考前30天之備戰2024高考英語精品學案：專題一 單項選擇 第一節單項選擇解題方法突破 課堂導學案
專題一 單項選擇
【課堂導學案】
在做單項擇題時,我們常常遇到一些命題者利用一些看起來似乎熟悉的句型結構或者一些固定搭配而制造的陷阱題目。這樣的題目往往會使學生自以為有準確無誤的答案,卻不能做對。為了能使同學們在解題過程中巧識陷阱，準確做題,特把命題者常設陷阱類型歸納總結如下：
一、 定勢思維,硬套規則
思維定式是指人們在長期的思維過程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。如果運用得當，它可以幫助學生將題目考查的內容與以前所學的知識聯系起來，在較短的時間內對問題所需的相關知識進行分析、推理、歸納，并很快得出正確的結論；但若運用不當，它便會誤導學生掉入命題者所預設的陷阱，得出錯誤的結論。
【典題賞析】
【例1】—Do you like coffee or milk?
—Both. But I prefer coffee
milk.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. from
【解析】C
學生以為是考查prefer A to B結構，實際上是 “但是我更偏愛加牛奶的咖啡”。
【例2】Which do you enjoy
your weekend, swimming or fishing?
A. spending
B. to spend
C. spend
D. being spending
【解析】B 學生以為是考查 enjoy doing sth.結構,其實仔細看which作的就是enjoy的賓語, to spend不是作賓語而是作目的狀語。
【例3】The pollution is getting worse and worse. We must stop pollution
a better life.
A. to live
B. from living
C. living
D. live
【解析】A但易誤B，認為是stop… (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其實不是“阻止污染不過上幸福的生活”，而是“為了過上幸福的生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的狀語。
【例4】I'm sorry I can't help
the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping
B. swept
C. to sweep
D. to sweeping
【解析】C經驗認為cant help doing,但此處表示“不能幫忙打掃教室”。
【例5】The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to
by others.
A. be noticed
B. being noticed
C. having been noticed
D. have been noticed
【解析】A經驗認為prefer doing sth. to doing sth.意為“寧愿做某事而不愿意做某事”。此處應為她打扮的目的是為了引起別人的注意。
1. The student has won two such gold medals,
second to none in the last two competitions,
all of his classmates adore and determine to learn from.
A. the; that
B. /; as
C. a; for
D. /; because
2. Jessie, the cooking chicken
nice and inviting. Whom did you learn to cook chickens from in the past?
A. smelt
B. are smelt
C. smelling
D. smells
3. Do you think it is
abroad years ago that actually made him win this business competition nationwide?
A. due to being educated
B. he was educated
C. his being educated
D. which he was educated
4. —Will you be
this evening, Mary?
—That depends. I am afraid I will be with my manager together discussing a plan.
A. convenient
B. suitable
C. available
D. efficient
5. The law requires governments to increase investment in public transport, which is now in poor condition,
services and encourage people to use public transport.
A. improve
B. to improve
C. improving
D. having improved
二、 插入語及定語從句
有時一個本來很簡單的句子，在其中置入一個插入成分或定語從句，或將某些成分從正常位置調入一個看來屬“非正?！钡奈恢?，則很可能給同學們的理解帶來困難,進而導致題目做錯。
【例1】Look! There are many people over there. What do you think
?。?/p>
A. to happen
B. happening
C. has happened
D. is happened
【解析】C由于不太清楚do you think 為插入語和要填的答案為謂語動詞,易誤B或者A。
【例2】The letter I had long been looking forward to
to me yesterday.
A. coming
B. came
C. had come
D. comes
【解析】B由于不清楚I had long been looking forward to為定語從句,缺少的是整個句子的謂語動詞而非looking forward to的賓語,易誤 A。
【例3】The person we spoke to
no answer at first.
A. make
B. making
C. makes
D. made
【解析】D可以看出we spoke to是一個定語從句，將其去掉后，我們就會發現整個句子缺少的是一個謂語動詞。故本題選D。
【例4】The place
the bridge is supposed to be built should be
the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
【解析】C本題綜合考查了定語從句where引導的表語從句。依據句子結構分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引導的表語從句，又因定語從句邏輯上與built構成at the place, 故 C。
【例5】—Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else
, is there?
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
【解析】B通過分析句子結構可以判斷，空格處為定語從句修飾先行詞no one else，省略了關系代詞whom。 B項正好符合此要求。
1. It was not who is right but what is right, we all think, that
. Which of the following is NOT right?
A. counts
B. matters
C. accounts
D. is of importance
2. Livemocha. com is a free site
visitors can not just learn various languages but also chat online.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
3. Mr Wang, who is said to have immigrated to the USA,
at No.1 Middle School in our city for twenty years.
A. has been teaching
B. was teaching
C. taught
D. have taught
4. And there, almost
in
the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost
B. lost
C. to be lost
D. losing
5. Smoking, which may be
pleasure for some people, is
serious source of discomfort for their fellows.
