浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復習課件:第11講 名詞性從句

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浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復習課件:第11講 名詞性從句

  第 11 講

  名詞性從句

  1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)

  A. that

  B. what

  C. how

  D. whether 

  【答案及解析】1. B 考查主語從句引導詞。句意:這種藥將會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定,雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語,______ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語。還原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一個修飾詞,故用what。

  2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?

  — No problem. (2009浙江卷)

  A. when

  B. that

  C. whether

  D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意為:“你有可能到機場來接我嗎?”“沒問題。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內容,故是同位語。又因這個從句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引導。 名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。 1.連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。 2.連接副詞:when, where, why, how。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,作狀語。 3.連接詞:that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義,在從句中不充當成分,有時可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不充當成分。 引導名詞性從句的連接詞

  注意:名詞性從句的語序———陳述語序 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)

  引導名詞性從句的連接詞 1.主語從句在復合句中作主語。如: Who_will_go is not important.

  2.用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。如: It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.

  3.that引導主語從句時,不能省略。如:

  That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.

  主語從句的用法

  1.表語從句在復合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。如: The question was who_could_go_there.

  2.引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.

  表語從句的用法

  1.賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。如: I hope (that) everything is all right.

  2.介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。如: I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.

  賓語從句的用法

  同位語從句在句中作某些抽象名詞的同位語,說明該名詞的具體內容。這類抽象名詞有: 同位語從句的用法

  I have no idea when he will be back.

  The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

  1.whether與if的區別

  (1)只能用if的情況

  ①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。

  如:

  I wonder if it doesn't rain.

  ②引導條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether。如:

  Please come to see me if_you_have_time.

  易錯易混點

  (2)只能用whether的情況

  ①用if 會引起誤解,就要用whether。如:

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  (此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)

  ②賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。如:

  I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.

  I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.

  易錯易混點

  ③介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。如:

  It depends on_whether we have enough time.

  They don't know whether_to_go there.

  易錯易混點

  2.名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致

  (1)主語從句作主語相當于單數第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

  (2)如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。

  (3)由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數。

  When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.

   

  When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.

  易錯易混點

  3. 疑問詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問詞的區別

  (1)疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的成分。如:

  Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語)

  (2)疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如:

  Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.

  (3)no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。

  No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

  易錯易混點

  4. 同位語從句和定語從句的區別

  定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中that起連接作用,且充當句子成分,作賓語時可省略。

  同位語從句表明中心詞的具體內容。that在同位語從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。如:

  We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.

  (定語從句)

  We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位語從句)

  易錯易混點

  5. it作形式主語的常用句型

  It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對……

  It is said/ reported/believed that…據說/據報道……

  It has been announced/declared that…已經通知/宣布……

  It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧……

  It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/無疑……

  It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (眾所周知)/a common saying… (俗話說……)

  第 11 講

  名詞性從句

  1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)

  A. that

  B. what

  C. how

  D. whether 

  【答案及解析】1. B 考查主語從句引導詞。句意:這種藥將會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定,雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語,______ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語。還原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一個修飾詞,故用what。

  2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?

  — No problem. (2009浙江卷)

  A. when

  B. that

  C. whether

  D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意為:“你有可能到機場來接我嗎?”“沒問題。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內容,故是同位語。又因這個從句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引導。 名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。 1.連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。 2.連接副詞:when, where, why, how。有詞義,在從句中充當成分,作狀語。 3.連接詞:that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義,在從句中不充當成分,有時可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不充當成分。 引導名詞性從句的連接詞

  注意:名詞性從句的語序———陳述語序 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)

  引導名詞性從句的連接詞 1.主語從句在復合句中作主語。如: Who_will_go is not important.

  2.用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。如: It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.

  3.that引導主語從句時,不能省略。如:

  That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.

  主語從句的用法

  1.表語從句在復合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。如: The question was who_could_go_there.

  2.引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.

  表語從句的用法

  1.賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。如: I hope (that) everything is all right.

  2.介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。如: I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.

  賓語從句的用法

  同位語從句在句中作某些抽象名詞的同位語,說明該名詞的具體內容。這類抽象名詞有: 同位語從句的用法

  I have no idea when he will be back.

  The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

  1.whether與if的區別

  (1)只能用if的情況

  ①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。

  如:

  I wonder if it doesn't rain.

  ②引導條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether。如:

  Please come to see me if_you_have_time.

  易錯易混點

  (2)只能用whether的情況

  ①用if 會引起誤解,就要用whether。如:

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  (此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)

  ②賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。如:

  I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.

  I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.

  易錯易混點

  ③介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。如:

  It depends on_whether we have enough time.

  They don't know whether_to_go there.

  易錯易混點

  2.名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致

  (1)主語從句作主語相當于單數第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

  (2)如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。

  (3)由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數。

  When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.

   

  When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.

  易錯易混點

  3. 疑問詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問詞的區別

  (1)疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的成分。如:

  Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語)

  (2)疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如:

  Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.

  (3)no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。

  No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

  易錯易混點

  4. 同位語從句和定語從句的區別

  定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中that起連接作用,且充當句子成分,作賓語時可省略。

  同位語從句表明中心詞的具體內容。that在同位語從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。如:

  We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.

  (定語從句)

  We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位語從句)

  易錯易混點

  5. it作形式主語的常用句型

  It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對……

  It is said/ reported/believed that…據說/據報道……

  It has been announced/declared that…已經通知/宣布……

  It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧……

  It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/無疑……

  It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (眾所周知)/a common saying… (俗話說……)

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