2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法考點(diǎn)講練：第十一專題

　　知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 ?

　　1. 考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法,找出先行詞,確定關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用,正確選出關(guān)系詞。 2. 將定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、同位語從句以及狀語從句融合在一起進(jìn)行考查,既考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析能力,又考查關(guān)系詞與其他連詞的區(qū)分運(yùn)用能力。 3. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確選擇和運(yùn)用。 4. 定語從句中的特殊應(yīng)用和規(guī)定,尤其是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 考點(diǎn)1　關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞who代指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語;whom代指 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 人,在定語從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語;which代指物,作主語或賓語;that代指人或物,作主語、賓語或表語。 This is the detective who came from London. 這就是那位來自倫敦的偵探。 The book (that / which) I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy. 我正在看的這本書是托馬斯·哈代所寫。 This is the room (that / which) Shakespeare was born in. 這就是莎士比亞出生的房間。 注:先行詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí),不管先行詞是指人還是指物,引導(dǎo) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 詞都要用關(guān)系代詞that,但在非限制性定語從句中要改用which。 He??s changed a lot. He??s not the man that he was. 他變化很大,已經(jīng)不是過去的他了。 This is not an easy question that you think it to be. 這個(gè)問題不是像你認(rèn)為的那么容易。 He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be. 他成為了一名醫(yī)生,這是他以前一直夢想的。 考點(diǎn)2　關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可修飾前面整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)which相當(dāng)于and this 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他贏得了本次比賽,這令他父母很高興。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣最后晴朗起來,這是我們沒有料到的。 He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge University. 他在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰姆▽W(xué)校就讀之后上了劍橋大學(xué)。 考點(diǎn)3　介詞+關(guān)系代詞 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,但關(guān)系代詞只可用 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 whom或which,不可用who或that。介詞的選擇應(yīng)遵循以下三個(gè)原則: 1.看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配 The goal for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed impor-tant to him.(fight for) 2.看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very fa-miliar.(be familiar with) 3.根據(jù)先行詞判斷,所用的介詞要與先行詞搭配 The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.(at a

