【2024高考名師精編】英語二輪復習精品課件:介詞與連詞課件(全國通用)
(3)在非正式文體中,還可以用like作連詞引導方式狀語。 You try and do it like I do. 你試著照我做的去做。 8.引導比較狀語從句的連詞 引導比較狀語從句的連詞有as...as, not so...as, more...than, less...than,比較狀語從句在不引起誤解的情況下可省略重復部分,但有時則不能省略。 He is as kind as his sister(is). 他和他姐姐一樣好心。(可省略) George dresses as neatly as John (does). 喬治的穿著與約翰一樣整齊。(可省略) The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. (不能省略)那個女孩既聰明又漂亮。 The windows are much wider than they are high.(不能省略)這些窗戶的寬度大過其高度。 (二)引導名詞性從句的連詞 引導名詞性從句的連詞有三類:第一類是連接代詞who, whose, whom, whoever, whatever, what, which等,它們在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語;第二類是連接副詞when, where, how, why,它們在句中作狀語;第三類是從屬連詞that, whether, if等它們在句中不作成分。 Who wrote the novel is unknown. 誰寫了這部小說還不清楚。 Whenever you act like that is against the law. 無論什么時候你那么做都是違法的。 It seems that he will not agree with us. 他似乎不同意我們的意見。 Whether he will go there is not known. 還不知道他是否去那。 I didn't know why he didn't come. 我不知道他為什么沒來。 【2024福建卷】33. Nothing is so easy as parents raise their expectations of their children too high. A. of B. to
C. by
D. for 【考點】本題考查介詞的用法 【答案】D 【解析】句意為:沒有什么比父母親過多的提高對孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“對于父母親來說”,不定式是真正的被比較成分。本句的關鍵是找到關鍵點,一方面的nothing is so…as結構,另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。 【難度】中等
【2024浙江卷】14. Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_____ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. A. all in all B. for one thing C. on the contrary
D. by the way 14. 【考點】介詞短語詞義辨析 【答案】C 【解析】根據句意:布朗說他一點兒都不惱火。相反(on the contrary)他很高興能夠被透徹理解。All in all總而言之;for one thing其一;by the way順便講一下,均不符合語境,故排除。解題的關鍵是對詞組by no means=never(決不)的理解。 【難度】中等 【2024湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question
B. out of order
C. out of sight
D. out of place 25.D【命題立意】考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。 【解題思路】句意為:這套家具款式新潮,色澤明麗,與新式房屋和花園配套,但看起來與傳統的房子和花園不相稱。D項意為“與……不相稱”,符合句意。A項意為“毫無疑問”,B項意為“次序顛倒”,C項意為“看不見”,都與句意不符。 【2024四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%. A. as well as
B. so long as
C. so much as
D. as soon as 14.【答案與解析】 A
本題考查介詞as構成的短語用法區別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為:這個培訓計劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據句意選A。 【2024全國II】16. 100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil. A. for
B. at
C. on
D. of 【答案】B 【解析】此處是介詞前置的定語從句,temperature是先行詞,根據介詞短語at the temperature可知用at which,which代替temperature。句意:100度是水沸騰的溫度。 【考點定位】考查介詞的用法。 (2)在否定句或否定結構中,表示并列的兩個部分都是否定。 He can't speak French or Russian. 他不會說法語,也不會說俄語。 He studied for one whole day, without any food or rest. 他學了整整一天,既不吃飯也不休息。 (3)or還有“否則”的意思。 Take this bus, or you won't get there in time. 搭這輛公共汽車吧,否則你無法及時到達那里。 2.either...or...(或……或……) either...or...和or一樣可表選擇意義,但選擇的意義較or強。 You can either stay at home or go fishing. 你可以呆在家里,也可以去釣魚。 I want to visit either Paris or London. 我不是去巴黎參觀就是去倫敦看看。 3.whether...or...(不管是……還是……) Whether by accident or by design, they met. 不管是巧遇還是事先安排的,他們見了面。 Whether he drives or takes the bus, he'll be here on time. 不管是開車還是坐公交車,他都會準時到達這里。 4.rather than(而不,也不) He went out by himself rather than stay as an unwelcome guest. 他獨自一人走了,而不愿做個不受歡迎的人留下來。 