2024屆高考英語二輪精品課件：第1部分 語法填空 專題1 有提示詞類試題
答案及剖析: 1.surprised 考查派生詞的用法。根據句意可知,此處應該填形容詞surprised,表示“吃 驚的”。 2.which 考查關系代詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處引導非限制性定語從句,指代整個主句,填關系代詞which。 3.really 考查派生詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處在定語從句中作狀語,修飾動詞,因此填副詞really。 4.children 考查名詞復數的用法。根據語境可知,此處填復數形式children。 5.a 考查冠詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處指“一個電話”,應填不定冠詞a。 6.had been sent 考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,賓語從句缺少謂語動詞,根據語境用過去完成時的被動語態形式,所以填had been sent。 7.of 考查介詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填of,構成介詞短語because of。 8.to help 考查非謂語動詞的用法。decide to do sth.意思是“決定做某事”。 9.drawn 考查非謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處構成with的復合結構,draw與賓語her name,a smile card and a big smile之間表示被動關系,所以填過去分詞drawn。 10.when 考查連詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處引導狀語從句,表示“當……時候”,因此用when。
Passage 2 (2024山西高考考前質量檢測三)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
When I was starting my own business,I always asked those successful businessmen either offline 1. online about their experiences.The best advice I ever got was similar to this statement:You are 2. (respond) for your own experience.?
Soon I realized that this is true for everything in life.
In my opinion,one of the mistakes that we make as 3. (human) is to look up to someone as our “role model”.4. the concept of “role model” is good,what it can potentially lead to can be dangerous.We always try to convince 5. (we) that if we copy their success stories then we will be naturally end 6. with the same success.This isn’t true at all.It’s their experience that made them what they are.You can’t repeat that.Once I 7. (open) a firm to make electronic devices,and I regarded Bill Gates as my role model.I had thought that years later I would be as successful as him.But the result was just contrary to my 8. (expect),and I failed.As time went on,I realized that different persons have different strong points,abilities and capabilities.So stop 9. (try) to copy others’ experiences,but build your own.Enjoy what life throws at you and make the 10. (well) out of it.? 答案及剖析: 1.or 考查連詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填連詞or,構成either...or...結構。 2.responsible 考查派生詞的用法。分析句子成分可知,此處作表語,應該填形容詞responsible。 3.humans 考查名詞復數的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的復數形式humans。 4.Though/Although 考查連詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填一個連詞,根據語境填連詞Though/Although。 5.ourselves 考查代詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處需要填反身代詞ourselves。 6.up 考查副詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處需要填副詞up,構成短語end up with。 7.opened 考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填謂語動詞,根據語境用一般過去 時,所以填opened。 8.expectation 考查派生詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的名詞形式expectation。 9.trying 考查非謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填動詞-ing形式,構成短語stop doing sth,意思是“停止做某事”。 10.best 考查最高級的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的最高級形式best,構成短語make the best of,表示“盡量利用”。 Passage 3 (2024唐山三模) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Carson:Luki,1. did you find Cambridge when you first arrived?? Luki:Well,I like it here.I think the city is very beautiful. Carson:What about your living place? Luki:At first I 2. (stay) with a family for three months.They were very kind
to me 3. they had three young children and they were making noise every
day.I found 4. difficult to study,so after three months I moved out and
now I live with two other students in a student house.It’s much 5. (ch
eap) and we like it there.? Carson:Good.Then,6. language difficulties,how have you found the course? ? Luki:Well,7. main difficulty is to get time on the computers in the computer
room.They are always busy and this makes it very hard for me 8. (do) my
practical work.It would 9. (possible) help if we could reserve computer
time,I think.? Carson:Yes.I’ll look into that and see if something can be done to improve
