2024屆高考英語基礎詞匯解讀：必修3module4sandstormsinasia
Module 4
Sandstorms in Asia
Explanations for new words and phrases
1．strength: n. 力量力氣
strengthenv. 增強；加強；(使)變強strong：adj.強壯的 導學P-10-2
build up one‘s strength/body 增強實力強身健體
gain one’s strength 積蓄力量with all one‘s strength
竭盡全力in (great) strength 大批大量地under/below strength
不足額；未全部到場的 at full strength 滿員額have the strength to do 有做…的力氣/意志力I don’t have the strength to climb any further.
我沒有力氣再往上爬了。
He has been doing morning exercises to build up his strength.他一直進行晨練以增強體力。
Everybody has his strengths and weaknesses.
每個人都有優缺點。以改善經濟。
At present America is taking some measures to strengthen the economy.目前美國正在采取措施
辨析：power，energy，force與strength
power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、；也可指人或機器等事物潛在的或所能發揮出來的力量；還可指職權，權力或政權。 I shall do everything in my power to help you.
energy：指物理學上的能的概念或生理上的精力。 He had so much energy that he could do the work of three men. 精力旺盛，能做三個人的工作。
force主要指自然界的力量，暴力，勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，軍事的力量等。著重指力產生的實際效果。
We had to use force to get into the house. 我們不得不破門而入。
strength指固有的潛力。說人時，指“力氣”或“強項，長處”；說物時，指“強度”。
The strength of my memory begins to fail. 不從心記憶力開始衰退。tmosphere： n. (1) 空氣，大氣The pollution of the atmosphere is very serious in this country. 這個國家大氣污染很嚴重。
(2) 氣氛，環境Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
自從他們發生口角以來，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。
They talked with each other in a friendly atmosphere.他們在友好的氣氛中交談。
Dim lighting creates a relaxing atmosphere.昏暗的燈光營造出一種輕松的氣氛。concerned： adj. 關心的；擔心的；掛念的；有關的(不用于名詞之前)導學Pbe concerned about/over/for 關心，掛念
be concerned with/in 牽涉到扯進；與…有關系/參與…all parties concerned 有關各方
as/so far as... be concerned 就…而言/來說We are concerned about his safety. 我們擔心他的安全。
He is concerned with the growth of the younger generation. 他很關心年輕一代的成長。
As far as I am concerned，you can do what you like. 就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
concernn. 擔心；關注；(利害)關系show/express concern about/for對…表示關心/擔心 have (no) concern with和…有無關系have no concern for對…不關心with concern關切地My mother showed great concern for me. 我母親非常關心我。
vt. (使)擔憂；涉及；關系到
concern oneself about/for 擔憂/關心…concern oneself with 從事參與忙于…
concern sb./sth. 與…有關There is no need to concern yourself with this matter；we’re dealing with it.你不用管這事了，我們正在處理。變化缺乏準備。
What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.讓我擔心的是我們對事態的
concerningprep. 關于There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 沒有充分的證據證明他有罪A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科學家必須提供證據以支持其理論。The room bore evidence of a struggle. 這房間里有搏斗過的跡象。major (minor)： adj. 較大多的；主要的；主修的較重要的major ? minor (反義詞)vi. 主修；專攻n. 主修課程；主修學生play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
major in sth. 主修 The major part of the town was ruined by the earthquake.鎮大部分已被地震造成一片廢墟。She majored in Maths and Physics at university. 她在大學里主修數學和物理。Mathematics/English is my major. 我的專業是數學。
majorityn. 大多數be in a/the majority占大多數構成大部分 by/with a majority of以…多數a/the majority of…的大多數
In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority. 女性在護理行業占大多數。
辨析major/main/chief major：“重大的；主要的”，指在規模、數量、重要性方面超出同類的其他事物。 Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.
main：“主要的”，強調事物某一部分分支的重要性大小潛力優于其他，或表整體中最主要最明顯的部分，通常只作定語。What's the main purpose of your visit?
chief：“主要的；首要的”，強調在順序、等級、重要性、價值方面高于其他所有同類事物。 Wuhan is one of the chief cities of China.