Miss Sunny took an art course rather than take a politics course. 珊妮小姐寧可去上藝術課程也不愿去上政治學課程。 5.or else(否則),otherwise(要不然) or else, otherwise通常接在祈使句的后面。 Hurry up, or else/otherwise you'll be late. 快一點,否則你會遲到的。 Seize the chance, or else/otherwise you will regret it. 抓住這次機會,不然你會后悔的。 (三)表示轉折的連詞 表示轉折關系的并列連詞有:but, while, still, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless等。轉折連詞可表示對兩者或兩種事物看法委婉的轉折,也可表示情況相反,以形成鮮明對照。但是轉折連詞的用法,強弱對比應視具體情況而定。 He made good promises but always swallow them. 他說得很好聽,卻總不兌現。 Jenny dances well, while Anna doesn't. 珍妮的舞跳得很棒,而安娜不行。 He felt sick, still he kept on schooling. 盡管身體不適,但他還是堅持上學。 They did their best, yet they were defeated. 雖然他們盡了力,卻還是失敗了。 He apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 盡管他道了歉,但我還是不會原諒他。 (四)表示因果的連詞 表示因果關系的連詞有for, so, therefore, thus等。 1.for(因為) for作并列連詞,表示原因時,只能放在表示結果的句子之后,且用逗號隔開,旨在對前面句子進行解釋說明或提供證據。 He will surely succeed, for he works hard. 他一定會成功,因為他工作很努力。 It is morning, for the birds are singing. 清晨到,鳥兒唱。 2.so(所以) therefore(因此),thus(因而)等副詞性連詞,通常放在表示結果的句子之前,表示結果。 It was dark, so we went home. 天黑了,所以我們回家了。 He was busy, therefore he could not come. 他很忙,所以不能來。 His car broke down, thus he was late for work. 由于他的車壞了,所以他上班遲到了。 二、從屬連詞 從屬連詞通常引導附屬分句(即從句),從屬于主句。從屬連詞主要分為兩類:一種是引導各種狀語從句的連詞,在句中主要說明時間、原因、條件、目的等;另一種是引導各種名詞性從句連詞,在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或同位語等。 (一)引導狀語從句的連詞 引導狀語從句的從屬連詞,根據其在句中的意義和作用分為下列幾種情形: 1.引導時間狀語從句的連詞 引導時間狀語從句的常用連詞有after, before, as, when, while, whenever, since, till, as soon as等。 (1)as, when和while在意義上和用法上的區別。 as意為at the same time; when意為at the time that,它們可以指一點時間,也可以指一段時間;while意為during the time that,只能用于指一段時間。 when引導的從句中的謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態可以和主句中謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態同時發生,也可以先后發生;而while和as引導的從句,從句和主句的動作往往同時發生。 My brother fell downstairs when/as/while I had dinner. 我吃晚飯的時候我弟弟從樓梯上摔了下來。 The flight had just taken off when we arrived at the airport. 我們到達機場時,飛機剛好起飛。 The lark sings merrily as it flies high. 百靈鳥翱翔在天空時,歡快地歌唱。 (2)when和while有時起并列連詞的作用。when表示“突然”、“這時”的意思,由它引起的句子通常位于主句之后。 She was just about to leave the room when the telephone rang. 她正要離開房間,這時電話鈴響了。 They were about to board when it poured cats and dogs. 他們正準備登機,這時候下起了傾盆大雨。 (3)while連接兩個在意義上相對比的句子,表示“而”、“卻”的意思。 Jane was dressed in brown, while Mary was dressed in blue. 簡穿的是褐色衣服,而瑪麗的是藍色的。 Mr. Green always reads newspaper in the study after supper while Mrs. Green knits in the living room. 格林先生晚飯之后總是在書房里讀報,而格林太太坐在起居室里織毛衣。 2.引導原因狀語從句的連詞 引導原因狀語從句的最常見連詞是because, since和as。 (1)because引導的原因狀語從句,表示說話人認為聽話人不知道的原因或理由,從句往往是整個主從復合句的重心。 He was annoyed because he missed the bus. 他很生氣,因為他沒坐上公交車。 The manager of IT department didn't attend the morning meeting because he fell ill all of a sudden that morning. 信息部經理沒能出席晨會是因為那天早上他突然感到身體不適。 (2)since和as表示原因時,往往表示人們顯然已知的理由或原因,因此,側重點是主句的內容,原因只作附帶說明。對這些連詞在句中的語氣而言,because最強,since次之(在意義上相當于漢語中的“既然”講),as最弱。 Since his method doesn't work, let's try yours. 既然他的方法不靈,那么就試一試你的方法。 Since everybody is here, let's start. 既然大伙兒都到了,那么就開始吧。 As you object, I'll reconsider the plan. 因為你反對,我要重新考慮這個計劃。 As she knows the fact of the accident, we'll try our best to satisfy her. 