2024高考英語一輪復習（福建泉州專用）北師大版語法突破：第六節—語法專練知能闖關
Ⅰ.單項填空
1．(2024·臨沂質量檢測)—You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night，did you?
—Yes，but we ________.She didn’t come at all.
A．don’t have to B．needn’t have
C．need to
D．should have
解析：選B。考查情態動詞。句意為：——你昨天晚上沒有等到伊麗莎白，是嗎？——是的，但是我們本沒有必要等。她根本就沒來。根據語境可知，此處表示本沒有必要做某事，故用needn’t have done。即B項正確。
2．(2024·青島市統一檢測)—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
—Sorry，I ________.I have another appointment.
A．won’t
B．shan’t
C．can’t
D．mustn’t
解析：選C。考查情態動詞用法。根據下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下來吃午飯。can’t意為“不可能”，符合題意。
3．(2024·淄博模擬)You ________ read a book in the sun—it’ll do harm to your eyes.
A．couldn’t
B．wouldn’t
C．needn’t
D．mustn’t
解析：選D。考查情態動詞用法。句意為：你不要在太陽下看書，那樣對眼睛不好。couldn’t意為“不能；無法”；wouldn’t表示不會；needn’t意為“不必”；mustn’t表示不允許。故D項正確。
4．(2024·山東省實驗中學診斷)Do you know Herbie？I’m always running into him；he ________ live nearby.
A．would
B．need
C．must
D．should
解析：選C。考查情態動詞。句意為：你認識Herbie嗎？我總是遇見他，他肯定住在附近。表示比較肯定的推測用must。故選C。
5．(2024·泰安質量檢測)When he was there，he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A．must
B．should
C．would
D．might
解析：選C。考查情態動詞。句意為：當他還在那兒時，每天下班后都會去街角的咖啡店。根據語境可知此處應用過去將來時，即would正確。
6．(2024·德州模擬)A hiking trip really sounds very exciting.However，it ________ be very tiring and even dangerous sometimes.
A．will
B．should
C．must
D．can
解析：選D。考查情態動詞。句意為：遠足旅游聽起來真是讓人興奮不已。然而，它有時也非常累人甚至很危險。can表示一時的可能性。故D項正確。
7．(2024·濟寧模擬)—Tom is very upset.I wish I ________ him the disappointing news.
—I told you not to，but you wouldn’t listen.
A．didn’t tell
B．hadn’t told
C．haven’t told
D．wouldn’t tell
解析：選B。當wish后面的賓語從句中，表示與過去的事實相反的假設時，謂語動詞要用“had done”的形式。而本題正是表示與過去的事實相反的假設，故選B。
8．(2024·濱州模擬)—Jane didn’t show up last night，did she?
—No.She ________.We had changed our plan.
A．shouldn’t have come
B．didn’t need to come
C．needn’t have come
D．needn’t come
解析：選B。shouldn’t have done意為“(過去)本不該做某事(實際做了)”needn’t have done意為“(過去)本不必做某事(實際做了)”。根據語境知我們早改變了計劃，因此她沒必要來的。故B項正確。needn’t do中need是情態動詞，時態與語境不符。
9．(2024·山東臨沂期中)—I ________ thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You’re welcome.
A．may not
B．will not
C．must not
D．cannot
解析：選D。句意：——你為我所做的一切我感激不盡。——別客氣。cannot...enough/cannot...too...再……也不為過，固定搭配。
10．(2024·浙江寧波十校聯考)What a pity！If I had caught that flight，I________over the Pacific Ocean now.
A．would fly
B．would have flown
C．would be flying
D．were flying
解析：選C。句意：真遺憾。如果我趕上了那趟航班，我現在正在太平洋上空飛行呢。根據句意可知該句用虛擬語氣；根據主句中的now可知，主句用與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣；根據句意可知，是對“此刻”情況的推測，所以C項正確。
Ⅱ.選詞填空
1．You __________ not park your car here.It is in the way.
答案：must
2．My father was playing football on the playground just now.He __________ be home now.
答案：can’t
3．You are late again.You __________ go to school earlier next time.
答案：should
4．It was very dark.Lily didn’t __________ to go by herself.
答案：dare
5．I __________ prefer not to go out today.
答案：would
6．—I have been standing all the day.
—__________ I get a chair for you?
答案：Shall
7．—Are you able to use the computer skillfully?