6．urgent：adj. 緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的 be in urgent need of 急需…
We have an urgent thing.我們有一件緊要的事情。He says the matter is urgent.他說這事很緊急。
urgevt.催促力勸敦促；進激鼓勵；極力主張urge sb to do sth. = urge sb. into doing 敦促某人做
urge sb. against 強烈反對
urge sb. on 鼓勵；激勵；為…加油
urge that 強烈要求；極力主張（從句用虛擬語氣）
He urges his sister's study. 他敦促妹妹學習。
We all urged him to go ahead with his plan. 我們都鼓勵他實施他的計劃。
He urged the necessity for immediate action. 他強烈要求立即采取行動。
Your progress will urge us to work hard. 你的進步會促進我們努力學習。
I don't want to urge you against your own wish.? 我不想勉強你，干違反自己意愿的事。
My friend urge that I (shall) apply for the job.? 朋友們力勸我申請那份工作complain： v. 投訴，抱怨，訴苦，發牢騷
complaint： n. 訴苦，抱怨；牢騷；投訴complain＋that 從句(只接 that 從句作賓語，不直接跟sb.或 sth.作賓語)complain to sb. of/about (doing) sth.
向…投訴抱怨(某事)，對…發牢騷complain of... 訴說有…病痛
make a complaint about/of (doing) sth. 提出投訴；抱怨(做)某事
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work. 因感到自己在工作上不受賞識而發牢騷。
At present the young always complain that their parents don’t take their thoughts seriously.
目前年輕人總是抱怨父母不認真對待他們的想法。
If you wish to make a complaint，you should see the manager. 如果你要投訴，你應該去找經理。
cut down： 砍倒使倒下；削減壓縮縮小(尺寸、數量或數目)；減價；殺死導學PMany trees have been cut down in the past 20 years in my hometown. 過去20許多樹都被砍了。All the big trees have been cut down. 所有的大樹都被砍倒了。
Now many teachers have cut down smoking and drinking. 現在許多老師很少抽煙喝酒了。
The doctor told me to cut down on smoking. 醫生要我少抽煙。
He was asking $500 for the carbut we cut down to $300.這車他要500但我們把價講到300美元His driver was cut down in a traffic accident.他的司機在一場事故中死亡。
cut across 走捷徑，穿過去 cut in (on sth.) 插話；讓某人分享利潤 cut off 中止切斷；隔絕 cut out 刪除；裁剪剪除切掉割掉 cut up 劈碎切碎；使難過傷心；(嚴重地)割傷
cut short 突然停止，中斷(活動)
cut through 穿過；克服；避開；剪斷 cut sth. in half/in two將……對半切開
I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time.希望在我們談話時別老是插嘴。
The electricity company is threatening to cut us off. 電力公司以停電威脅我們。
be caught in：被困于…；遭遇be trapped in / be stuck in被…困住導學Pbe caught doing被撞見做某事 catch up with趕上
catch hold of抓住，握住 He was caught in the heavy snow last night. 昨天晚上他恰巧趕上了大雪。
I am often caught in a heavy traffic on my way to school. 我在上學路上常常遇到塞車。
At the moment our technology is more advancedbut other countries are catching up with us.
目前我們的技術比較先進，不過其他國家正在追趕上來。
The child caught hold of his mother’s hand tightly in the earthquake.地震時，孩子緊抓住媽媽的手。
All the toys in the shop caught the children's attention/eye.孩子們的注意力都被商店的玩具所吸引。
= All the children's attention/eye was caught by the toys in the shop.
= The shop had all the children's attention/eye caught to the toys.
3．one after another:
相繼地, 依次地They went into the classroom one after another.
