2024屆高三英語第二輪復習考點精講精煉 第5講 單項選擇——情態動詞
2024屆高三英語第二輪復習考點精講精煉
單項選擇——情態動詞
情態動詞的詞義辨析
情態動詞在情景交際中的用法情態動詞+have+過去分詞結構
情態動詞的一些習慣用法含有情態動詞的反意疑問句
(延邊F)經典易錯題會診
(延邊F)命題角度l
(延邊F)情態動詞的詞義辨新
1. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選)If it were not for the fact that she
sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn' t B. shouldn' t
C. can' t
D. might not
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
A
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
本題考查情態動詞的基本意義和用法。 couldn’t是call’t的過去式，有“不能，不可能或不可以”之意；shouldn’t不應該；might not不可能。句中if引導的是虛擬語氣，故A不對。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
C
2. (延邊F) (典型例題精選) Some aspeets of a pilot' s job
be boring, and prilots often
work at inconvenient
hours o
A. can ; have to
B. may ; can
C. have to; may
D. ought to; must
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
B
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
本題的解題思路要從情態動詞的基本意義和用法開始。按照情景，“飛行員的工作的某些方面可能是令人厭煩的，而且他們經常不得不在很不方便的情況下工作?！?/p>
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]A
3. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選 ) The World Wide Wed is some times jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it
be very slow.
A. should
B. must
C. will
D. can
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
C
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
本題考查can在肯定句中的用法_．can常用于否定句、疑問句中表推測，但也可用于肯定句中表“一時的可能性”。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
D
4. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選 ) "The interest
be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides," declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
(延邊F) [考場錯解]B或C
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
句意為“法官宣布：‘按照雙方協議，利息被分作五個部分?！ü傩嫉臎Q定有法律效力，不得違背，而且表示說話人(及其所代表的一方)的決心、意志、允諾等，shall用于第二、三人稱時，有此用法。must可譯作“必須”，但只是一種主觀要求，不具備shall的毋庸置疑的決定口氣。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
D
5. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) John, look at the time.
you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
B
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
A項意思是：干嘛，偏要，硬要(指做令人不快的事)；B項：能，可能；c項：可以；D項：有必要。根據題干“看看時間吧，你干嘛要這么晚彈鋼琴?”
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]A
(延邊F)專家會診
情態動詞的基本用法：I. can(could)
1．(延邊F)表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據客觀規律能做某事的能力，意思是“能夠”。can表“能夠”時，既可指將來，也可指現在。be able to在表示能力時與can同義，但可用于各種時態，強調通過努力克服困難成功地做成某事，相當于
managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。如:
No one can ( is able to ) finish such a difficult thing.
He can speak English.
I can go there now.
With the help of the firemen, the trapped peopie was able to leave the burning building.
(不能用
could)
2．(延邊F)表示許可、允許，在疑問句中表示“請求，許可”，否定句中表示“不許”，此時可與may通用，有時cannot可以表示“禁止”，相當于“mustn’t”，如：
May ( Can ) I help you？
That sort of thing can ' t go on !
You can' t ( mustn' t, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.
3．(延邊F)表示推測，強調客觀可能性“可能、會”， Call多用于疑問句和否定句，表示猜測時，情態動詞后可用進行式或完成式。如：
—There comes a man. Who can it be?
—No, it can' t be him. He has gone to Ameri- ca ！ He can ' t have gone there alone.
4．(延邊F)could表示“能力”“可能性”“許可”，為 earl的過去式。一般用于委婉、客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，此時can，could并沒有時間上的差別，只是could的語氣更客氣些。回答時用原形回答。如：
—Could I borrow your English dictiy?—-Of course you Call. Go ahead. If. may,might(might 為 may 的過去式)
1．(延邊F)表示許可，有“可以”的意思，詢問一件事可不可以做，有時可以與can互換。其否定式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not=mustn’t代替，may用于疑問句中，回答這種問題時，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免顯得口氣太嚴峻或不客氣。如：
—Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?
—Yes, you may. (No, you mustn't / you' d better not. ) 比較—Yes, please / please don't,
2．(延邊F)表推測、或許、可能的意思，表示一件事或許會發生，只用在陳述句中。如：
Her parents may come to see her tomorrow,
3．(延邊F)may句式用來表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
= I hope you may succeed： May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!
4．(延邊F)might是may的過去式，表示可以做的事或可能發生的事；主句謂語動詞是過去時態時用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口氣委婉，或表示現實的可能性更小一些的語境中。如：
Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.
I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.
m. must 和 have to
1．(延邊F)表示必須要做的事，意為“必須“，否定式 mustn’t表示“不應該，不許可，禁止”等。因此，在回答帶有must的問句時，不用mustnIt，而用 needn’t或don’t have too如：
—Must I hand in the paper now?—Yes, you must.—No, you needn ' t. / you don' t have to.
2．(延邊F)must在表示“必須”時與haveto相近，have to比較強調客觀的需要，must著重主觀看法。另外must不像haveto那樣能有更多的時態。如：
Tom，you must stay 8thome．(命令或叮囑)I have to stay at home to look after my baby,
(客觀需要)
3．(延邊F)表推測，暗含很大的可能性，意為“一定”，只用于“肯定句”中。如：
I think there must be a mistake，
4．(延邊F)偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Hey．boys！ Must you shout so loudly?’