—Yes，sir.I __________.
答案：can
8．Lily __________ go to America next year，but I am not sure.
答案：might
9．As we all known that oil __________ float on water.
答案：will
10．You __________ tell him what happened today.I will tell him in person.
答案：needn’t
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：as if引導的表語從句表示與現在正在發生的事實相反時，用過去進行時。
答案：is改為were
2．The law says that drivers can’t drive after drinking.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：can’t表示“不能”，但這里是表示“嚴禁”酒后駕車，故用語氣更強烈的mustn’t。
答案：can’t改為mustn’t
3．He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：由句意可知，這里要表達“你沒必要擔心”。
答案：can’t改為needn’t
4．You can be tired—you’ve been working for four hours.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：表示肯定的推測用must，can表示推測時，常用于否定句和疑問句。
答案：can改為must
5．Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：suggestion后的表語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
答案：are改為be
6．The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：could不能與able to連用，could相當于was/were able to。
答案：could改為was
7．A few years ago I might afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：afford與can，could，be able to連用，表示“能負擔得起……”。
答案：might改為could
8．Why can he do it that way?
________________________________________________________________________
解析：must在句中表示強烈的語氣，意為“偏偏、偏要”。
答案：can改為must
9．I felt very lonely when I traveled in Chengdu alone.I must have taken my family.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：根據句意可知應用should have done，表示本應該做某事卻沒做，must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測。
答案：must改為should
10．We may not thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：can not...too表示“無論怎樣……都不過分”，為固定結構。
答案：may 改為can
11．You mustn’t do the exercise if you don’t want to.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：mustn’t表示“禁止”，needn’t表示“沒有必要”，符合句意。
答案：mustn’t改為needn’t
12．He mustn’t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：表示對過去情況的否定推測，用can’t have done。
答案：mustn’t改為can’t
13．You can’t return the dictionary now.You can keep it till next week if you like.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：needn’t“不必”，符合句意。
答案：can’t改為needn’t
14．Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
________________________________________________________________________
解析：此處dare作情態動詞用，后面要接動詞原形。
答案：去掉to
15．She told him he ought not do it.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：ought to do sth.“應該做某事”，否定式為ought not to do。
答案：not后加to
Ⅰ.單項填空
1．(2024·臨沂質量檢測)—You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night，did you?
—Yes，but we ________.She didn’t come at all.
A．don’t have to B．needn’t have
C．need to
D．should have
解析：選B。考查情態動詞。句意為：——你昨天晚上沒有等到伊麗莎白，是嗎？——是的，但是我們本沒有必要等。她根本就沒來。根據語境可知，此處表示本沒有必要做某事，故用needn’t have done。即B項正確。
2．(2024·青島市統一檢測)—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
—Sorry，I ________.I have another appointment.
A．won’t
B．shan’t
C．can’t
D．mustn’t
解析：選C。考查情態動詞用法。根據下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下來吃午飯。can’t意為“不可能”，符合題意。
3．(2024·淄博模擬)You ________ read a book in the sun—it’ll do harm to your eyes.
A．couldn’t
B．wouldn’t
C．needn’t
D．mustn’t
解析：選D。考查情態動詞用法。句意為：你不要在太陽下看書，那樣對眼睛不好。couldn’t意為“不能；無法”；wouldn’t表示不會；needn’t意為“不必”；mustn’t表示不允許。故D項正確。
4．(2024·山東省實驗中學診斷)Do you know Herbie？I’m always running into him；he ________ live nearby.
A．would
B．need
C．must
D．should
解析：選C。考查情態動詞。句意為：你認識Herbie嗎？我總是遇見他，他肯定住在附近。表示比較肯定的推測用must。故選C。
5．(2024·泰安質量檢測)When he was there，he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A．must
B．should
C．would
D．might
解析：選C。考查情態動詞。句意為：當他還在那兒時，每天下班后都會去街角的咖啡店。根據語境可知此處應用過去將來時，即would正確。
6．(2024·德州模擬)A hiking trip really sounds very exciting.However，it ________ be very tiring and even dangerous sometimes.
A．will
B．should
C．must
D．can
解析：選D。考查情態動詞。句意為：遠足旅游聽起來真是讓人興奮不已。然而，它有時也非常累人甚至很危險。can表示一時的可能性。故D項正確。
7．(2024·濟寧模擬)—Tom is very upset.I wish I ________ him the disappointing news.