他們一個接一個地走進教室。Under his leadership we won one victory after another. 在他領導下，取得了一個又一個的勝利。One student after another dropped out of the class. 學生一個接一個地離開該班。同義詞： one by one one at a time: 一個接一個；逐一She read all the novels one by one. 她逐一讀完了的小說。One by one the guests left. 客人一位接一位地離開了。take in：欺騙；理解領悟；吸入收；改小(衣服)；包括包含；收留收容；留…住宿導學PHe had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.他沒處可去，我們收留了他。
The students found it easy to take in what Mr. Chen teaches in class.學生發現老師的課很容易理解。
Though he was poor, he took in a family poorer than him.盡管他窮他還是收容了比他還窮的一家人。 take off除去；脫掉；起飛；成功，成名；請假
take on呈現；雇用
take to：喜歡；養成…的習慣take over：接管；占領
take up拿起；占空間；開始從事；繼續take back：收回(諾言)；帶回
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.我花了很長時間才理解你說的話。
She was not easily taken in.她不容易受騙。
The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.那個農民收留了迷路的旅游者過夜。
She has taken up a job as a teacher.她當上了教師。
Our school has taken on a new look.我們學校呈現出新面貌。give out：vt. 發放出(光熱聲音信號氣體等)；分發；發布公布；精力殆盡導學Pvi. 耗盡；用完用盡Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.樹吸收二氧化碳釋放氧氣。give away：背棄出賣；捐贈；泄露(秘密)暴露
give back歸還；送回；報復 give over中止，停止做；交給/付，移交
give forth：發/放出(聲音、氣味等)；發表，公布 give in (to)屈服，投降，退讓
give off：(散)發出(蒸氣)，發散(光線) give up放棄公布，你不必再擔心了。
The results of the examination won’t be given outso you needn’t worry about it. 考試結果不會
The flowers give out a sweet smell，which makes us relaxed.花發出甜味，使我們感到輕松。
My money began to give out.我的錢快用光了。
The teacher gave out the exam papers.老師分發了試卷。
He has given in to my views.他順從了我的意見。
7．in a nutshell：簡言之；概括地講。 = in a word?/in brief/ in short。
to put it in a nutshell?歸總一句話I will put it in a nutshell.我將概括地說。That, in a nutshell, is what we’re doing.
簡言之,那就是現在我們正在做的事情。
He put the situation in a nutshell.他簡明扼要地說明了情況。This is the story in a nutshell. 這故事的大概就是如此。Unemployment is rising, prices are increasing; in a nutshell, the economy is in trouble.
失業率持續上升,物價節節上漲,簡言之,經濟出現了問題。
Module 4
Sandstorms in Asia
Explanations for new words and phrases
1．strength: n. 力量力氣
strengthenv. 增強；加強；(使)變強strong：adj.強壯的 導學P-10-2
build up one‘s strength/body 增強實力強身健體
gain one’s strength 積蓄力量with all one‘s strength
竭盡全力in (great) strength 大批大量地under/below strength
不足額；未全部到場的 at full strength 滿員額have the strength to do 有做…的力氣/意志力I don’t have the strength to climb any further.
我沒有力氣再往上爬了。
He has been doing morning exercises to build up his strength.他一直進行晨練以增強體力。
Everybody has his strengths and weaknesses.
每個人都有優缺點。以改善經濟。
At present America is taking some measures to strengthen the economy.目前美國正在采取措施
辨析：power，energy，force與strength
power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、；也可指人或機器等事物潛在的或所能發揮出來的力量；還可指職權，權力或政權。 I shall do everything in my power to help you.
