
B.would be
C.should
D.were
解析：本題為錯綜時間的虛擬條件句，雖然從句是對過去進行虛擬，但主句中有時間狀語“now”，所以是對現在的虛擬，用would＋動詞原形，所以選B。
答案：B
7.(2010·蘇錫常鎮四市教學調查)— the bike be repaired by him？
—No，I'd rather he it repaired.
A.Will；has
B.Shall；had
C.Should；have
D.Can；has
解析：句意：“自行車由他來修理行嗎？”“不，我寧愿他請別人來修理。”shall在此處用于征詢意見(用于第一、三人稱疑問句中)，shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句(可以是肯定句，也可是否定句)表示命令、要求、警告、允諾等；would rather后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣。對現在與將來的虛擬，謂語用動詞過去式表達；對過去的虛擬，用had＋done表達。
答案：B
8.(2010·南京高三模擬)—Do you still remember the situation in the 5·12 earthquake？
—How can I forget it？I remember everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.was happening
B.happens
C.has happened
D.happened
解析：考查虛擬語氣在as if從句中的用法。好像是昨天發生的一樣，但不是昨天發生的，這是一種與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，as if從句中的動詞用過去式，所以選D。
答案：D
9.(2010·揚州高三調研)A safety analysis the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately，it was never done.
A.would identify
B.will identify
C.would have identified
D.will have identified
解析：句意：一次安全隱患分析本來會確認這個目標是潛在的危險。不幸的是，這樣的分析從未做過。這是對過去時間的虛擬，表示過去要做而沒有做的事。因而答案選C。
答案：C
10.(2010·南通高三模擬)We are all for your proposal that discussion .
A.be put off
B.was put off
C.should put off
D.is to put off
解析：句意：我們都贊成你的建議，把討論推遲。proposal的同位語從句中應用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動詞用(should＋)動詞原形。
答案：A
11.(2010·泉州質檢)Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I your advice！
A.follow
B.would follow
C.had followed
D.have followed
解析：考查if only引起的感嘆句的虛擬語氣。if only引起的感嘆句，相當于“how I wish＋賓語從句”。其謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句形式相同。此處是對過去的虛擬，故選C。
答案：C
12.(2010·深圳一調)Why did you apply for an ordinary university，when you have entered a famous one？
A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
解析：考查含蓄虛擬語氣。表示“本來能做某事但卻沒有做”時，要用could have done sth.結構。句意：當你本來能進入名牌大學的時候，為什么你申請上了一所普通大學？
答案：A
13.(2010·湖南十校聯考)We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we him.
A.would have telephoned
B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone
D.had telephoned
解析：本題是與過去事實相反的虛擬句，從句中用過去完成時，主句中用would have done。本句相當于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。
答案：A
14.(2010·重慶診斷)It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A.takes
B.took
C.has taken
D.taking
解析：It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語氣的常見句型。謂語動詞的形式為動詞的過去式或should＋動詞原形。
答案：B
15.(2010·江南十校測試)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible，but I fully occupied the whole of last week.
A.were
B.had been
C.have been
D.was
解析：本題的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設，但事實上并沒有發生，而事實上沒有發生的真實原因是句子的后半部分由but引導的轉折句所表述的事實。因而but所引導的句子不用虛擬語氣，而用一般過去時。
答案：D