10. (thing) over there.Or we may need to buy more computers.? 答案及剖析: 1.how 考查疑問副詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填疑問副詞how。How do you find...?意思是“你認為……怎么樣?”。 2.stayed 考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞,根據語境用一般過去時,所以填stayed。 3.but 考查連詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填一個并列連詞,上下文之間表示轉折關系,因此填連詞but。 4.it 考查代詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處填代詞it,在句中作形式賓語。 5.cheaper 考查比較級的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的比較級形式cheaper。 6.besides 考查介詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填介詞besides,表示“除了”。 7.the 考查冠詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處表示特指,需要填定冠詞the。 8.to do 考查非謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處構成動詞不定式復合結構,在句中作真正的賓語。 9.possibly 考查派生詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處修飾動詞,在句中作狀語,應填提示詞的副詞形式possibly。 10.things 考查名詞復數的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的復數形式things,表示“情況”。 Passage 4
(2024太原三模) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Marie:Hi,Helen! It’s good to see you again. Helen:Yes,it’s been quite a while,Marie.And you look 1. (differ) from the last time I saw
you.? Marie:Yeah,ever since I got married I 2. (put) on weight.My husband’s a good cook.? Helen:But don’t blame your husband’s good cooking.You need to start exercising again. Marie:I know I should.But after I come home from work,I’m too tired to exercise.And I don’t have
any place 3. (take) any exercise anyway.? Helen:Have you thought about joining 4. excellent health club?? Marie:I have.But it’s expensive and I just don’t have the time. Helen:I’m a member of Spa Fitness and you’d be surprised how 5. (expensive) a year’s
membership is and most of the 6. (member) are just “normal” people who take exercise
for about an hour just three times a week.? Marie:7. (sound) reasonable.I mean,you look strong and handsome enough.? Helen:Well,to tell the truth,I haven’t always looked like this! After I turned 30,I couldn’t fit
into my favourite jeans any more.I was feeling fat.I didn’t have any energy. Marie:That’s how I feel.I mean,exercise sounds like something 8. would make me feel more
tired.? Helen:That’s what most people think about exercise.The funny thing is,once you take 9. a
regular exercise programme,you start feeling much 10. (good) immediately.? 答案及剖析: 1.different 考查派生詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填提示詞的形容詞形式,在句中作表語,所以填different。 2.have put/have been putting 考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填謂語動詞,根據時間狀語ever since I got married及語境用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。 3.to take 考查非謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填非謂語動詞。根據語境在句中作定語,填動詞不定式。 4.an 考查冠詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填不定冠詞an。 5.inexpensive 考查派生詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處應該填形容詞,表示“廉價的”,所以填提示詞的反義詞inexpensive。 6.members 考查名詞復數的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的復數形式members。 7.Sounds 考查謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,本句為省略句,省略了主語it,所以填謂語動詞sounds。 8.that 考查關系代詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞something,從句中缺少主語,所以填關系代詞that。 9.up 考查副詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處需要填副詞up,構成短語take up,意思是“參加”。 10.better 考查比較級的用法。根據語境可知,此處填提示詞的比較級形式better。 提示:①動詞-ing形式作定語還可以表示它所修飾的名詞的用途,二者不存在邏輯上的主謂關系。如: This passage can be used as listening materials. 這篇文章可以被用作聽力材料。 ②動詞-ing形式的完成式一般不用來作定語。 【變式訓練】 單句改錯 1.This method,calls seeding,has been very helpful to farmers,and it
made him win much fame.
? 2.If we get the chance to hosting the British students,I will act
as a guide and show them around the city.
?
? 3.The boy lived next door is a college student. ?
? 答案及剖析: 1.calls→called 根據語境可知,此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語,由于動詞call與所修飾的名詞this method之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,表被動,所以用過去分詞。 2.hosting→host 根據語境可知,此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語,“做某事的機會”應該用chance to do sth.。 3.lived→living 根據語境可知,此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語,由于所修飾的名詞the boy與動詞live之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,表主動,所以用動詞-ing形式。 三、動詞不定式作定語時其主動式與被動式的區別
當作定語的動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者時,動詞不定式既可用主動式,也可用被動式,但其含義有所不同。試比較: Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎?(send 的動作執行者是“你”,即“你”是to send動作的邏輯主語,并且send與anything構成邏輯上的動賓關系。這時動詞不定式作定語用主動形式表達被動含義。) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎? [send的動作執行者是“我”或“別人”,不是“你”,即“你”(句子的主語)不是send這一動作的邏輯主語,這時要用動詞不定式的被動式。] 【變式訓練】 完成句子 1.—Boss,do you have any letters ? ?