energy：指物理學上的能的概念或生理上的精力。 He had so much energy that he could do the work of three men. 精力旺盛，能做三個人的工作。
force主要指自然界的力量，暴力，勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，軍事的力量等。著重指力產生的實際效果。
We had to use force to get into the house. 我們不得不破門而入。
strength指固有的潛力。說人時，指“力氣”或“強項，長處”；說物時，指“強度”。
The strength of my memory begins to fail. 不從心記憶力開始衰退。tmosphere： n. (1) 空氣，大氣The pollution of the atmosphere is very serious in this country. 這個國家大氣污染很嚴重。
(2) 氣氛，環境Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
自從他們發生口角以來，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。
They talked with each other in a friendly atmosphere.他們在友好的氣氛中交談。
Dim lighting creates a relaxing atmosphere.昏暗的燈光營造出一種輕松的氣氛。concerned： adj. 關心的；擔心的；掛念的；有關的(不用于名詞之前)導學Pbe concerned about/over/for 關心，掛念
be concerned with/in 牽涉到扯進；與…有關系/參與…all parties concerned 有關各方
as/so far as... be concerned 就…而言/來說We are concerned about his safety. 我們擔心他的安全。
He is concerned with the growth of the younger generation. 他很關心年輕一代的成長。
As far as I am concerned，you can do what you like. 就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
concernn. 擔心；關注；(利害)關系show/express concern about/for對…表示關心/擔心 have (no) concern with和…有無關系have no concern for對…不關心with concern關切地My mother showed great concern for me. 我母親非常關心我。
vt. (使)擔憂；涉及；關系到
concern oneself about/for 擔憂/關心…concern oneself with 從事參與忙于…
concern sb./sth. 與…有關There is no need to concern yourself with this matter；we’re dealing with it.你不用管這事了，我們正在處理。變化缺乏準備。
What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.讓我擔心的是我們對事態的
concerningprep. 關于There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 沒有充分的證據證明他有罪A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科學家必須提供證據以支持其理論。The room bore evidence of a struggle. 這房間里有搏斗過的跡象。major (minor)： adj. 較大多的；主要的；主修的較重要的major ? minor (反義詞)vi. 主修；專攻n. 主修課程；主修學生play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
major in sth. 主修 The major part of the town was ruined by the earthquake.鎮大部分已被地震造成一片廢墟。She majored in Maths and Physics at university. 她在大學里主修數學和物理。Mathematics/English is my major. 我的專業是數學。
majorityn. 大多數be in a/the majority占大多數構成大部分 by/with a majority of以…多數a/the majority of…的大多數
In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority. 女性在護理行業占大多數。
辨析major/main/chief major：“重大的；主要的”，指在規模、數量、重要性方面超出同類的其他事物。 Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.
main：“主要的”，強調事物某一部分分支的重要性大小潛力優于其他，或表整體中最主要最明顯的部分，通常只作定語。What's the main purpose of your visit?
chief：“主要的；首要的”，強調在順序、等級、重要性、價值方面高于其他所有同類事物。 Wuhan is one of the chief cities of China.
6．urgent：adj. 緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的 be in urgent need of 急需…
We have an urgent thing.我們有一件緊要的事情。He says the matter is urgent.他說這事很緊急。
urgevt.催促力勸敦促；進激鼓勵；極力主張urge sb to do sth. = urge sb. into doing 敦促某人做
urge sb. against 強烈反對
urge sb. on 鼓勵；激勵；為…加油
urge that 強烈要求；極力主張（從句用虛擬語氣）
He urges his sister's study. 他敦促妹妹學習。
We all urged him to go ahead with his plan. 我們都鼓勵他實施他的計劃。
He urged the necessity for immediate action. 他強烈要求立即采取行動。
Your progress will urge us to work hard. 你的進步會促進我們努力學習。
I don't want to urge you against your own wish.? 我不想勉強你，干違反自己意愿的事。
My friend urge that I (shall) apply for the job.? 朋友們力勸我申請那份工作complain： v. 投訴，抱怨，訴苦，發牢騷
complaint： n. 訴苦，抱怨；牢騷；投訴complain＋that 從句(只接 that 從句作賓語，不直接跟sb.或 sth.作賓語)complain to sb. of/about (doing) sth.
向…投訴抱怨(某事)，對…發牢騷complain of... 訴說有…病痛
make a complaint about/of (doing) sth. 提出投訴；抱怨(做)某事
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work. 因感到自己在工作上不受賞識而發牢騷。
At present the young always complain that their parents don’t take their thoughts seriously.