　　知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 rate) 4.根據(jù)語境選擇 By nine o??clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above which appeared a rare rainbow soon.(rain-bow只能用appear above Mount Qomolangma) 考點(diǎn)4　關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句 whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),在定語從句中作定語,即先行詞的所有格,修飾物時(shí)可換成“the + n. + of which”或“of which + the + n.”;修飾人時(shí)可換成“the + n. + of whom”。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 He lives in a house whose window (the window of which / of which the window) faces the south. 他住在一座窗戶朝南的房子里。 This is the scientist whose name (the name of whom) is known all over the country. 這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。 考點(diǎn)5　as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as有“正如;就像”之意,在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語,從句可放在主句的前面、后面或插入主句中間,一般用逗號與主句隔開;但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般只能放在主句之后。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 As had been expected, the England team won the football match. 正如所預(yù)料的那樣,英格蘭隊(duì)贏得了本次球賽的勝利。 The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn??t expected. 這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果很好,這是我們原來沒有料到的。 As is often the case (with...)“(對……來說)那是常有的事;通常就是這樣”,現(xiàn)已成為習(xí)語。 He quarreled with his wife, as was often the case.他和妻子吵架了,這已屢見不鮮。 考點(diǎn)6　as引導(dǎo)的定語從句與it作形式主語的主語從句和what引導(dǎo)的 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 主語從句的區(qū)別 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once ev-ery month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 我們大家都知道,月球每月繞地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一周。 考點(diǎn)7　such...as...與such...that...的區(qū)別 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 such...as...中的as 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,而such...that...中的that引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),as一般在定語從句中作主語或賓語,也就是說,as后面的句子是不完整的。而that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),that在從句中不作任何成分,即從句是完整的句子。 This is such a difficult problem as all of us can??t work out. (從句中的work out缺少賓語,as是關(guān)系代詞,用作work out的賓語) This is such a difficult problem that all of us can??t work it out. (從句是完整的,that只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用,在從句中不作成分) 考點(diǎn)8　關(guān)系副詞的意義和作用 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因,充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞?？蓳Q成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”:when可換成on / in / by which等,where可換成at / in / for which等,why可換成for which。 I still remember the day when (on which) we first met. The village where (in which) he was born has now taken a new look. Tell me the reason why (for which) you missed the flight. 考點(diǎn)9　關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別 判斷定語從句用什么引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在從句中作什 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 么成分。當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系副詞;當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作定語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系代詞whose。 第一組: I will never forget the factory where I worked last summer vacation. (where:地點(diǎn)狀語) I will never forget the factory which I visited last summer vacation. (which:賓語) 第二組: 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside. (when:時(shí)間狀語) I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (which:賓語) 第三組: Is this the reason why he was absent from the meeting? (why:原因狀語) Is this the reason which he explained at the meeting for his being absent from the meeting? (which:賓語) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)10　表示抽象范圍的名詞后邊的定語從句 一些表示,如situation, point, case, stage, scene等后也可接where引導(dǎo)的定語從句;抽象名詞occasion后接when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each oth-er. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。 I understand the situation where a person lacks money. 我明白一個(gè)人缺錢時(shí)的境況。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我記得他因?yàn)榻】挡患讯黄热∠那闆r絕無僅有。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)11　from where, since when引導(dǎo)的定語從句 有時(shí)僅用where, when不能把意思表達(dá)清楚,還需要在他們的前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 湯姆躲在門后,從那里他能夠清楚地聽到媽媽的腳步聲。 He left college in 1988, since when he has been working in a bank. 他1988年大學(xué)畢業(yè),從此以后一直在一家銀行工作。 考點(diǎn)12　way后面的定語從句 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 way后面的定語從句不能用how引導(dǎo),如way在從句中作狀語,應(yīng)用in which或that引導(dǎo),甚至還可省略引導(dǎo)詞;如作主語或賓語,應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。 I don??t like the way (in which / that) he talks. The way that / which he thought of to solve the problem might be help-ful. 考點(diǎn)13　先行詞與定語從句的隔離 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時(shí)為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),也會出現(xiàn)先行詞與定語從句的隔離現(xiàn)象。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 考點(diǎn)14　定語從句中的主謂一致問題 如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語,謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致。在“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞,引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),其謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the (only) one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 先行詞是the (only) one,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.他是去過北京的學(xué) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 生之一。 He is the only one of the student who has been to Beijing. 他是唯一一個(gè)去過北京的學(xué)生。 考點(diǎn)15　定語從句與并列句的識別 定語從句與主句之間要用“逗號”分隔,并且不能加入and, but, so等連詞。并列句一般有and, but, so等連詞連接,或中間用“分號”分隔。 第一組: I advised him to give up smoking, which, however, didn??t help.(定語 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 從句) I advised him to give up smoking, but it didn??t help.(并列句) 第二組: He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(定語從句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows; most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 ?

　　1.(2011全國新課標(biāo)) The prize will go to the writer 　???? story shows the most imagination. A.that　 B.which 　C.whose 　D.what 【答案與解析】C　本題考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法。句意:此項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)將頒發(fā)給其作品最具有想象力的作家。先行詞為the writer,代入定語從句后為:The writer??s story shows the most imagination。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作story的定語,故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.(2011全國Ⅱ) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, 　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this B.that C.what D.which 【答案與解析】D　本題考查非限制性定語從句。句意:Ted來度周末時(shí)只穿著短褲和一件T恤衫,這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點(diǎn)傻。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析看,句子之間是逗號,且沒有并列連詞或從屬連詞,由此可知“　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather”為非限制性定語從句。 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,并指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。A、C兩項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。B項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 3.(2011天津) The days are gone 　???? physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A.when B.that C.where D.which 【答案與解析】A　本題考查對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。句意:體力是謀生的唯一所需的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。先行詞為the days,將其代入定語從句后為:On the days physical strength was all you needed to make a living。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。本題先行詞與定語從句隔開,構(gòu)成了“分割性定語從句”,增加了試題難度。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 4.(2011浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　???? uses it somewhat differently. A.which B.what C.them D.those 【答案與解析】A　本題考查非限制性定語從句。句意:英語是一種為幾種不同文化所共有的語言,每種文化使用英語多少有些不同。先行詞為cultures,將其代入定語從句后為:Each of the culture uses it somewhat differently。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故答案為A項(xiàng)。what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故排除;如選C項(xiàng),須在each前加并列連詞and。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 5.(2011浙江) Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ???????? a life span of around 20 years.

　　A.having B.had C.have D.to have 【答案與解析】A　本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:真想不到,蝙蝠竟是長壽生物,有些蝙蝠的壽命長達(dá)20年。結(jié)合語意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),having的邏輯主語是前面的some。如果在some后加上of which,就成了非限制性定語從句,應(yīng)該選have。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究

　　知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 ?

