浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復習課件:第11講 名詞性從句
第 11 講
名詞性從句
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主語從句引導詞。句意:這種藥將會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定,雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語,______ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語。還原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一個修飾詞,故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意為:“你有可能到機場來接我嗎?”“沒問題。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內容,故是同位語。又因這個從句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引導。 名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。 1.連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。 2.連接副詞:when, where, why, how。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,作狀語。 3.連接詞:that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義,在從句中不充當成分,有時可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不充當成分。 引導名詞性從句的連接詞
注意:名詞性從句的語序———陳述語序 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)
引導名詞性從句的連接詞 1.主語從句在復合句中作主語。如: Who_will_go is not important.
2.用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。如: It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.
3.that引導主語從句時,不能省略。如:
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
主語從句的用法
1.表語從句在復合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。如: The question was who_could_go_there.
2.引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.
表語從句的用法
1.賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。如: I hope (that) everything is all right.
2.介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。如: I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
賓語從句的用法
同位語從句在句中作某些抽象名詞的同位語,說明該名詞的具體內容。這類抽象名詞有: 同位語從句的用法
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.whether與if的區別
(1)只能用if的情況
①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。
如:
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引導條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether。如:
Please come to see me if_you_have_time.
易錯易混點
(2)只能用whether的情況
①用if 會引起誤解,就要用whether。如:
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)
②賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。如:
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
易錯易混點
③介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。如:
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
易錯易混點
2.名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致
(1)主語從句作主語相當于單數第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
(2)如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。
(3)由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
易錯易混點
3. 疑問詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問詞的區別
(1)疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的成分。如:
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語)
(2)疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
易錯易混點
4. 同位語從句和定語從句的區別
定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中that起連接作用,且充當句子成分,作賓語時可省略。
同位語從句表明中心詞的具體內容。that在同位語從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。如:
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定語從句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位語從句)
易錯易混點
5. it作形式主語的常用句型
It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對……
It is said/ reported/believed that…據說/據報道……
It has been announced/declared that…已經通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/無疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (眾所周知)/a common saying… (俗話說……)
第 11 講
名詞性從句
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主語從句引導詞。句意:這種藥將會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定,雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語,______ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語。還原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一個修飾詞,故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意為:“你有可能到機場來接我嗎?”“沒問題。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內容,故是同位語。又因這個從句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引導。 名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。 1.連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。 2.連接副詞:when, where, why, how。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,作狀語。 3.連接詞:that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義,在從句中不充當成分,有時可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不充當成分。 引導名詞性從句的連接詞
注意:名詞性從句的語序———陳述語序 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)
引導名詞性從句的連接詞 1.主語從句在復合句中作主語。如: Who_will_go is not important.
2.用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。如: It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.
3.that引導主語從句時,不能省略。如:
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
主語從句的用法
1.表語從句在復合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。如: The question was who_could_go_there.
2.引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.
表語從句的用法
1.賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。如: I hope (that) everything is all right.
2.介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。如: I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
賓語從句的用法
同位語從句在句中作某些抽象名詞的同位語,說明該名詞的具體內容。這類抽象名詞有: 同位語從句的用法
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.whether與if的區別
(1)只能用if的情況
①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。
如:
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引導條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether。如:
Please come to see me if_you_have_time.
易錯易混點
(2)只能用whether的情況
①用if 會引起誤解,就要用whether。如:
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)
②賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。如:
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
易錯易混點
③介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。如:
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
易錯易混點
2.名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致
(1)主語從句作主語相當于單數第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
(2)如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。
(3)由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
易錯易混點
3. 疑問詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問詞的區別
(1)疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的成分。如:
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語)
(2)疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
易錯易混點
4. 同位語從句和定語從句的區別
定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中that起連接作用,且充當句子成分,作賓語時可省略。
同位語從句表明中心詞的具體內容。that在同位語從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。如:
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定語從句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位語從句)
易錯易混點
5. it作形式主語的常用句型
It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對……
It is said/ reported/believed that…據說/據報道……
It has been announced/declared that…已經通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/無疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (眾所周知)/a common saying… (俗話說……)