2024屆高考英語二輪精品課件：第3部分 閱讀理解 專題2 推理判斷類
2.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to
“ ”.?
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news
D.some comment 答案及剖析: 2.C 詞義猜測題。由第二段中的We would talk about the news of
the day; no matter how insignificant...(我們會談論這一天的資訊,無論多么微不足道……)可知,it指代前面的the news,故答案為C項。 3.It can be learned from the passage that the author .?
A.enjoyed talking about news
B.knew very well about Nepal
C.felt regret about those wasted days
D.appreciated his father’s educational technique 答案及剖析: 3.D 推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的His technique has served
me well all my life.可知D項正確。 4.What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?
A.Continual learning. B.Showing talents.
C.Family get-together. D.Winning Papa’s approval. 答案及剖析: 4.A 推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的...the value of continual
learning.可知,對作者來說,兒時長期堅持的晚餐時間的交流實際上是一種持續不斷的學習,而這正是“dinner time”的價值所在。故答案為A項。 5.The author’s father can be best described as .?
A.an educator expert at training future teachers
B.a parent insistent on his children’s education
C.a participant willing to share his knowledge
D.a teacher strict about everything his students did 答案及剖析: 5.B 推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的He was determined that none
of his children would be denied(拒絕) an education.可知,作者的父親是一個堅持讓孩子受教育的人。 語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。家境貧寒的父親人窮志不窮,一生都在努力學習。父親很重視讓孩子接受教育,并利用家庭這一平臺讓孩子學到很多東西,讓他們受益終生。 1.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? 2.This passage/text would most likely be found in/taken from... 3.Where does this text probably come from? 4.What can be inferred from the passage? 5.We can infer from the text that.../According to the
passage/text/author,we can... 6.Which of the following words/statements does... 7.Why did the author mention.../How did the... 8.The author implies that... 9.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that... 10.The passage is probably written/intended for... 專題二 推理判斷類 設問方式 11.The author uses the examples of...to show that... 12.What’s the author’s attitude towards/opinion on... 13.The writer of the passage seems to think that... 14.What did sb.mean when he/she said... 15.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 16.What type of writing is this text? 17.Which of the following reflects the author’s opinion? 18.The author develops the text by .? 考點一 推理判斷題
【典例】
(2024新課標全國Ⅰ,D片段)
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the “talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn’t always easy.The customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-are quick to intellectualize (高談闊論),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’,or ‘people think’,”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French.But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist.”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t be France. 33.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A.They are less frequently visited.
B.They stay open for longer hours.
C.They have bigger night crowds.
D.They start to serve fast food. 答案及剖析: 33.A 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵信息詞French lifestyle changes可以定位到第二段。由Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可知,這些年來,巴黎人的咖啡館已經淪為受害者,因為法國人的生活方式發生了改變,例如工作時間的加長、快餐的出現以及年輕人渴望在家里度過更多的時間。由此可以推斷出人們來咖啡館的次數減少了。故選項A正確。B、C兩項所述恰恰是咖啡館人氣更旺的表現,與文章內容不符;D項是對a fast-food boom的誤解。 34.What are theme cafes expected to do?
A.Create more jobs.
B.Supply better drinks.
C.Save the cafe business.
D.Serve the neighborhood. 答案及剖析: 34.C 細節理解題。根據第二段的Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可知,新的主題咖啡館似乎在改變目前這一局面,the situation指的是前面所描述的咖啡館生意慘淡的狀況,由此可知新的主題咖啡館旨在挽救咖啡館的生意。 35.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A.They bring people true friendship.
B.They give people spiritual support.
C.They help people realize their dreams.
D.They offer a platform for business links. 答案及剖析: 35.B 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞becoming popular可以定位到最后一段。由第一句The city’s “psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.可知,心理學咖啡館受歡迎是因為它們給人們提供心靈上的慰藉,接下來第二、三、四句等內容都印證了這一觀點。故選項B正確。A項強調帶來真正的友誼;C項強調幫人們實現夢想;D項強調提供了商業聯系的平臺,均不符合文意。 考點二 材料出處或讀者對象題 【典例】
(2024廣東,B片段)
When I was nine years old,I loved to go fishing with my dad.But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.He always answered,“Son,if you want to catch a fish,you have to think like a fish.”I remember being even more upset then because,“I’m not a fish!”I didn’t know how to think like a fish.Besides,I reasoned,how could what I think influence what a fish does?
As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant.So,I read some books on fish.And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings.I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Besides,water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet,fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮)and the sun hurts their eyes....The more I understood fish,the more I became effective at finding and catching them.
