福建省長泰一中2024屆高三英語一輪復習：人教版必修五《Unit 1 Great Scientists》課件

　　With + n./pron. + 介詞短語

　　He sat there with a smile on his face. (2) With + n./pron. + 副詞

　　With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room. (3) With + n./pron. + 不定式

　　With so much work to do, he could not go home. (4) With + n./pron. + 現在分詞

　　The street was quiet with no buses running. (5) With + n./pron. + 過去分詞

　　In came a man with his hands tied back. (6) With + n./pron. + 形容詞

　　He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest. Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1） He told us of the great wrong done to him. =

　　He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.

　　which had been done 注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成。 2） The United States is a developed country.

　　= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .

　　which has developed 注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。 3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge

　　______________________ there?

　　which is being built 注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，表示被動的動作正在進行。 二、過去分詞作表語 1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態，其前的系動詞有包括be在內的多種形式。

　　e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．

　　聽了他的發言，在場的所有人都很振奮。

　　You seem frightened.

　　你似乎受了驚嚇。 2、過去分詞作表語，構成的系表結構與被動語態的區別：

　　過去分詞作表語，強調主語的特點或所處的狀態；而被動語態中，主語是動詞所表示動作的承受者。

　　e.g.：This shop is now closed．

　　這家商店現在已經關門了。(狀態)

　　This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．

　　這家商店每天6點關門。(動作）

　　Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. 1. 丟了錢他自責不已。 He ______________ about losing the money. 2、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？ Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days?

　　3.我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。

　　I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.

　　got blamed look so tired was disappointed with 4.聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star． 5.要去動物園了，孩子們非常興奮。

　　The children ______________________ going to the zoo． 6.他的傷口感染了一種新病毒.

　　His wound ___________________ a new virus．

　　was shocked are really excited about became infected with Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

　　A. knowing

　　B. known

　　C. being known

　　D. to be known 高考鏈接 B 解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表示被動。 2.

　　The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

　　A. recorded

　　B. recording

　　C. to be recorded

　　D. having recorded 高考鏈接 A 解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表示。 3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.

　　A. being known

　　B. having been known

　　C. to be known

　　D. known 高考鏈接 D 解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構成動賓關系，故用過去分詞表示被動。 4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A. to smell

　　B. smelling

　　C. smelt

　　D. to be smelt 高考鏈接 B 解析：答案B。此處為現在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動詞，不能用于被動語態，相當于which/that smells sweet。 Language points for Reading I

　　Language points for Reading II

　　1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London---so famous, indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 約翰.斯諾曾經是一位著名的醫生----他的確太富盛名了,以至于維多利亞女王生孩子時都是他去照料,幫助她順利分娩.

　　attend v. (1)to take care; give attention

　　注意,留意. 如:

　　We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later.

　　(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如: 醫生照看病人.

　　The doctor attended the patients. (3)to be present at 出席,到場. 如: attend school

　　上學 attend a lecture

　　聽講座 attend church

　　去教堂 attend (at) a wedding

　　出席婚禮 2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. exposed to cholera 在句子中是過去分詞用作后置定語,表示被動.意為 “患霍亂的”.如: The book written by LuXun is very popular. 魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的. 昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生. The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 發散思維： exposed

　　adj.

　　暴露的，暴露于風雨中的，無掩蔽的 exposedness

　　n.

　　暴露，顯露 開放思維: expose to

　　使易受，使受

　　expose sth to the light of day

　　把某事暴露于光天化日之下

　　expose a fraud

　　揭穿騙局 3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. every time 在這里是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當” e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us. 每次見到他，我就想起發生在我們之間的事情。 注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等與 every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為 “一…..就”。如： I

　　will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一見到他就把這封信給他。

　　I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就來了。

　　4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals . absorb…..into

　　吸收

　　如： e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.

　　這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。 absorb

　　v.

　　(1)吸收（液體）；承受；承擔. 如:

　　(2)to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of ; engross 吸引；使專心；使全神貫注

　　如: 我們不能承擔這些費用。 作家全神貫注的進行寫作，忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰.

　　The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. We’ll not absorb these charges. 他發現在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害，在十天之內就死去了五百多人。

　　5.He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. severe

　　v. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict

　　嚴厲的；苛刻的；嚴格的. 如: The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can

　　breathe freely again.

　　(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 劇痛的，劇烈的，嚴重的，難熬的

　　如: a severe attack of toothache. 要求苛嚴的教官已經出國.你可以完全放心。

　　牙痛的劇烈發作。 這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。 6. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. valuable (1)adj. worth of a lot of money

　　值錢的，貴重的

　　如： The watch is valuable. 這表很值錢。 a

　　valuable diamond.

　　貴重的鉆石。 (2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如: valuable information

　　(3)n. (常用復數形式)sth that worth a lot of money.

　　如: Cathy kept her valuables in a safe. 重大的消息 凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里.

