2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪課件優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí)（山東專用）人教版選修八Unit2　Cloning——克隆

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　　本部分內(nèi)容講解結(jié)束按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 ③Our teachers always pay_attention to combining theory with practice. 我們的老師們總是注意理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。 ④He had to work part-time so as to pay for his education. 他必須做兼職工作來(lái)支付學(xué)費(fèi)。 ⑤That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. 能夠回報(bào)人們給我的幫助讓我感到很開(kāi)心。 2in favour of　贊成；支持 (教材P12)Is it in favour of

　　cloning or against it? 它是贊成克隆行為還是反對(duì)克隆行為？歸納拓展 ①M(fèi)y sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of

　　it. 我姐姐反對(duì)我的提議，然而我弟弟卻贊成。 ②Could you do_me_a_favour and turn off the light? 請(qǐng)幫忙把燈關(guān)掉好嗎？ ③The exchange rate is not in our favour at the moment. 目前匯率對(duì)我們不利。跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.選詞填空 pay off；bring...back to life； in vain；be bound to；cast down；in good

　　condition；from time to time 1．His efforts to raise money for his program were ____________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. in vain 2．He was __________because he was forbidden to go out with his brothers. 3．My uncle comes to have dinner with us ________________________________. cast down from time to time 4．Keep on working hard like this，and your research _________________ achieve great success. 5．Thanks to the doctor’s treatment，the dying patient was______________________. is bound to brought back to life 6．I don’t care about the price，so long as the car is ____________________. 7．What made him happy was that after all these years he at last____________all his debts. in good condition paid off Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition. —Oh，really? I’m glad that her efforts at last________. A．worked out

　　B．got back C．paid off

　　D．turned out 解析：選C。答句句意為：噢，真的嗎？我很高興她的努力終于得到了好的結(jié)果。pay off(指冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的政策、做法等)帶來(lái)好結(jié)果，成功，行得通。又如：The gamble paid off.賭贏了。 2．I’m all __________ people doing whatever they want as long as they don’t bother anyone else. A．in favour with

　　B．in honor of C．in favour of

　　D．do a favour for 解析：選C。句意為：我完全支持人們做他們想做的事情，只要他們不妨礙別人。in favour of支持，贊同；in favour with sb.受某人支持；in honor of向……表示敬意；為紀(jì)念……；do a favour for sb.幫某人個(gè)忙。由句意可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 3．(2024·皖南八校模擬)Many young people left their hometown for big cities________better jobs. A．in favour of

　　B．in search of C．in charge of

　　D．in honour of 解析：選B。in favour of贊成，支持；in search of尋找；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；in honour of為向……表示敬意。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 (教材P11)Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來(lái)了令人煩惱的消息——多莉得了重病。句型精析【點(diǎn)津】　(1)表示方位、時(shí)間或方式的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 (2)本句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為同位語(yǔ)從句，that僅起連接作用，無(wú)實(shí)意。常見(jiàn)的后接同位語(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order,problem，belief，fear等。同位語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，也可以由連接代詞who，what，whose，which，連接副詞how，when，where，why或連詞whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 ①For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 有一會(huì)兒什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生。接下來(lái)傳來(lái)一起歡呼的聲音。 ②Then_came the news that the war was over. 接下來(lái)傳來(lái)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束的消息。 ③Out rushed the children. 孩子們沖了出去。 ④There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 ⑤The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.他當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的消息是真的。

　?、轙he question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被解決。 ⑦I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新圖書館將要建在哪里。跟蹤訓(xùn)練 1．The expert made a forecast in his report __________ housing prices in major cities would continue to rise in the next few years. A．that

　　B．why C．whether

　　D．where 解析：選A。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作forecast的同位語(yǔ)，具體解釋說(shuō)明forecast的內(nèi)容。 2．Thank you for your encouragement.It makes me hold the belief __________ we can also make a difference. A．whether

　　B．when C．that

　　D．where 解析：選C。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋belief的內(nèi)容。 3．—We have to stop talking here outside.__________！ —Hurry up or we’ll be late. A．There goes the bell

　　B．There does the bell go C．There the bell does go

　　D．Goes the bell there 解析：選A。here，there，now，then等副詞位于句首，主語(yǔ)為名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，come，go等詞，且為一般時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，句子常用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。 4．On the top of the mountain __________ which has a history of more than three hundred years. A．stands an old castle