When I grew up and entered the business world,I remember hearing my first boss say,“We all need to think like salespeople.”But it didn’t completely make sense.My dad never once said,“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.”What he said was,“You need to think like a fish.”Years later,with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters. 35.This passage most likely comes from .?
A.a fishing guide
B.a popular sales book
C.a novel on childhood D.a millionaire’s biography 剖析:B 推理判斷題。根據最后一段后幾句...with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers...I will show you how in the following chapters.可知,本文很有可能來自一本有關銷售的書。 名師在線
解答這類問題應從文章的內容或結構來判斷其出處。 1.報紙:前面會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱。 2.廣告:因其格式特殊,容易辨認。 3.產品說明:器皿、設備的使用說明會有產品名稱或操作方式,而藥品的服
用說明會告知服用時間、次數、藥量等。如果沒有以上格式,就需要根
據文章內容進行推斷。 4.文章內容不同所用詞匯也不同,如小說、童話、旅游、教育、科技、網
絡等必然出現其專用詞匯,由此我們可以快速判斷出所屬類別。 考點三 觀點態度題 【典例1】
(2024重慶,A片段) I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying?” 剖析:D 觀點態度題。史密斯老師給作者打了“A”,并且寫了批語。See what you can do when you keep trying?形式上為問句,實則是對作者鼓勵的話語,她是在鼓勵作者只要不懈努力就一定能戰勝困難取得成功。因此選擇D項。 38. What was Mrs.Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of
the story?
A.Angry. B.Impatient.
C.Sympathetic.
D.Encouraging.
【典例2】
(2024湖北,E片段)
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(誘惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks,author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement,appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however,is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?
To answer these questions,Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(學科).Considering this,you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常規的),and perhaps unfortunate,way. Instead of introducing scientific theories,he tells a story,within which he tries to make his points,perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica,the hero and heroine in his story,live through childhood,we hear about the science of child development,and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear and,to be fair,some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,for instance,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters,the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A.Contradictory.
B.Supportive.
C.Cautious.
D.Critical. 剖析:D 觀點態度題。根據第三段的第三句But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常規的),and perhaps unfortunate,way.及短文最后的...the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.可知,作者對這本書持“批評”態度,所以選擇D項。 名師在線
作者或文中人物的情感、態度往往隱含在文章的字里行間,考生應學會揣測和體會修飾性詞語。在判斷的過程中,應特別注意作者在文中的措辭,尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞。千萬不能主觀臆想、憑空想象、隨意揣測,更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。在很多文章中,作者對人物或事件有明顯的情感傾向,事件中人物與人物之間也會存在相互的評價等。準確地把握人物的情感、態度有利于從整體上理解文章的寫作意圖及從細節上理解人物之間的關系和事件發生的前因后果。 1.要學會辨別清楚文章的體裁。高考閱讀理解題涉及各類文章,以議論
文為主,文章的主題句往往會直接或間接地表明作者的態度、立場;說
明文,因為其體裁的客觀性,所以作者往往采取中立態度;記敘文,因
為作者寫作時也常帶有某種感情傾向性,所以考生在讀這種體裁的文
章時要細心捕捉表達或暗示情感、態度的詞或短語,捕捉那些烘托氣
氛、表達情感或態度的詞句。 2.要分清選項中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對或否定的詞語,再以此對
照文章內容。下面是一些常見的有關作者情感、態度的詞語:
(1)表示支持或肯定的詞語
positive積極樂觀的;supportive支持的;optimistic樂觀的;
humorous幽默的;enthusiastic熱情的;pleasant愉快的等。
(2)表示中立的詞語
indifferent不感興趣的,漠不關心的,中立的;uninterested不感興
趣的;neutral中立的;subjective主觀的;objective客觀的等。
(3)表示反對或否定的詞語
disgusted憎惡的,厭惡的;critical批評的;negative否定的,消極
的;suspicious懷疑的;disappointed失望的;ironic諷刺的等。
(4)表示情感的詞語
bitter令人不快的;emotional情緒激動的;angry氣憤的;serious嚴
肅的;concerned關切的等。 考點四 文章結構題 【典例1】
(2024陜西,C片段)
The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物種) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威脅) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.
Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(種植園) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A. B. C. D. (P:Paragraph) 剖析:A 文章結構題。通讀全文可知,文章第一段從整體上介紹咖啡豆的新的種植技術帶來的危害,中間第二、三、四段詳細介紹了具體的危害,最后一段介紹這種新的種植技術影響我們生活的各個層面,消費者要作出正確的選擇。因此,整篇文章屬于“總—分—總”結構,故選A項。 【典例2】
