2024屆高考英語二輪復習英語精品學案（廣東專用）第3模塊閱讀理解專題6　史地常識型閱讀理解

由雕龍文庫 分享時間：2024-03-30 17:29:49 收藏本文

　　專題6　史地常識型閱讀理解

　　專題導讀

　　歷史地理類文章一般涉及某個國家或地區的河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮等的地理位置以及與之相關的社會生活、社會風情、政治經濟、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習俗、文化遺產等方面的情況，相當一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或參考。文章選材來源于英語國家的主要名勝或歷史事件；命題以細節題為主，有一定主觀推斷題；涉及一定的地理常識或歷史知識。閱讀史地類文章時，要重點弄清楚各個地名、人名之間的相互關系和各個國家、地區或城鎮之間的地理方位。如果文章或試題有附圖或附表，一定要把附圖或附表看懂、看明白。附圖或附表的存在就是幫助我們更好地讀懂和理解文章，輔助我們做好有關試題。

　　真題典例

　　【2011·廣東卷】In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　　Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade.China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　　Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.

　　The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet.That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

　　()1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________.

　　A．it makes the world warmer

　　B．it consumes natural resources

　　C．it brings severe damage to forests

　　D．it makes growth hard to continue

　　()2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

　　A．China lacks wind and solar energy.

　　B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

　　C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

　　D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

　　()3.To full develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ________.

　　A．cut public expenses

　　B．forbid carbon emissions

　　C．develop public resources

　　D．encourage energy conservation

　　()4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________.

　　A．develop sustainable products

　　B．explore new natural resources

　　C．make full use of natural resources

　　D．deal with the major challenge

　　()5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To introduce a new business model.

　　B．To compare two business models.

　　C．To predict a change of the global market.

　　D．To advocate sustainable development.

　　【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章闡述了傳統經濟發展模式給地球帶來了許多危害：破壞了森林、使全球氣候變暖等。現在，低碳、可持續發展的經濟模式成為許多國家的主流發展方向。中國政府正在充分發揮潛能大力開發新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市場。

　　1．B　細節理解題。根據第一段可知傳統經濟發展模式的危害，四個選項中只有B項未提到，故選B。

　　2．C　推理判斷題。綜合第二段的內容可知選C。

　　3．D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.”可知選D。

　　4．A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知選A。

　　5．D　寫作意圖題。文章由傳統經濟發展模式的弊端引出可持續發展經濟模式并闡述了可持續發展經濟模式的好處及發展方向。故選D。

　　新題預測

　　(一)

　　There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally.Here’s a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing.

　　Sunshine Village

　　Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown.Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past.Adults pay $76.5, Seniors $61.5, and Children only pay $26.5.At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm.The terrain(地形)is a mix of both easy and hard runs.

　　Lake Louise

　　Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of ski-able terrain.It has the best balance of easy to difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now.Adults pay $75.5, Seniors pay $54.5, and Children pay $24.5.Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access back country skiing.

　　Mount Norquay

　　Mount Norquay is located across the TransCanda highway from the town of Banff.It has less challenging terrain than either Sunshine or Lake Louisa.However, it is also a very economic decision, and it is the only ski hill in the region that offers hourly rates and night skiing on Fridays.All in

　　all this is a great hill to go and spend an afternoon or early evening, or to go and practice a few turns on before hitting up the bigger resorts later on in the season.

　　Nakiska

　　While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is currently only open to the public on the weekends.Nakiska typically has less snow than the other resorts located a bit deeper in the mountains.Currently, they have a base of 71cm.The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants more towards the easy side.It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.Tickets are relatively cheap.Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.

　　Canada Olympic Park

　　C．O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics; it is a world class facility for almost every winter sport.It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.It has a snow base of 102cm, but it isn’t the primary focus.With tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive.

　　()1.What can we know about Sunshine Village?

　　A．It is a ski hill in Europe.

　　B．Its snow is the thickest of the five.

　　C．It is only suitable for ski beginners.

　　D．Its ticket prices are getting higher.

　　()2.What does the underlined word “renown” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．Good attraction.B．Place of interest.

　　C．Prize or reward.

　　D．Fame or reputation.

　　()3.Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of lots of other sports games besides skiing?

　　A．Sunshine Village.

　　B．Lake Louise.

　　C．Canada Olympic Park.

　　D．Nakiska.