　　B．a(chǎn)n old castle stands C．does an old castle stand

　　D．a(chǎn)n old castle does stand 解析：選A。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主語(yǔ)為名詞且謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞的陳述句時(shí)，句子常用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。

　　undertake a task 承擔(dān)任務(wù) undertake to do sth. 同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事 undertake that-clause 保證…… 歸納拓展 ①(朗文P2241)Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals. 已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了兩項(xiàng)新研究以確定這些化學(xué)制品的作用。 ②(牛津P2197)University professors both teach and undertake research.大學(xué)教授既要教學(xué)又要從事研究工作。 ③He undertook to

　　finish the job by Friday. 他答應(yīng)在星期五之前完成那項(xiàng)工作。 ④She undertook full responsibility for the new changes. 她為新變化承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。 3forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden)　vt. 　禁止，不準(zhǔn) (教材P12)Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...　有些政府開(kāi)始改革他們的法律制度，禁止進(jìn)行克隆人的研究…… 歸納拓展 ①(朗文P755)He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment.作為懲罰，他被禁止離開(kāi)基地。 ②(牛津P794)He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不準(zhǔn)他們?cè)偬徇@個(gè)問(wèn)題。 ③I will forbid_you_to_leave unless you apologize for what you have done.

　　如果你不為自己所做的事情道歉，我不允許你離開(kāi)。

　?、蹾e forbids_smoking during office hours. 他禁止在辦公時(shí)間抽煙。 4owe 　vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……，應(yīng)感謝 (教材P13)You owe the lady an apology. 你必須向這位女士道歉。歸納拓展 ①(牛津P1427)Thanks for helping me—I owe_you_a_favour. 謝謝你幫助我——我欠你一個(gè)人情。 ②These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動(dòng)和追求成功的決心。 ③If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher. 如果說(shuō)我有一些進(jìn)步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。 ④Owing_to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine.多虧她幫忙，我們才成功啟動(dòng)了引擎。 5bother　vt.打擾　vi.操心　n．煩擾 (教材P14)However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，之后她患上了嚴(yán)重的肺病的問(wèn)題使科學(xué)家們困擾。歸納拓展 ①What_bothers_me_most_is that he seems to take no interest in his work. 最使我傷腦筋的是，他似乎對(duì)自己的工作毫無(wú)興趣。 ②(牛津P221)I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。 ③(牛津P221)Sorry to bother you，but there is a call for you. 很抱歉打擾你一下，有你的電話。跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．The well-known scientist always says that he ______________________ _______________________(他的成功歸功于家人的支持)．

　　owes all his success to the support of his family 2．I __________________________ having been so rude to you last night(應(yīng)該向你道歉)． 3．Who do you think is the right person___________________________ (承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù))? owe you an apology for to undertake the task 4．He has even ________________________________(禁止我會(huì)見(jiàn))my friends online at the Internet café！ 5．Thinking they have grown up，the boys ____________________________ (反對(duì)像孩子一樣被對(duì)待)． forbidden me from meeting object to being treated like children Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．—Is there any possibility __________ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. A．when　

　　B．that C．whether

　　D．what 解析：選B。考查同位語(yǔ)從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，表示“你有沒(méi)有可能來(lái)機(jī)場(chǎng)接我？”。所以這里選B項(xiàng)。 2．He is a successful businessman；he __________ his success more to luck than to ability. A．a(chǎn)ttaches

　　B．a(chǎn)dapts C．owes

　　D．fastens 解析：選C。句意為：他是個(gè)成功的商人，他把他的成功歸功于運(yùn)氣而不是能力。owe...to符合句意。故選C。 3．—Will you continue to do it? —Of course.Nobody raised any __________ to my doing it right now. A．reason

　　B．objection C．concern

　　D．criterion 解析：選B。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，說(shuō)話人繼續(xù)做是因?yàn)闆](méi)有人提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，故選B項(xiàng)。objection不贊成，反對(duì)，異議。 4．I __________ it to my teacher to take a better-paid post if I can get one. A．owe

