2024屆安徽淮南市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解摸底精練（2）
安徽淮南市2024高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解摸底精練（2）
閱讀理解Increased use of the Internet and mobile phones is undermining pupils’ ability for independent study and promoting poor grammar, it was claimed.
Cranfield School of Managementfound almost six in ten schoolchildrenwere copying information directly
from websites for homework tasks without
properly reading it.
More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice,
even though they know it was considered plagiarism(剽竊).
The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils aged from 11 to 18 at a secondary school in the Midlands, raised concerns that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people.
Andrew Kakabadse, professor of international management development at Cranfield, said, “Our research shows that technology obsession(癡迷)prevents spelling skills, encourages plagiarism, and disturbs classroom learning. ”
“Despite school policies restricting mobile phone usage, students use the phone frequently, with the majority making calls from the toilets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day. ”
The report revealed that so-called“text-speak”was increasingly finding it was into pupils’ school work.
Three in ten students admit to using text message shortcuts, such as“r u ok”in essays and classroom tasks.
It followed a study earlier this year that found almost half of the teachers failed to understand some pupils’ writing because it was so full of confusing language.
Phrases such as“innit”and“Gr8”were regularly found in school work.
The Cranfield study found that mobile use was so common that many pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones.
More than a third said they would use their mobile in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call.
【文章大意】使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和手機的學(xué)生越來越多了。可是, 科技不僅給學(xué)生們帶來了便捷, 也給他們的學(xué)習(xí)帶來了很多不利影響。
1. The underlined word“undermining”in the first paragraph can best be replaced by“ ”.
A. determining
B. keeping
C. weakening
D. increasing
【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二、三兩段可知, 靠照搬網(wǎng)上資料完成家庭作業(yè), 實際上是一種抄襲, 會影響學(xué)生的獨立學(xué)習(xí)能力。undermining是“逐漸損害, 削弱”的意思, 故此處可以用weakening來代替。
2. It can be inferred from what Kakabadse said that .
A. he is in favour of students’ mobile phone usage at school
B. he believes schools are responsible for technology obsession
C. the research finds a new way to improve school management
D. it is hard to limit students’ mobile phone usage at school
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第一句中的with the majority making calls from the toilets和第二句The mobile phone . . . the school day. 可推斷, 限制學(xué)生在學(xué)校使用手機是很困難的。
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most students’ writing skills are becoming worse.
B. Text message language may affect pupils’ language skills.
C. Students like to invent new words in their writing.
D. 30% pupils often send text messages when studying.
【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七至九段可知, 短信語言可能會給學(xué)生的語言技能帶來不利影響。