　　1. 考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法,找出先行詞,確定關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用,正確選出關(guān)系詞。 2. 將定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、同位語從句以及狀語從句融合在一起進(jìn)行考查,既考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析能力,又考查關(guān)系詞與其他連詞的區(qū)分運(yùn)用能力。 3. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確選擇和運(yùn)用。 4. 定語從句中的特殊應(yīng)用和規(guī)定,尤其是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 考點(diǎn)1　關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞who代指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語;whom代指 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 人,在定語從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語;which代指物,作主語或賓語;that代指人或物,作主語、賓語或表語。 This is the detective who came from London. 這就是那位來自倫敦的偵探。 The book (that / which) I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy. 我正在看的這本書是托馬斯·哈代所寫。 This is the room (that / which) Shakespeare was born in. 這就是莎士比亞出生的房間。 注:先行詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí),不管先行詞是指人還是指物,引導(dǎo) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 詞都要用關(guān)系代詞that,但在非限制性定語從句中要改用which。 He??s changed a lot. He??s not the man that he was. 他變化很大,已經(jīng)不是過去的他了。 This is not an easy question that you think it to be. 這個(gè)問題不是像你認(rèn)為的那么容易。 He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be. 他成為了一名醫(yī)生,這是他以前一直夢想的。 考點(diǎn)2　關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可修飾前面整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)which相當(dāng)于and this 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他贏得了本次比賽,這令他父母很高興。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣最后晴朗起來,這是我們沒有料到的。 He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge University. 他在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰姆▽W(xué)校就讀之后上了劍橋大學(xué)。 考點(diǎn)3　介詞+關(guān)系代詞 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,但關(guān)系代詞只可用 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 whom或which,不可用who或that。介詞的選擇應(yīng)遵循以下三個(gè)原則: 1.看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配 The goal for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed impor-tant to him.(fight for) 2.看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very fa-miliar.(be familiar with) 3.根據(jù)先行詞判斷,所用的介詞要與先行詞搭配 The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.(at a

　　知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 rate) 4.根據(jù)語境選擇 By nine o??clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above which appeared a rare rainbow soon.(rain-bow只能用appear above Mount Qomolangma) 考點(diǎn)4　關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句 whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),在定語從句中作定語,即先行詞的所有格,修飾物時(shí)可換成“the + n. + of which”或“of which + the + n.”;修飾人時(shí)可換成“the + n. + of whom”。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 He lives in a house whose window (the window of which / of which the window) faces the south. 他住在一座窗戶朝南的房子里。 This is the scientist whose name (the name of whom) is known all over the country. 這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。 考點(diǎn)5　as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as有“正如;就像”之意,在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語,從句可放在主句的前面、后面或插入主句中間,一般用逗號與主句隔開;但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般只能放在主句之后。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 As had been expected, the England team won the football match. 正如所預(yù)料的那樣,英格蘭隊(duì)贏得了本次球賽的勝利。 The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn??t expected. 這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果很好,這是我們原來沒有料到的。 As is often the case (with...)“(對……來說)那是常有的事;通常就是這樣”,現(xiàn)已成為習(xí)語。 He quarreled with his wife, as was often the case.他和妻子吵架了,這已屢見不鮮。 考點(diǎn)6　as引導(dǎo)的定語從句與it作形式主語的主語從句和what引導(dǎo)的 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 主語從句的區(qū)別 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once ev-ery month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 我們大家都知道,月球每月繞地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一周。 考點(diǎn)7　such...as...與such...that...的區(qū)別 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 such...as...中的as 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,而such...that...中的that引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),as一般在定語從句中作主語或賓語,也就是說,as后面的句子是不完整的。而that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),that在從句中不作任何成分,即從句是完整的句子。 This is such a difficult problem as all of us can??t work out. (從句中的work out缺少賓語,as是關(guān)系代詞,用作work out的賓語) This is such a difficult problem that all of us can??t work it out. (從句是完整的,that只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用,在從句中不作成分) 考點(diǎn)8　關(guān)系副詞的意義和作用 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因,充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞?？蓳Q成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”:when可換成on / in / by which等,where可換成at / in / for which等,why可換成for which。 I still remember the day when (on which) we first met. The village where (in which) he was born has now taken a new look. Tell me the reason why (for which) you missed the flight. 考點(diǎn)9　關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別 判斷定語從句用什么引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在從句中作什 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 么成分。當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系副詞;當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作定語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系代詞whose。 第一組: I will never forget the factory where I worked last summer vacation. (where:地點(diǎn)狀語) I will never forget the factory which I visited last summer vacation. (which:賓語) 第二組: 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside. (when:時(shí)間狀語) I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (which:賓語) 第三組: Is this the reason why he was absent from the meeting? (why:原因狀語) Is this the reason which he explained at the meeting for his being absent from the meeting? (which:賓語) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)10　表示抽象范圍的名詞后邊的定語從句 一些表示,如situation, point, case, stage, scene等后也可接where引導(dǎo)的定語從句;抽象名詞occasion后接when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each oth-er. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。 I understand the situation where a person lacks money. 我明白一個(gè)人缺錢時(shí)的境況。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我記得他因?yàn)榻】挡患讯黄热∠那闆r絕無僅有。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)11　from where, since when引導(dǎo)的定語從句 有時(shí)僅用where, when不能把意思表達(dá)清楚,還需要在他們的前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 湯姆躲在門后,從那里他能夠清楚地聽到媽媽的腳步聲。 He left college in 1988, since when he has been working in a bank. 他1988年大學(xué)畢業(yè),從此以后一直在一家銀行工作。 考點(diǎn)12　way后面的定語從句 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 way后面的定語從句不能用how引導(dǎo),如way在從句中作狀語,應(yīng)用in which或that引導(dǎo),甚至還可省略引導(dǎo)詞;如作主語或賓語,應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。 I don??t like the way (in which / that) he talks. The way that / which he thought of to solve the problem might be help-ful. 考點(diǎn)13　先行詞與定語從句的隔離 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時(shí)為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),也會出現(xiàn)先行詞與定語從句的隔離現(xiàn)象。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 考點(diǎn)14　定語從句中的主謂一致問題 如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語,謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致。在“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞,引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),其謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the (only) one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 先行詞是the (only) one,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.他是去過北京的學(xué) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 生之一。 He is the only one of the student who has been to Beijing. 他是唯一一個(gè)去過北京的學(xué)生。 考點(diǎn)15　定語從句與并列句的識別 定語從句與主句之間要用“逗號”分隔,并且不能加入and, but, so等連詞。并列句一般有and, but, so等連詞連接,或中間用“分號”分隔。 第一組: I advised him to give up smoking, which, however, didn??t help.(定語 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 從句) I advised him to give up smoking, but it didn??t help.(并列句) 第二組: He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(定語從句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows; most of them hadn??t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句) 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 ?