A. /; a
B. a; a
C. a; /
D. a; the
三. 母語干擾,漢語思維
學外語最容易受母語干擾，由于母語在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會對外語學習者大腦中尚不牢固的外語知識產生負面影響。
【例1】—I'm feeling a bit cold.
—To have some hot soup will
.
A. feel warm
B. change
C. help
D. be worked
【解析】C由于受母語干擾,“喝點熱湯會暖和的”，很容易A。若A，該題可以變化為：Have some hot soup, and you will
.
【例2】Please come to see me often if
.
A. youre convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
【解析】B但易誤A或C。因為漢語意思，“如果你方便的話”，易直譯為if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事實上，英語中表示“如果你方便的話”，通常說if it is convenient for/to you。
【例3】I did as much as I could
the crying girl, but in vain.
A. comforted
B. to comfort
C. comfort
D. comfort
【解析】B但易D，總以為情態動詞could后要接動詞原形。其實，這里的情態動詞could后已省略了一個動詞原形do了，后面應用動詞不定式表示目的。
【例4】Every one should work hard
the people.
A. serve
B. serve for
C. to serve
D. to serve for
【解析】C不定式表示目的，serve 是及物動詞。
【例5】—Waiter!
—
—I can't eat this. It's too salty.
A. Yes, sir?
B. What?
C. All right?
D. Pardon?
【解析】A根據前后句提供的信息可知該題含義是：顧客用餐對菜肴的味道不滿意，叫服務員前來服務。All right?和Pardon?顯然不符合語境。What?從字面意義來看，是中文式的表達。英美文化習慣，地道的表達應當是Yes, sir?而且要用升調來表示疑問。故 A 是最佳答案。
1. —Do you really mean to prepare your lecture two months in advance?
—Sure. Anyway,
.
A. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
B. a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit
C. a good beginning is half done
D. the early bird catches the worm
2. —Shall I give you a hand with this as you are so busy now?
—Thank you.
.
A. Of course you can
B. If you like
C. It's up to you
D. It couldn't be better
3. —It is more expensive to live in the city than to live in the country, do you think so?
—I can't agree more.
.
A. Two heads are better than one
B. Great minds think alike
C. A still tongue makes a wise head
D. Out of sight, out of mind
4. Well, that's just the deal.
price will be out of my reach.
A. The higher
B. A highest
C. The highest
D. A higher
5. —Did you go Dutch after that meal, I mean, with the other five friends?
—.
A. Yes, they did
B. Yes, they paid for the meal
C. No, they didn't
D. No, because it was my treat that day
四、 語序倒裝
英語句子的一般語序為“主語部分＋謂語部分”，但命題者往往利用倒裝這種“不正?！钡木涫礁恪袄@彎子”。解決類似的題目，關鍵是要熟悉倒裝結構，慧眼識別命題者的目的所在。
【例1】Never
time come back again.
A. will lose
B. will lost
C. will be
losing
D. will to lose
【解析】B如果將這個句子改為陳述句后，我們便可以很容易地看出其結構為：Lost time will never come back again.由于命題時將句子改寫成倒裝句，題目便具很大的迷惑性。
【例2】
he come, what
you say to him?
A. Should； would
B. When； would
C. If； will
D. Were to； did
【解析】A但易誤B或者C。若B或者C,主句和從句的時態就會矛盾了。根據前面謂語的形式，后面要用虛擬語氣才對。這里的if被省略，將should提前。
1. —So hard
in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.
—I can see that, only a few mistakes
in this exam.
A. has he worked; did he make
B. he has worked; he made
C. he has worked; has he made
D. has he worked; he made
2. Only when he returned from the exchange program
how much he enjoyed it.
A. he realized
B. he had realized
C. did he realize
D. had he realized
3. Only
do the job and only in this way
do the job well.
A. can you; can youB. you can; can you
C. you can; you canD. can you; you can
4. So nice
to hear from her.
, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. it is； Whats more
B. does it； I say
C. was it； Or rather
D. is it； Believe it or not
5. —How was the 2008 Beijing Olympic opening ceremony?
— that the whole world was attracted.
A. It was very fantastic
B. Such fantastic was it
C. So fantastic was it
D. So fantastic it was
五、 省略句
省略句使考生不易看清句子的結構。對于這類題目，可恢復被省略的成分，使句子的結構變得明朗，進而擇合適的答案。
【例1】—What made her mother so angry?
—
the exam.
A. Because she didn't pass
B. Her not passing
C. She didn't pass
D. Because her not passing
【解析】B將答語部分補全應為：
the exam made her mother so angry. 可以看出少了一個主語，而能用作主語的是答案B，是一個動名詞的復合結構。
【例2】The car, although
for more than seven years, is now in good condition.
A. has used
B. being used
C. used
D. has been used
【解析】C這道題學生很容易D,它省略了it has been。
1. —You won't go to Mary's wedding party, will you?
—Yes,
invited to.
A. even if
B. if
C. unless
D. though
2. What disappointed me was not what he said but
he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