——老板,你還有信要打出來嗎?
—No,thanks.
——沒了,謝謝。 2.—Would you like to go out for a walk?
——你想出去散步嗎?
—Sorry,but I have .
——對不起,我有一些重要的事情要處理。
答案:1.to be typed 2.something important to deal with 考點三 派生詞
在有提示詞的試題中,有一類是考查派生詞。這類試題主要根據所填詞在句中所作的成分確定詞類,結合語境確定答案。 1.作主語或在及物動詞、介詞、冠詞、形容詞、物主代詞等詞類后考慮用
名詞形式(有時也可能用動詞-ing形式)。如果所給單詞是其他詞類,就
要將其改為名詞,并注意名詞數的變化。 【典例1】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.(2024新課標全國Ⅱ)? 答案及剖析:ability 根據前面的物主代詞their可知,此處應該填名詞,所以填ability。 【典例2】 His friend advised him to write down the useful (express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary.? 答案及剖析:expressions 根據語境可知,所填詞在句中作write down的賓語,應該填提示詞的名詞形式,根據them可知用復數形式。 【典例3】 The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady (grow) of bigger languages.? 答案及剖析:growth 空格處作because of的賓語,后面是作定語的介詞短語,可以確定應該填提示詞的名詞形式growth。 【典例4】 He is one of the (science) who support this theory.? 答案及剖析:scientists 空格處前面為冠詞the,后面是who引導的定語從句,可以確定應該填名詞,根據“one of+復數名詞”結構可知,用表示人的復數名詞scientists。 【典例5】 If everybody realizes the (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution,the problem will be solved.? 答案及剖析:importance 分析句子成分可知,此處作動詞realizes的賓 語,應該填提示詞的名詞形式importance。 【典例6】 Tourism should also advance the wealth and . (happy) of local inhabitants.? 答案及剖析:happiness 分析句子成分可知,此處與wealth一起作動詞advance的賓語,應該填一個名詞。 【典例7】 Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his (strong)and get ready for a day’s work.? 答案及剖析:strength 根據語境可知,此處作 bring back的賓語,應該填提示詞的名詞形式strength。 名師在線 (1)根據名詞的功能來判斷是否需要填名詞。名詞在句中可以作主語、
賓語、表語、定語、同位語、賓語補足語等。做題時可以根據提示
詞在句中所作的成分判斷空格處是否需要填名詞。 (2)根據語境來判斷是否需要填名詞。
名詞通常出現在及物動詞、形容詞、介詞以及限定詞之后。
常見的限定詞包括冠詞(a,an,the)、形容詞性物主代詞(my,your等)、
名詞所有格(Mary’s,John’s等)、不定代詞(one,some,any,each,
many,all,both,another,other等)、疑問詞(whose,what,which等)等。 (3)填名詞時,一定要注意單復數及拼寫。 特別提示
作主語或在及物動詞、介詞后作賓語時一般用名詞或動詞-ing形式。如果所給單詞為動詞,就要看該動詞是否有名詞形式。如果有名詞形式,就用其名詞形式,如果該動詞沒有名詞形式,就用其動詞-ing形式。 (1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting.
動詞attend本身有名詞形式attention,所以不用動詞-ing形式attending。 (2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse.
動詞arrive本身有名詞形式arrival,所以不用動詞-ing形式arriving。 (3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late.
動詞come沒有名詞形式,所以用動詞-ing形式coming。 (4)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate).