　　1.(2011全國新課標(biāo)) The prize will go to the writer 　???? story shows the most imagination. A.that　 B.which 　C.whose 　D.what 【答案與解析】C　本題考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法。句意:此項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)將頒發(fā)給其作品最具有想象力的作家。先行詞為the writer,代入定語從句后為:The writer??s story shows the most imagination。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作story的定語,故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.(2011全國Ⅱ) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, 　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this B.that C.what D.which 【答案與解析】D　本題考查非限制性定語從句。句意:Ted來度周末時(shí)只穿著短褲和一件T恤衫,這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點(diǎn)傻。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析看,句子之間是逗號,且沒有并列連詞或從屬連詞,由此可知“　???? is a stupid thing to do in such weather”為非限制性定語從句。 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,并指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。A、C兩項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。B項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 3.(2011天津) The days are gone 　???? physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A.when B.that C.where D.which 【答案與解析】A　本題考查對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。句意:體力是謀生的唯一所需的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。先行詞為the days,將其代入定語從句后為:On the days physical strength was all you needed to make a living。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。本題先行詞與定語從句隔開,構(gòu)成了“分割性定語從句”,增加了試題難度。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 4.(2011浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　???? uses it somewhat differently. A.which B.what C.them D.those 【答案與解析】A　本題考查非限制性定語從句。句意:英語是一種為幾種不同文化所共有的語言,每種文化使用英語多少有些不同。先行詞為cultures,將其代入定語從句后為:Each of the culture uses it somewhat differently。由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故答案為A項(xiàng)。what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故排除;如選C項(xiàng),須在each前加并列連詞and。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 5.(2011浙江) Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ???????? a life span of around 20 years.

　　A.having B.had C.have D.to have 【答案與解析】A　本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:真想不到,蝙蝠竟是長壽生物,有些蝙蝠的壽命長達(dá)20年。結(jié)合語意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),having的邏輯主語是前面的some。如果在some后加上of which,就成了非限制性定語從句,應(yīng)該選have。 知識盤點(diǎn) 真題探究