　　B．belong C．give

　　D．donate 解析：選A。句意為：如果我能得到較好的職位，我應(yīng)感激我的老師。owe...to...受……恩惠，感激……，符合語(yǔ)意要求。 5．The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes，__________ after 11 p．m.. A．in staying out

　　B．to stay out C．staying out

　　D．stay out 解析：選B。forbid sb.to do sth.意為“禁止某人做某事”，為固定短語(yǔ)，此處為其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)精釋 1pay off　得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 (教材P11)But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.　但是決心和耐心使科學(xué)家們最終于1996年收獲了突破性的結(jié)果——克隆羊“多莉”。歸納拓展 pay sb.for sth.＝pay sth.to sb.for sth. 付錢給某人作為……的費(fèi)用 pay for sth.為某事吃苦頭或受懲罰；花錢買某物 pay back還錢；報(bào)復(fù) pay attention to注意 pay a visit to訪問(wèn) ①(朗文P1503)Mr.Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts. 李先生周末開(kāi)出租車賺錢以還清他的所有債務(wù)。 ②Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid_off. 她的設(shè)計(jì)在比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。多年的耐心和艱苦的工作終于得到了好的結(jié)果。 Unit 2　Cloning——克隆基礎(chǔ)盤點(diǎn)自測(cè)自評(píng) 核心單詞

　　1．People____________(不同)from one another in their ability to handle stress. 2．The figures may not be____________(精確地)right，but they’re close enough. differ exactly 3．Scientists are hoping for a________________(突破)in the search for a cure for cancer. 4．We have____________(積聚)a great amount of evidence against him. breakthrough accumulated 5．This is a book that is often mentioned in the____________(媒體)． 6．However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease____________(打擾)scientists. media bothered 7．You should follow the normal procedure if you want to____________(承擔(dān))the law case. 8．The scientists have made a breakthrough in the research to____________(抵抗)the deadly disease. undertake resist 9．用object 的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no ____________ to it. (2)Some members of the committee ____________to my proposal，which made me disappointed. objections objected 10．用assume的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)We are working on the ____________that the conference will take place as planned. (2)____________that his story is true,what should we do? assumption Assuming 高頻短語(yǔ)

　　1．________________得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 2．________________

　　沮喪；不愉快 3．________________

　　反對(duì) 4．________________

　　贊成；支持 5．________________

　　把……歸功于…… pay off cast down object to in favour of owe...to... 6．__________________

　　一定或注定(做)…… 7．__________________________

　　使……刻骨銘心 8．________________

　　不時(shí)；偶爾 (be)bound to (do)．.. strike...into one’s heart from time to time 9．________________

　　使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 10．________________

　　白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī) 11．_______________________

　　狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 bring back to life in vain in good/poor condition 典型句式

　　1．news＋that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句 Then came _________________________________ ________________________(多莉病重的壞消息)． the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill 2．whether...or無(wú)論……還是…… However，scientists still wonder _________________________________ (克隆技術(shù)對(duì)人類有幫助還是有害)and where it is leading us. whether cloning will help or harm us 3．with＋n./pron.＋過(guò)去分詞 Diversity in group means having animals _________________________ _________________________(擁有排列方式不同的基因)．

　　with their genes arranged in different ways 4．The advantage is that... 優(yōu)點(diǎn)是…… _________________________(其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是)if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. The advantage is that 同位語(yǔ)從句 1．He gave up the job for the reason __________ he could see no chances for further development in the company. A．That

　　B．why C．because

　　D．where 單元語(yǔ)法解析：選A。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明reason的具體內(nèi)容。that在句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分。 2．What’s your opinion of Mrs.Li’s request __________ we should spend half an hour reading English every morning? A．why

　　B．that C．how

　　D．whether 解析：選B。從句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作request的同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明request的具體內(nèi)容。 3．The king made a promise __________ anyone cured his only son,he would give away half of his money to him. A．that

　　B．if C．that if

　　D．if that 解析：選C。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么樣的諾言。在該同位語(yǔ)從句中，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 4．Word came __________ his son would be sent abroad to study business management sometime next year. A．that

　　B．whether C．why

　　D．how 解析：選A。word came that...意思是“有消息說(shuō)……”，其中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，具體解釋說(shuō)明word的內(nèi)容。 5．(2024·吉林省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)檢測(cè))The problem will appear __________ a different welfare system will be created. A．unless