I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech. 2.名詞前、系動詞后一般用形容詞。 【典例1】 As (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2024新課標全國Ⅱ)? 答案及剖析:natural 根據語境可知,此處位于介詞As和名詞architects之間,需要填一個形容詞作定語,所以填natural。 【典例2】 There are more and more cars and buses on the roads, and they give off (poison) gases.? 答案及剖析:poisonous 根據語境可知,此處作定語,修飾名詞gases,應該填提示詞的形容詞形式poisonous。 【典例3】 I cannot control my body well.My legs become . (pain).(2024遼寧)? 答案及剖析:painful 根據語境可知,此處在句中作表語,填提示詞的形容詞形式painful。 【典例4】 I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden,a huge,(hair) creature jumped out in front of my car,opened the car door,carried me on his shoulders,...? 答案及剖析:hairy 根據語境可知,此處與huge一起作定語修飾名詞creature,因此填提示詞的形容詞形式hairy,意思是“多毛的”。 【典例5】 And we had a (love) dinner,one of your favorites,green cabbage,soup and fresh salad.? 答案及剖析:lovely 根據語境可知,此處作定語,修飾名詞dinner,應該填提示詞的形容詞形式lovely。 【典例6】 Oh,we give everyone a list of (suit) clothes and all the things to bring.? 答案及剖析:suitable 根據語境可知,此處作定語,修飾名詞clothes,應該填提示詞的形容詞形式。 【典例7】 When we need help,we might not know how to ask for help.It is not (please) to have an experience like that.? 答案及剖析:pleasant 根據前面的系動詞be可知,此處在句中作表語,應該填提示詞的形容詞形式。 【典例8】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).(2024新課標全國Ⅱ) ? 答案及剖析:disappointed 根據語境可知,此處和形容詞anxious一起在句中作表語,表示“失望的”,修飾人,因此填提示詞的形容詞形式disappointed。 名師在線 名詞前設空,此空所需詞多數情況下是作定語的,因此應該考慮該詞的形容詞形式,這就要求考生牢記一些構成形容詞的常見后綴,如-ful,-ous,-al, -y,-ly,-tive,-able,-less等。 3.動詞前后、形容詞前后可能填副詞。 【典例1】 The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2024湖北,29改編)? 答案及剖析:gradually 分析句子結構可知,此處需用提示詞的副詞形式修飾動詞get。 【典例2】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.(2024新課標全國Ⅱ) ? 答案及剖析:slowly 分析句子結構可知,此處在句中作狀語,應該用副詞。 【典例3】 But she simply sits beside a big silver plate,pouring cups of tea for everyone and (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches.? 答案及剖析:skillfully 此處修飾作狀語的動詞-ing形式短語,所以要使用提示詞的副詞形式。 【典例4】 Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.(2024新課標全國Ⅱ) ? 答案及剖析:suddenly 根據語境可知,此處在句中作狀語,修飾系動詞became,因此應該填提示詞的副詞形式。 【典例5】 About 20 minutes later,Lizzie managed to
. (succeed) pull herself and Nancy out of the water and onto a bit of high land.? 答案及剖析:successfully 此處用所給動詞的副詞形式作狀語,修飾動詞pull。 【典例6】 The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.(2024新課標全國Ⅰ) ? 答案及剖析:actually 此處修飾動詞,在句中作狀語,應該用提示詞的副詞形式。 名師在線 所填單詞作狀語時,考慮副詞。副詞主要用來修飾動詞。副詞在句中的位置比較靈活,可位于動詞之前也可以位于動詞之后,因此如果動詞前或后設空且提示詞為形容詞,首先考慮副詞形式。因此考生需要注意由形容詞變為副詞的規則,最常見的是以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞,要變y為i,再加-ly。 4.主語后或動詞不定式標志to后通常填動詞。 【典例1】 It costs a lot of money if we plan to (pure) the waste water.? 答案及剖析:purify 根據語境可知,此處位于to之后,與to一起構成動詞不定式短語,在句中作動詞plan的賓語,因此應該填提示詞的動詞形式purify。 【典例2】 And you should take up a little weight training to