?、簦畇lmll的用法要點
1．(延邊F)用于二、三人稱陳述句中。表示說話人給對方的命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等。在疑問句中，表示征詢聽話人是否愿意。如：You shall have my answer tomorrow. ( 允諾 ) He shall be sou-y forit oue day, I tell you. (警告) You shaU do a8 l tell you．(命令或吩咐)
Shall you go with me?(征詢意見)
2．(延邊F)用于一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。如：
Shall we begin our class? When shall my father be able to leave hospital? V. should 和 ought to
should表示勸告、建議常作“應當”講，與 ought to有時可互換，ought to更注重一些責任義務。should表示預測可能性，并譯作“可能，(按道理)應該”；而ought協則表示非常可能。should用于委婉、謙遜地提出意見或建議，ought to可表示因責任、義務等該做的事。如：
We should foughtto)help each otherinwork．(ought協的語氣要強)
They should come here now．(按道理應該到了)
I
am your teacher，lought to hdp with your
study．(表示有這個責任)
?、觯畐in和would
will可以表示意愿、意志和決心，適用于各種．人稱.可以用來表示各種傾向或習慣動作。有時還用來表示“難免”。其過去式是would，也可以是單獨的情態動詞，在表示委婉提出請求、建議或看法時，語氣比will委婉，肯定的回答時用 willo如：Don't worry. He will do his best. Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示習慣)Accident will happen. (難免) Would you please do me a favor?
(延邊F)考場思維訓練
1 (延邊F)Coffee
be drunk while it is hot.
A. shall
B. must
C. will
D. ought to
1．D解析：這里ought to表示“勸告或推薦”。
2 (延邊F)Tell him that he
have the book tomorrow after noon.
A. shall
B. will
C. need
D. dare
2．A解析：從句意判斷，表示了“我”的承諾。shall用于第二、三人稱表示“允諾、命令、警告”的含義。
3 (延邊F)I lived with my uncle this summer and I didn' t have to pay rent. So I
save most of my salary.
A. could
B. would
C. was able to D. should
3．C解析；Was able to表示“能夠做什么而且已經做成”。
(延邊F)命題角度2
(延邊F)情態動詞在情景交際中的用法
1. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 )—Lucy doesn' t mind lending you her dic tionary.
—She
. I' ve already borrowed one.
A. mustn' t
B. may not C. can' t
D. needn' t
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
A
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
前句是說"Iaicy不介意把字典借給你用”，后者說“我已經借了一本”，所以是沒有必要了，填needn’t符合語境。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
D
2. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選 ) There' s no light on - they
be at home.
A. can' t
B. mustn' t
C. needn' t
D. shouldn' t
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
D
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
本題考查情態動詞表示推測的．用法。根據句意“燈沒亮，他們不可能在家?！北硎痉穸ㄍ茰y，只能用 can’t。誤選D是受了漢語的影響。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
A
3. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 )—What a shame ! You didn' t seize
such a good chance.
—I
that job when it was offered.
A. should take
B. would take
C. must have taken
D. should have taken
(延邊F) [考場錯解]A或c
(延邊F) [專家把脈]根據首句“真遺憾，你沒抓住這次機會”，可知：下文應是本應做而沒做。情態動詞應用should加完成結構。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
D
4. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選 ) —The work will take me another week. I'm really tired.
—I think you
as well consult an experienced worker.
A. may
B. can
C. need
D. must
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
B
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
may/might as well是固定用法，表示“最好……；不妨……；無妨……”。
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
A
5. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 )—How much shall I pay for the phone
call?
—You
. This free of charge.
A. shouldn' t
B. can' t
C. don' t have to
D. must
(延邊F) [考場錯解]
D
(延邊F) [專家把脈]
根據句意“你沒必要付電話費”，r6don’t have to=need not．
(延邊F) [對癥下藥]
C
(延邊F)專家會診
情態動詞中三組表達方式的用法區別：1．would與used to的區別。在表示過去重復的習慣時，used to可用would代替。used幻強調過去的行為同現在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現在卻不這樣了”的含義；而would則單純表示過去的習慣動作，常與often， every clay連用，當只是表示過去的狀態時，只能用used too如：·
They would have a drink in the bar at noon.
They used to have a drink in the bar at noon.
(現在可能不了)
He used to be a very strong man.
(不能用
would，現在可能不強壯了)
China is not what it used to be.
(表示對比，
不能用would)
Every evening, she would sit in front of the
door to wait for her son.
(表示過去的習慣動作，
不能用USed to)
There used to be a temple on the too of the
mountain.
(表示過去的狀態，不能用would)
2．(延邊F)表示“寧愿做某事”時，有下列句式結構：
would rather do something would rather do something than do something would do sth. rather than do sth. would rather sb. did sth.
— prefer to do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
3．(延邊F)情態動詞否定式所表達的含義。
may not, might not
或許不，可能不
can't/cannot( = be not able to}
不能夠
can' t,can not
不可能
may not, can 't, can not, mustn 't ( = be not
allowed to) 不許可
needn't ( = don't have to) 不必
shotddn' t, oughtn' t to ( = be not supposed to) 不應該
(延邊F)考場思維訓練
1(延邊F)—Can I tell my best friend about it?
—No, I don't want anyone else to know it. You
keep it to yourself.
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. may
1．c解析：后者的意思是不想別人知道，當然是“必須”了。
2 (延邊F)—Would you like to have a taxi?
—No, I
walk there. It' s such a lovely day.