—I told you not to，but you wouldn’t listen.
A．didn’t tell
B．hadn’t told
C．haven’t told
D．wouldn’t tell
解析：選B。當wish后面的賓語從句中，表示與過去的事實相反的假設時，謂語動詞要用“had done”的形式。而本題正是表示與過去的事實相反的假設，故選B。
8．(2024·濱州模擬)—Jane didn’t show up last night，did she?
—No.She ________.We had changed our plan.
A．shouldn’t have come
B．didn’t need to come
C．needn’t have come
D．needn’t come
解析：選B。shouldn’t have done意為“(過去)本不該做某事(實際做了)”needn’t have done意為“(過去)本不必做某事(實際做了)”。根據語境知我們早改變了計劃，因此她沒必要來的。故B項正確。needn’t do中need是情態動詞，時態與語境不符。
9．(2024·山東臨沂期中)—I ________ thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You’re welcome.
A．may not
B．will not
C．must not
D．cannot
解析：選D。句意：——你為我所做的一切我感激不盡。——別客氣。cannot...enough/cannot...too...再……也不為過，固定搭配。
10．(2024·浙江寧波十校聯考)What a pity！If I had caught that flight，I________over the Pacific Ocean now.
A．would fly
B．would have flown
C．would be flying
D．were flying
解析：選C。句意：真遺憾。如果我趕上了那趟航班，我現在正在太平洋上空飛行呢。根據句意可知該句用虛擬語氣；根據主句中的now可知，主句用與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣；根據句意可知，是對“此刻”情況的推測，所以C項正確。
Ⅱ.選詞填空
1．You __________ not park your car here.It is in the way.
答案：must
2．My father was playing football on the playground just now.He __________ be home now.
答案：can’t
3．You are late again.You __________ go to school earlier next time.
答案：should
4．It was very dark.Lily didn’t __________ to go by herself.
答案：dare
5．I __________ prefer not to go out today.
答案：would
6．—I have been standing all the day.
—__________ I get a chair for you?
答案：Shall
7．—Are you able to use the computer skillfully?
—Yes，sir.I __________.
答案：can
8．Lily __________ go to America next year，but I am not sure.
答案：might
9．As we all known that oil __________ float on water.
答案：will
10．You __________ tell him what happened today.I will tell him in person.
答案：needn’t
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：as if引導的表語從句表示與現在正在發生的事實相反時，用過去進行時。
答案：is改為were
2．The law says that drivers can’t drive after drinking.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：can’t表示“不能”，但這里是表示“嚴禁”酒后駕車，故用語氣更強烈的mustn’t。
答案：can’t改為mustn’t
3．He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：由句意可知，這里要表達“你沒必要擔心”。
答案：can’t改為needn’t
4．You can be tired—you’ve been working for four hours.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：表示肯定的推測用must，can表示推測時，常用于否定句和疑問句。
答案：can改為must
5．Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：suggestion后的表語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
答案：are改為be
6．The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：could不能與able to連用，could相當于was/were able to。
答案：could改為was
7．A few years ago I might afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：afford與can，could，be able to連用，表示“能負擔得起……”。
答案：might改為could
8．Why can he do it that way?
________________________________________________________________________
解析：must在句中表示強烈的語氣，意為“偏偏、偏要”。
答案：can改為must
9．I felt very lonely when I traveled in Chengdu alone.I must have taken my family.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：根據句意可知應用should have done，表示本應該做某事卻沒做，must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測。
答案：must改為should
10．We may not thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：can not...too表示“無論怎樣……都不過分”，為固定結構。
答案：may 改為can
11．You mustn’t do the exercise if you don’t want to.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：mustn’t表示“禁止”，needn’t表示“沒有必要”，符合句意。
答案：mustn’t改為needn’t
12．He mustn’t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：表示對過去情況的否定推測，用can’t have done。
答案：mustn’t改為can’t
13．You can’t return the dictionary now.You can keep it till next week if you like.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：needn’t“不必”，符合句意。
答案：can’t改為needn’t
14．Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
________________________________________________________________________
解析：此處dare作情態動詞用，后面要接動詞原形。
答案：去掉to
15．She told him he ought not do it.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：ought to do sth.“應該做某事”，否定式為ought not to do。
答案：not后加to