(strength) your muscles or perhaps try cycling to improve your heart blood flow.? 答案及剖析:strengthen 根據語境可知,此處位于to之后,與to一起構成動詞不定式短語,在句中作目的狀語,因此應該填提示詞的動詞形式strengthen。 【典例3】 Try your best to (memory) these new words.? 答案及剖析:memorize 根據語境可知,此處位于to之后,與to一起構成動詞不定式短語,因此應該填提示詞的動詞形式memorize。 【典例4】 You can (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.? 答案及剖析:enlarge 根據語境可知,此處與情態動詞一起作謂語動詞,后接賓語,因此應該填提示詞的動詞形式enlarge。 5.有時考查提示詞的反義詞。
【典例1】 Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the office.? 答案及剖析:unnecessary 在名詞work前作定語,仍用形容詞形式。但根據句意可知,錯誤引起不必要的麻煩,所以填所給形容詞的反義詞unnecessary。 【典例2】 It’s (possible) to complete the project in such a short time.? 答案及剖析:impossible 此處需要填形容詞作表語,根據語境用所給形容詞的反義詞impossible。 【典例3】 (fortunately),I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return.? 答案及剖析:Unfortunately 根據句意,這里指“不幸的是”,所以填提示詞的反義詞unfortunately。 名師在線
括號中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉換。詞性不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系在詞根前加un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-,dis-,non-等,在詞根后加-less等。 特別提示
and,or,but等為并列連詞,它們前后的詞的形式應該是一致的,因此做語法填空題時可根據這一特點來答題,如singing and laughing,walk or run,better but cheaper等都是并列結構。
考點四 比較等級
提示詞為形容詞或副詞時,常考查比較級或最高級形式。 【典例1】 Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.(2024新課標全國Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:cleaner 由than和句意可知,此處填提示詞的比較級形式cleaner。 【典例2】 Speaking of all the songs he has written I think probably this is the (well-known) one.? 答案及剖析:best-known 根據句意及句中“of all the songs”可知,此處應該填所給形容詞的最高級形式。 名師在線
判斷和解答有關比較等級的題要注意以下幾點: (1)as...as之間要用原級; (2)如果兩者之間有than,或者沒有than但上下文暗含了比較的意味時,要用比較級; (3)注意 “less/least+原級” 這樣的降級比較; (4)如果是三者或三者以上進行比較或者有in,of等介詞短語表示比較范圍,要用最高級; (5)比較級前可以有even,much,far,a great deal,a lot,a bit,a little等詞語修飾。 (6)最高級前可以有the second,the very,much the,(by) far the等詞語修飾。 特別提示
考生要特別注意一些形容詞、副詞的比較級或最高級的不規則形式,如:well/good→better→best;bad/badly→worse→worst;far→farther /further→farthest/furthest。 考點五 名詞復數、代詞變形、序數詞等 語法填空題有時考查名詞復數、代詞變形、序數詞等。 【典例1】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2024新課標全國Ⅰ)? 答案及剖析:paintings 考查名詞復數的用法。根據語境可知,此處前有many修飾,應填提示詞的復數形式。 【典例2】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.(2024新課標全國Ⅰ) ? 答案及剖析: changes 考查名詞復數形式。分析句子結構可知,此處需要填句子的主語,根據主謂一致的原則,此處填提示詞的復數形式。 【典例3】 A few hours before/earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.(2024新課標全國Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:its 考查代詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處需要填物主代詞its。 【典例4】 Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear! It’s (I)”.? 答案及剖析:me/mine 考查代詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處填人稱代詞me指代丟手提箱的人,也可以用名詞性物主代詞mine指代my suitcase(我的手提箱)。 【典例5】 With that,Thomas Jefferson,the (three) president of the US,turned his horse around and went away.? 答案及剖析:third 考查序數詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處表示“第三”,填提示詞的序數詞形式。 體驗真題 Passage 1 (2024新課標全國Ⅰ) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Yangshuo,China