　　()4.How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children to skiing in the best family place?

　　A．168 dollars.

　　B．103.5 dollars.

　　C．209 dollars.

　　D．129.5 dollars.

　　()5.The passage is mainly to________.

　　A．recommend several famous travel sites

　　B．tell us the places he’s been to for winter sports

　　C．introduce some good places for skiing

　　D．advertise his local tourist attractions

　　【解析】本文主要介紹五處滑雪勝地。

　　1．B　細節理解題。根據“At present, they have a snow base of 107cm.”可判斷選B，因為比較其他四處地方的雪的厚度可知，其余各地的雪均沒有這么厚。

　　2．D　詞義猜測題。根據“Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.”可判斷此地盛名，即在國際上都有名氣，由此可判斷選D。

　　3．C　細節理解題。根據“It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.”可判斷選C。

　　4．A　邏輯推理題。根據第五段倒數第三句“It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.”可知“Nakiska”是最適合一家人去滑雪的地方；此處的收費標準是“Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.”，兩個成人收費129美元，兩個小孩收費39美元，合計收費168美元，故選A。

　　5．C　主旨大意題。根據全文第一段可知，全文旨在介紹幾處滑雪勝地，故選C。

　　(二)

　　More than 200 scientists have completed a two-year study to identify the most natural and undeveloped areas on Earth.Their findings are reported in a new book called Wilderness：Earth’s Last Wild Places.The book describes 37 wilderness areas around the world.Each has an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers.The study considered only areas where at least 70% of all plants are native.

　　North and South America are home to the largest number of wilderness areas.There are 16 such areas, from southern Argentina to Alaska and northern Canada.Africa has 8 wilderness areas, including the

　　thick forests and the grasslands.Australia and New Guinea (幾內亞) share 6 areas.Europe has 3 areas and Asia has 2.The Arabian Desert and Antarctica also are considered wilderness areas.

　　The largest wilderness area is the Boreal Forest (北方森林)．It extends for 16-million square kilometers south of the Arctic Circle.The Boreal Forest extends across Alaska, Canada, northern Europe and Russia.The smallest of the 37 wilderness areas is the Sundarbans.It is the world’s largest tidal mangrove forest (紅樹林)．It covers 10,000 square kilometers of land at the mouth of the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh (孟加拉國)．

　　The study found that wilderness areas cover about 46% of the Earth’s land surface.However, they are home to less than 2.5% of the world’s population.Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.Native people usually live in these areas.

　　Wilderness areas help to influence the world’s weather systems and rainfall.They are also home to many plants and animals.Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection.

　　()1.What does the author think of the wilderness areas around the world in the book?

　　A．Primitive.

　　B．Permanent.

　　C．Precious.

　　D．Perfect.

　　()2.The writer describes the wilderness areas to show that they ________.

　　A．are worth the public support

　　B．can attract readers’ attention

　　C．need to be stressed as resources

　　D．are seen on every continent

　　()3.According to the 4th paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that the 37 wilderness areas are ________.

　　A．deserted

　　B．crowded

　　C．uncontrolled

　　D．undeveloped

　　()4.As the result of the effect on nature, the wilderness areas on Earth should be ________.

　　A．thought more of by the governments

　　B．explored as natural habitats very soon

　　C．further made full use of at present

　　D．discovered for their advantages of nature

　　()5.The purpose of writing this text is to tell us ________of the wilderness areas around the world.

　　A．the importance

　　B．the situation

　　C．the development

　　D．the environment

　　【解析】本文為說明文。介紹荒野之地的基本分布及其意義。

　　1．C　觀點態度題。根據文章最后兩段所介紹的“wilderness areas”的作用(人類居住、動植物的家園、影響氣候與降雨)可推斷作者認為“wilderness areas”是“珍貴的”，故選C。

　　2．C　邏輯推理題。全文介紹完了荒野之地在世界上的大致分布情況之后，指出它們是動植物的家園，也影響氣候與降雨，由此可判斷作者認為它們應該被作為一種資源去重視，從而得到保護，故選C。

　　3．D　邏輯推理題。根據第四段“Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.”可判斷選D。

　　4．A　邏輯推理題。根據最后一段“Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection.”可判斷選A。

　　5．B　主旨大意題。根據全文重點介紹“wilderness areas”在世界上的主要分布情況及目前的狀況，可判斷選B。