目前年輕人總是抱怨父母不認真對待他們的想法。
If you wish to make a complaint，you should see the manager. 如果你要投訴，你應該去找經理。
cut down： 砍倒使倒下；削減壓縮縮小(尺寸、數量或數目)；減價；殺死導學PMany trees have been cut down in the past 20 years in my hometown. 過去20許多樹都被砍了。All the big trees have been cut down. 所有的大樹都被砍倒了。
Now many teachers have cut down smoking and drinking. 現在許多老師很少抽煙喝酒了。
The doctor told me to cut down on smoking. 醫生要我少抽煙。
He was asking $500 for the carbut we cut down to $300.這車他要500但我們把價講到300美元His driver was cut down in a traffic accident.他的司機在一場事故中死亡。
cut across 走捷徑，穿過去 cut in (on sth.) 插話；讓某人分享利潤 cut off 中止切斷；隔絕 cut out 刪除；裁剪剪除切掉割掉 cut up 劈碎切碎；使難過傷心；(嚴重地)割傷
cut short 突然停止，中斷(活動)
cut through 穿過；克服；避開；剪斷 cut sth. in half/in two將……對半切開
I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time.希望在我們談話時別老是插嘴。
The electricity company is threatening to cut us off. 電力公司以停電威脅我們。
be caught in：被困于…；遭遇be trapped in / be stuck in被…困住導學Pbe caught doing被撞見做某事 catch up with趕上
catch hold of抓住，握住 He was caught in the heavy snow last night. 昨天晚上他恰巧趕上了大雪。
I am often caught in a heavy traffic on my way to school. 我在上學路上常常遇到塞車。
At the moment our technology is more advancedbut other countries are catching up with us.
目前我們的技術比較先進，不過其他國家正在追趕上來。
The child caught hold of his mother’s hand tightly in the earthquake.地震時，孩子緊抓住媽媽的手。
All the toys in the shop caught the children's attention/eye.孩子們的注意力都被商店的玩具所吸引。
= All the children's attention/eye was caught by the toys in the shop.
= The shop had all the children's attention/eye caught to the toys.
3．one after another:
相繼地, 依次地They went into the classroom one after another.
他們一個接一個地走進教室。Under his leadership we won one victory after another. 在他領導下，取得了一個又一個的勝利。One student after another dropped out of the class. 學生一個接一個地離開該班。同義詞： one by one one at a time: 一個接一個；逐一She read all the novels one by one. 她逐一讀完了的小說。One by one the guests left. 客人一位接一位地離開了。take in：欺騙；理解領悟；吸入收；改小(衣服)；包括包含；收留收容；留…住宿導學PHe had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.他沒處可去，我們收留了他。
The students found it easy to take in what Mr. Chen teaches in class.學生發現老師的課很容易理解。
Though he was poor, he took in a family poorer than him.盡管他窮他還是收容了比他還窮的一家人。 take off除去；脫掉；起飛；成功，成名；請假
take on呈現；雇用
take to：喜歡；養成…的習慣take over：接管；占領
take up拿起；占空間；開始從事；繼續take back：收回(諾言)；帶回
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.我花了很長時間才理解你說的話。
She was not easily taken in.她不容易受騙。
The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.那個農民收留了迷路的旅游者過夜。
She has taken up a job as a teacher.她當上了教師。
Our school has taken on a new look.我們學校呈現出新面貌。give out：vt. 發放出(光熱聲音信號氣體等)；分發；發布公布；精力殆盡導學Pvi. 耗盡；用完用盡Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.樹吸收二氧化碳釋放氧氣。give away：背棄出賣；捐贈；泄露(秘密)暴露
give back歸還；送回；報復 give over中止，停止做；交給/付，移交
give forth：發/放出(聲音、氣味等)；發表，公布 give in (to)屈服，投降，退讓
give off：(散)發出(蒸氣)，發散(光線) give up放棄公布，你不必再擔心了。
The results of the examination won’t be given outso you needn’t worry about it. 考試結果不會
The flowers give out a sweet smell，which makes us relaxed.花發出甜味，使我們感到輕松。
My money began to give out.我的錢快用光了。
The teacher gave out the exam papers.老師分發了試卷。
He has given in to my views.他順從了我的意見。
7．in a nutshell：簡言之；概括地講。 = in a word?/in brief/ in short。
to put it in a nutshell?歸總一句話I will put it in a nutshell.我將概括地說。That, in a nutshell, is what we’re doing.
簡言之,那就是現在我們正在做的事情。
He put the situation in a nutshell.他簡明扼要地說明了情況。This is the story in a nutshell. 這故事的大概就是如此。Unemployment is rising, prices are increasing; in a nutshell, the economy is in trouble.
失業率持續上升,物價節節上漲,簡言之,經濟出現了問題。