　　B．whether C．until

　　D．if 解析：選B。考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意為：是否創(chuàng)立一個(gè)不同的社會(huì)福利體系這個(gè)問(wèn)題將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這是一個(gè)分隔式的同位語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)此同位語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，故排除D項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)串講講練互動(dòng) 單詞精研 1object　vi.反對(duì)；不贊成　n．物體；目標(biāo) (教材P12)On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.　另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)，對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。歸納拓展 ①(牛津P1372)If nobody objects，we’ll postpone the meeting till next week. 如果沒(méi)有人反對(duì)，我們就把會(huì)議推遲到下周。 ②As far as I’m concerned，I really object_to_being charged for parking.就我個(gè)人而言，我非常反對(duì)收停車費(fèi)。 ③(牛津P1372)If you’re late，you’ll defeat the whole object of the exercise. 如果你遲到了，便不能達(dá)到整個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的。 ④I objected that he was too young for the position. 我提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)他太年輕不適合這個(gè)職位。 ⑤(牛津P1372)The main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much. 反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的主要理由是費(fèi)用過(guò)高。 2undertake (undertook；undertaken)　vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān) (教材P11)It is a difficult task to undertake. 這是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)。 (1)

　　cloning or against it? 它是贊成克隆行為還是反對(duì)克隆行為？歸納拓展 ①M(fèi)y sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of

　　B．got back C．paid off

　　B．in honor of C．in favour of

　　B．in search of C．in charge of

　　⑥The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被解決。 ⑦I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新圖書館將要建在哪里。跟蹤訓(xùn)練 1．The expert made a forecast in his report __________ housing prices in major cities would continue to rise in the next few years. A．that

　　B．why C．whether

　　B．when C．that

　　B．There does the bell go C．There the bell does go

　　B．a(chǎn)n old castle stands C．does an old castle stand

　　如果你不為自己所做的事情道歉，我不允許你離開(kāi)。

　　B．that C．whether

　　D．what 解析：選B?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，表示“你有沒(méi)有可能來(lái)機(jī)場(chǎng)接我？”。所以這里選B項(xiàng)。 2．He is a successful businessman；he __________ his success more to luck than to ability. A．a(chǎn)ttaches

　　B．a(chǎn)dapts C．owes

　　B．objection C．concern

　　B．belong C．give

　　B．to stay out C．staying out

　　1．________________得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 2．________________

　　沮喪；不愉快 3．________________

　　反對(duì) 4．________________

　　贊成；支持 5．________________

　　把……歸功于…… pay off cast down object to in favour of owe...to... 6．__________________

　　一定或注定(做)…… 7．__________________________

　　使……刻骨銘心 8．________________

　　不時(shí)；偶爾 (be)bound to (do)．.. strike...into one’s heart from time to time 9．________________

　　使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 10．________________

　　白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī) 11．_______________________

　　狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 bring back to life in vain in good/poor condition 典型句式

　　B．why C．because

　　B．that C．how

　　B．if C．that if

　　B．whether C．why

　　B．whether C．until

　　D．if 解析：選B?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。句意為：是否創(chuàng)立一個(gè)不同的社會(huì)福利體系這個(gè)問(wèn)題將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這是一個(gè)分隔式的同位語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)此同位語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，故排除D項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)串講講練互動(dòng) 單詞精研 1object　vi.反對(duì)；不贊成　n．物體；目標(biāo) (教材P12)On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.　另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)，對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。歸納拓展 ①(牛津P1372)If nobody objects，we’ll postpone the meeting till next week. 如果沒(méi)有人反對(duì)，我們就把會(huì)議推遲到下周。 ②As far as I’m concerned，I really object_to_being charged for parking.就我個(gè)人而言，我非常反對(duì)收停車費(fèi)。 ③(牛津P1372)If you’re late，you’ll defeat the whole object of the exercise. 如果你遲到了，便不能達(dá)到整個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的。 ④I objected that he was too young for the position. 我提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)他太年輕不適合這個(gè)職位。 ⑤(牛津P1372)The main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much. 反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的主要理由是費(fèi)用過(guò)高。 2undertake (undertook；undertaken)　vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān) (教材P11)It is a difficult task to undertake. 這是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)。 (1)