　　7. It seemed the water was to blame.看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。 be+動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當于must, should, ought to 等。 如： No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police. 沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。 You are not to drop litter in the park. 公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。 8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 其次，約翰.斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源。 look into

　　看…...里面；to investigate 檢查；了解。 如： We’ll look into this matter together. 我們將一起調查這個問題。 開放思維： look on

　　觀看，面向，旁觀，看待 look out

　　面朝，留神，照料 look over

　　從上面看，察看，檢查 look around

　　環顧，觀光，察看 look through

　　看穿，審核，瀏覽，溫習 look up and down

　　仔細打量，到處尋找 look after

　　尋求，照顧，關心 9.In addition, he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 除此之外，他發現在倫敦的另一個地方有兩個死亡的病例與寬街爆發的霍亂有關聯。 in addition adv. as well as 另外 如： In addition, the course also produces practical experience. 此外這門功課還提供了實踐的基礎。 link…to... 把…與…連接；聯系

　　如： Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。 be linked to

　　連接

　　如： The two towns are linked by a railway. 10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease. announce v. to make known publicly 如： The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 有了這個證據，約翰.斯諾就能夠肯定的宣布，這種被污染的水攜帶病毒。 機長宣布飛機就要著陸了。 1. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　只有你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。

　　only if 只有；只要。當以only引導的短語或狀語從句放于句首時，為了加強語氣，句子需要倒裝。

　　1) Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.

　　2) Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.

　　make sense 講得通；有道理

　　1)看這里，讀這個句子，好像一點也講不通。

　　Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make sense.

　　2) 你編的故事我聽不明白。

　　Your story doesn’t make sense to me.

　　2. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。

　　with the planets going round it是with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語的結構，在句中作狀語。這一結構在句中常作定語或狀語，作賓補的可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞不定式等?，F將其基本形式歸納如下：

　　新課標人教版課件系列 《高中英語》

　　高考系列復習21 21《一輪課本復習課件 必修五 Unit 1 Great Scientists》

　　Unit 1

　　Great scientists 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison A. Charles Darwin 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? A. Marie Curie C. Charles Darwin B. Gregor Mendel 3.Who invent the first steam engine? A. Thomas Newcomen C. Thomas Edison B. Archimedes 4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children. A. Thomas Edison C. Archimedes B. Gregor Mendel 5. Who discovered radium? A. Marie Curie C. Newton B. Zhang Heng 6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? A. Stephen Hawking

　　　 C. Thomas Edison B. Archimedes 7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? A. Gregor Mendel C. Marie Curie B. Leonardo da Vinci

　　　 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? A. Sir Humphry Davy

　　　 C. Faraday B. Thomas Newcomen 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? A. Charles Darwin C. Watt

　　B. Zhang Heng 10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? A. Stephen Hawking C. Copernicus B. Archimedes Speaking activity Discuss in groups of four, which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future? One takes down the groupmates’ opinions, after that ,report the groupmates’ opinions to the whole class. Speaking (3m) 一、單詞拼寫 根據讀音、詞性和詞義寫出單詞。 1. ___________ [5hAndl]

　　n. 柄；把手v. 處理 2. ___________ [E5nauns] vt. 宣告；通知 3. _____________ [i5mi:djEtli] adv. 立即；馬上 4. ___________ [kEn5klu:d] vt. &vi. 結束；推斷出 5. ___________ [ri5pi:t] vt. &vi. 重復；重做 6. ___________ [kjuE] n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 痊愈 7.___________ [iks5pEuz] vt. 暴露；揭露 8. ___________ [vju:] n. 看法，見解；景色 9. ___________ [E5diFEn] n. 增加；加 10. ___________[5bAkwEd] adv.& adj. 向后地 handle announce

　　immediately

　　conclude repeat cure expose view addition backward

　　11.__________ [strikt] adj. 嚴格的，嚴密的 12. __________ [ri5dVekt] vt. 拒絕 13. __________ [bleim]v. 責備； 譴責 n.過失；責備 14. __________ [kEm5pli:t] adj. 完成的

　　vt. 完成，結束 15. __________ [kEn5trEul] vt.&n. 控制；支配 16. __________ [5vaiErEs] n. 病毒 17. __________ [E5tend] v. 看護；照料；出席；參加 18. __________ [5endVin] n. 發動機；引擎 19. __________ [di5fi:t] vt. 擊?。粦饎?n.失敗 20. __________ [in5strQkt] vt. 通知；指示；教導 instruct

　　strict

　　reject blame complete control virus attend engine defeat 二、單詞運用 根據句子的結構和意義，在空格處填入一個恰當的單詞或者用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。 1. Wilson__________ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last. 2. Keep indoors and don’t__________ your skin to the sun, or you’ll get sunburned. 3. The other day Henry lost__________ of himself and hit his wife, but later he made an apology to her. 4. After thinking long hard about it, we’ve c__________ that the right decision is to move to Chicago. 5. By a__________ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.

　　defeated

　　expose control

　　conclude analysing

　　6. The c_______________ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness. 7. A__________ in her papers, she didn’t notice my coming. 8. The result of this examination will be____________ (宣布) tomorrow. 9. Apart__________ the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 10. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led__________ the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. to

　　characteristic

　　Absorbed announced

　　from 三、詞語派生

　　用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。 1. The news was so____________ (inspire) that all of us were___________ (inspire). 2. We must prevent the water from_________________ (pollute). 3. We should study hard and be ready to make greater ______________(contribute) to our country in the future. 4. He did not show any________________ (enthusiastic) for our new plans. 5. The May 4th______________ (move) of 1919 is very important in the history of China. inspiring inspired