4. What’s the attitude of the author to the problem?
A. Optimistic.
B. Approving.
C. Anxious.
D. Tolerant.
【解析】選C。觀點態(tài)度題。從文章的字里行間可以看出作者對學(xué)生使用諸如手機之類的高科技產(chǎn)品持憂慮態(tài)度。故答案為C。
A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
(Crime in Computer) ? ?New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… ? ?Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations. ? ?A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. ? ?Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. ? ?Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. ? ?The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology. 1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A].7. ? ?? ??B.8. ?? ?? [C].9. ? ?? ? [D].10 2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer? [A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability. . His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it. [C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price. [D]. His purpose is to steal important data. 3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system? [A]. Sabotage of a university computer. B.Sabotage of a hospital computer. [C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base. [D]. Sabotage of a factory computer. 4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”? [A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. B.Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer. [C]. The computer can replace any weapons. [D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun. Vocabulary 1. ? bizarre ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 奇怪的 2. ? vandalism ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 破壞，故意破壞文化，藝術(shù)的行為 3. ? cripple ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 使癱瘓，削弱 4. ? fence ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?賊市，臟品買賣處 5. ? neutralize ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 使成為無效 6. ? affluent ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 富裕的 7. ? recordkeeping ? ?? ?? ?? 記錄存貯 8. ? havoc ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 浩劫，大破壞 9. ? resort to ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?求助于，借助于 10. ?motivate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?作為……的動機，激發(fā) 11. ?extremist ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?過激分子，極端主義分子 12. ?sprout ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 萌發(fā)迅速發(fā)展 13. ?awesome ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 令人驚懼的，引起敬畏的 14. ?vulnerability ? ?? ?? ?? ?易受攻擊，脆弱 15. ?devastation ? ?? ?? ?? ? 劫持，破壞 16. ?hospital life-support system 醫(yī)院的生命維持系統(tǒng) 17. ?hit man ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 職業(yè)兇手（殺手） 18. ?pool ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?集中（資金）合辦，入股 19. ?criminology ? ?? ?? ?? ?犯罪學(xué)，刑事學(xué) 難句譯注 1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 句子很長，都是簡單句，中間有分號隔開，后面是舉例。 [參考譯文] 有組織犯罪團伙也直接參與：計算機新技術(shù)較為犯罪提供了無限的機會，如數(shù)據(jù)信息犯罪，偷竊服務(wù)項目，跟財產(chǎn)有關(guān)的犯罪，工業(yè)破壞，跟政治有關(guān)的破壞，破壞文化藝術(shù)，對個人和財經(jīng)方面的罪行等等。 2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 并列句，and 作對比連接詞用。 [參考譯文] 一個計算機信息的國際市場已經(jīng)存在，而專門從事臟品交易的市場據(jù)說在迅速擴展的犯罪市場中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。 3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，后跟thus+從句表示結(jié)果。 [參考譯文] 競爭對手破壞一個公司的計算機系統(tǒng)為的是摧毀或削弱公司的操作運行能力，從而使其喪失在私人或政府部門中的競爭力。 4. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 兩句話。前一句為主謂賓，后一句為主從句，從句內(nèi)采用too…to 句型，后跟分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)進一步說明。 [參考譯文] 計算機為國內(nèi)和國際有組織犯罪集團開辟了犯罪的廣泛領(lǐng)域。它要求它們集中資源，提高通力協(xié)作力量，因為許多犯罪太復(fù)雜，一個集團難以駕馭，特別是那些需要巨大的臟品交易時常網(wǎng)絡(luò)的罪行。 寫作方法與文章大意 文章介紹“計算機犯罪”，采用分類寫作手法，先列出種種計算機犯罪項，下面逐一說明。文本只選四種犯罪——信息數(shù)據(jù)偷竊或信息（數(shù)據(jù)）犯罪，產(chǎn)業(yè)破壞，政治破壞，對個人生命破壞。分四段敘述，每段為一種罪行，最后是對比罪犯勢力越來越有組織，勢力請大，而司法部門卻沒有準備好。 答案祥解 1. B. ８種，具體罪行。見難句譯注１。 2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司競爭力進而得到它。答案見難句譯注２及第二段第二句起：“計算機破壞也可以和富裕的投資者欲得到對手的公司的企圖相連。隨著公司對計算機記錄存儲的信賴性加強，破壞他們的計算機可以造成內(nèi)部大破壞。之后，對取得這個公司感性趣的集團很容易在級低價格上買進。” A. 削弱公司運轉(zhuǎn)能力。 C. 在相當?shù)偷膬r格上買進對手的公司。這兩個選項都只是破壞目的的一個方面。D. 偷竊重要資料，文內(nèi)沒有講。 3. C 破壞秘密訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)。這可以標以政治目的的破壞計算機。 A. 大學(xué) B. 醫(yī)院D. 工廠。 這三個地方都難以和政治直接相連，第三段講的大學(xué)是“參與國防保衛(wèi)工作的大學(xué)計算機措施”，和一般大學(xué)不一樣。只有秘密訓(xùn)練的基地和真正相連的可能性最大，所以選C. 4.B. 犯罪可以通過計算機任意殺人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集團曾采取步驟暗殺政治領(lǐng)袖。醫(yī)院的生命維護系統(tǒng)，實驗室，大型外科手術(shù)中都用計算機。罪犯們很容易把這些計算機轉(zhuǎn)變成破壞的工具。通過破壞生命維護系統(tǒng)計算機，罪犯們就像用槍一樣很容易殺死人。通過控制計算機，他們可以指導(dǎo)這可怖的工具攻擊大城市中心。城市和國家都可以成為人質(zhì)。謀殺具有新的形式，計算機可能成為２１世紀的事業(yè)殺手。” A. 殺人不需要用槍。這話太籠統(tǒng)，不用槍，用什么。用毒藥，用刀？C. 計算機可以取代任何武器。D. 計算機的功能就像槍，錯誤的。
閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。
(2024·四川，E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收縮) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.
Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,
depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.
Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (掃描儀 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,
we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,
and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
文章大意：一項研究表明，人的心臟能夠?qū)θ烁兄謶值姆磻?yīng)產(chǎn)生影響。
13．What is the finding of the study?
A．One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B．Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C．Fear has something to do with one's health.
D．One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
答案：A 細節(jié)理解題，由第一段可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟跳動的周期與人感覺害怕的可能性之間存在聯(lián)系。
14．The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication
答案：C 細節(jié)理解題，由第四段第一句話可知，本次研究是通過向20名志愿者展示令人恐懼的圖片來測驗他們的反應(yīng)來進行的。
15．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A．Order.
B．System.
C．Machine.
D．Treatment.
答案：B 詞義猜測題，由第六段可以得知，心臟和大腦能夠“對話”來改變情感、減少恐懼，所依賴的當然應(yīng)該是身體中的某個系統(tǒng)。
16．This study may contribute to ________.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the key to the heartbrain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案：A 細節(jié)理解題，由文章最后一段可知，本項研究對研發(fā)解決焦慮癥和由于壓力大而產(chǎn)生的紊亂治療方法會有幫助。
安徽淮南市2024高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解摸底精練（2）
閱讀理解Increased use of the Internet and mobile phones is undermining pupils’ ability for independent study and promoting poor grammar, it was claimed.
Cranfield School of Managementfound almost six in ten schoolchildrenwere copying information directly
from websites for homework tasks without
properly reading it.
More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice,
even though they know it was considered plagiarism(剽竊).
The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils aged from 11 to 18 at a secondary school in the Midlands, raised concerns that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people.
Andrew Kakabadse, professor of international management development at Cranfield, said, “Our research shows that technology obsession(癡迷)prevents spelling skills, encourages plagiarism, and disturbs classroom learning. ”
“Despite school policies restricting mobile phone usage, students use the phone frequently, with the majority making calls from the toilets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day. ”
The report revealed that so-called“text-speak”was increasingly finding it was into pupils’ school work.
Three in ten students admit to using text message shortcuts, such as“r u ok”in essays and classroom tasks.
It followed a study earlier this year that found almost half of the teachers failed to understand some pupils’ writing because it was so full of confusing language.
Phrases such as“innit”and“Gr8”were regularly found in school work.
The Cranfield study found that mobile use was so common that many pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones.
More than a third said they would use their mobile in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call.
【文章大意】使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和手機的學(xué)生越來越多了。可是, 科技不僅給學(xué)生們帶來了便捷, 也給他們的學(xué)習(xí)帶來了很多不利影響。
1. The underlined word“undermining”in the first paragraph can best be replaced by“ ”.
A. determining
B. keeping
C. weakening
D. increasing
【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二、三兩段可知, 靠照搬網(wǎng)上資料完成家庭作業(yè), 實際上是一種抄襲, 會影響學(xué)生的獨立學(xué)習(xí)能力。undermining是“逐漸損害, 削弱”的意思, 故此處可以用weakening來代替。
2. It can be inferred from what Kakabadse said that .
A. he is in favour of students’ mobile phone usage at school
B. he believes schools are responsible for technology obsession
C. the research finds a new way to improve school management
D. it is hard to limit students’ mobile phone usage at school
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第一句中的with the majority making calls from the toilets和第二句The mobile phone . . . the school day. 可推斷, 限制學(xué)生在學(xué)校使用手機是很困難的。
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most students’ writing skills are becoming worse.
B. Text message language may affect pupils’ language skills.
C. Students like to invent new words in their writing.
D. 30% pupils often send text messages when studying.
【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七至九段可知, 短信語言可能會給學(xué)生的語言技能帶來不利影響。
4. What’s the attitude of the author to the problem?
A. Optimistic.
B. Approving.
C. Anxious.
D. Tolerant.
【解析】選C。觀點態(tài)度題。從文章的字里行間可以看出作者對學(xué)生使用諸如手機之類的高科技產(chǎn)品持憂慮態(tài)度。故答案為C。
A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
(Crime in Computer) ? ?New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… ? ?Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations. ? ?A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. ? ?Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. ? ?Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. ? ?The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology. 1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A].7. ? ?? ??B.8. ?? ?? [C].9. ? ?? ? [D].10 2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer? [A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability. . His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it. [C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price. [D]. His purpose is to steal important data. 3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system? [A]. Sabotage of a university computer. B.Sabotage of a hospital computer. [C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base. [D]. Sabotage of a factory computer. 4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”? [A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. B.Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer. [C]. The computer can replace any weapons. [D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun. Vocabulary 1. ? bizarre ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 奇怪的 2. ? vandalism ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 破壞，故意破壞文化，藝術(shù)的行為 3. ? cripple ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 使癱瘓，削弱 4. ? fence ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?賊市，臟品買賣處 5. ? neutralize ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 使成為無效 6. ? affluent ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 富裕的 7. ? recordkeeping ? ?? ?? ?? 記錄存貯 8. ? havoc ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 浩劫，大破壞 9. ? resort to ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?求助于，借助于 10. ?motivate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?作為……的動機，激發(fā) 11. ?extremist ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?過激分子，極端主義分子 12. ?sprout ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 萌發(fā)迅速發(fā)展 13. ?awesome ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 令人驚懼的，引起敬畏的 14. ?vulnerability ? ?? ?? ?? ?易受攻擊，脆弱 15. ?devastation ? ?? ?? ?? ? 劫持，破壞 16. ?hospital life-support system 醫(yī)院的生命維持系統(tǒng) 17. ?hit man ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 職業(yè)兇手（殺手） 18. ?pool ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?集中（資金）合辦，入股 19. ?criminology ? ?? ?? ?? ?犯罪學(xué)，刑事學(xué) 難句譯注 1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 句子很長，都是簡單句，中間有分號隔開，后面是舉例。 [參考譯文] 有組織犯罪團伙也直接參與：計算機新技術(shù)較為犯罪提供了無限的機會，如數(shù)據(jù)信息犯罪，偷竊服務(wù)項目，跟財產(chǎn)有關(guān)的犯罪，工業(yè)破壞，跟政治有關(guān)的破壞，破壞文化藝術(shù)，對個人和財經(jīng)方面的罪行等等。 2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 并列句，and 作對比連接詞用。 [參考譯文] 一個計算機信息的國際市場已經(jīng)存在，而專門從事臟品交易的市場據(jù)說在迅速擴展的犯罪市場中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。 3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，后跟thus+從句表示結(jié)果。 [參考譯文] 競爭對手破壞一個公司的計算機系統(tǒng)為的是摧毀或削弱公司的操作運行能力，從而使其喪失在私人或政府部門中的競爭力。 4. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. [結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 兩句話。前一句為主謂賓，后一句為主從句，從句內(nèi)采用too…to 句型，后跟分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)進一步說明。 [參考譯文] 計算機為國內(nèi)和國際有組織犯罪集團開辟了犯罪的廣泛領(lǐng)域。它要求它們集中資源，提高通力協(xié)作力量，因為許多犯罪太復(fù)雜，一個集團難以駕馭，特別是那些需要巨大的臟品交易時常網(wǎng)絡(luò)的罪行。 寫作方法與文章大意 文章介紹“計算機犯罪”，采用分類寫作手法，先列出種種計算機犯罪項，下面逐一說明。文本只選四種犯罪——信息數(shù)據(jù)偷竊或信息（數(shù)據(jù)）犯罪，產(chǎn)業(yè)破壞，政治破壞，對個人生命破壞。分四段敘述，每段為一種罪行，最后是對比罪犯勢力越來越有組織，勢力請大，而司法部門卻沒有準備好。 答案祥解 1. B. ８種，具體罪行。見難句譯注１。 2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司競爭力進而得到它。答案見難句譯注２及第二段第二句起：“計算機破壞也可以和富裕的投資者欲得到對手的公司的企圖相連。隨著公司對計算機記錄存儲的信賴性加強，破壞他們的計算機可以造成內(nèi)部大破壞。之后，對取得這個公司感性趣的集團很容易在級低價格上買進。” A. 削弱公司運轉(zhuǎn)能力。 C. 在相當?shù)偷膬r格上買進對手的公司。這兩個選項都只是破壞目的的一個方面。D. 偷竊重要資料，文內(nèi)沒有講。 3. C 破壞秘密訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)。這可以標以政治目的的破壞計算機。 A. 大學(xué) B. 醫(yī)院D. 工廠。 這三個地方都難以和政治直接相連，第三段講的大學(xué)是“參與國防保衛(wèi)工作的大學(xué)計算機措施”，和一般大學(xué)不一樣。只有秘密訓(xùn)練的基地和真正相連的可能性最大，所以選C. 4.B. 犯罪可以通過計算機任意殺人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集團曾采取步驟暗殺政治領(lǐng)袖。醫(yī)院的生命維護系統(tǒng)，實驗室，大型外科手術(shù)中都用計算機。罪犯們很容易把這些計算機轉(zhuǎn)變成破壞的工具。通過破壞生命維護系統(tǒng)計算機，罪犯們就像用槍一樣很容易殺死人。通過控制計算機，他們可以指導(dǎo)這可怖的工具攻擊大城市中心。城市和國家都可以成為人質(zhì)。謀殺具有新的形式，計算機可能成為２１世紀的事業(yè)殺手。” A. 殺人不需要用槍。這話太籠統(tǒng)，不用槍，用什么。用毒藥，用刀？C. 計算機可以取代任何武器。D. 計算機的功能就像槍，錯誤的。
閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。
(2024·四川，E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收縮) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.
Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,
depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.
Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (掃描儀 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,
we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,
and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
文章大意：一項研究表明，人的心臟能夠?qū)θ烁兄謶值姆磻?yīng)產(chǎn)生影響。
13．What is the finding of the study?
A．One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B．Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C．Fear has something to do with one's health.
D．One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
答案：A 細節(jié)理解題，由第一段可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟跳動的周期與人感覺害怕的可能性之間存在聯(lián)系。
14．The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication
答案：C 細節(jié)理解題，由第四段第一句話可知，本次研究是通過向20名志愿者展示令人恐懼的圖片來測驗他們的反應(yīng)來進行的。
15．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A．Order.
B．System.
C．Machine.
D．Treatment.
答案：B 詞義猜測題，由第六段可以得知，心臟和大腦能夠“對話”來改變情感、減少恐懼，所依賴的當然應(yīng)該是身體中的某個系統(tǒng)。
16．This study may contribute to ________.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the key to the heartbrain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案：A 細節(jié)理解題，由文章最后一段可知，本項研究對研發(fā)解決焦慮癥和由于壓力大而產(chǎn)生的紊亂治療方法會有幫助。