既然她知道了事故的真相,我們將盡量滿足她的要求。 (3)其他可以表示原因的復合連詞有in that, now that, seeing that, considering that等。 3.引導條件狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞,主要是if和unless,由if引導的條件從句可以是真實條件句,也可以是非真實條件句。真實條件句所表示的條件指的是事實或有可能實現的事,非真實條件句指的是與事實相悖或不大可能實現的事。 If it rains, the match will be cancelled. 倘若天下雨,比賽就會取消。 If I were you, I should give him a good lesson. 假如我是你的話,我就要好好地教訓他一頓。 If I had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded. 要是上學期我用功的話,我肯定過關了。 unless在意義上相當于if...not。 You will fail again unless you work harder. 你要是再不努力些,你還會失敗的。 Do not come unless I call you. 我叫你,你再來。 (2)能引導條件從句,與if意義相近的復合連詞還有in case, providing(that), provided(that), as long as, on condition that等。 4.引導目的狀語從句的連詞 引導目的狀語從句的連詞,主要有so that, in order that, that, so, lest(=for fear that怕,免得)和in case等。 (1)so that用得較多,in order that用法較為正式。 They arrived there early so that/in order that they might see the film star. 他們早早趕到那兒,為的是能看到那位電影明星。 We hurried so that/in order that we might not be late for the lecture. 我們匆忙地趕著,生怕聽講座遲到。 (2)so常用于非正式文體。 I put it here so he can see it when he comes. 我把東西放在這兒,這樣他來的時候就能看得到。 He drove to the airport by himself so he could leave for Canada quietly. 他自己開車去機場為的是能悄悄地前往加拿大。 (3)lest用法較為陳舊,只見于正式文體;in case常見于非正式文體。 He locked up his money lest it should be stolen. 他把錢鎖好以防被盜。 You must be quiet in case the fish are frightened. 別出聲,以免魚兒受驚跑了。 5.引導結果狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導結果狀語從句的連詞主要有so that, so...that, such...that等。 He was often late for work, so that he was fired at last. 他經常上班遲到,所以他最終被解雇了。 I went to the booking office early so that I could get a ticket. 我早早去了票房為的是能買到一張票。 The record was so popular that it ran into three million copies in a year. 那張唱片非常受歡迎,一年就賣出了三百萬張。 It was such a bad accident that several people got killed. 那是一場嚴重交通事故,死了好幾個人。 The lecture was so instructive that the audience were deeply moved. 講座非常有教育意義,聽眾都被深深感動了。 (2)that也可引導結果狀語從句。 I must be getting pretty absent-minded that I forget to bring my ticket. 我肯定又是心不在焉,連票都不記得帶。 6.引導讓步狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有though, although, even if, even though等。though是一般用語;although較為正式,語氣比though強。它們表示同一意義時常可互換使用。漢語“雖然……但是……”譯為英語,如用though或although時,強調后半部分可用yet或still,但不能用but。 Though/Although the factory is small, yet its products are of very good quality. 雖然工廠規模不大,但是它的產品質量是過硬的。 Though Miss Allen has never been out of this island in her life, she knows more than any other people here. 雖然艾倫小姐一輩子都沒離開過這座島,可她懂的卻比島上任何人都要多。 (2)用讓步狀語從句陳述事實時,從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣,若陳述把握不大或假設的事情時,謂語動詞則用虛擬語氣。 I will not ask him to help even though he is willing to. 即使他愿意幫忙,我也不會找他幫忙的。 (3)在正式文體中,用as, though引導讓步狀語從句,常將從句的表語置于句首。 Strange though/as it may sound, I was pleased it was over. 盡管聽起來也許很奇怪,但我很高興這都結束了。 7.引導方式狀語從句的連詞 (1)英語中引導方式狀語從句的連詞常用的有as, as if, as though等。 Please state the facts as they are. 請實事求是地講明這些真相。 He speaks as if he is/were a drinker. 他說起話來就像喝醉酒一樣。 (2)有時as if, as though后接非謂語動詞形式作方式狀語。 He lifted his feet as if to go out. 他抬了腳,似乎想出去。 She stood there as if waiting for someone. 她站在那兒好像在等什么人。 The young man lay for several hours as though shocked. 那個年輕人躺了好幾個小時,好像休克了一樣。
高考英語二輪復習:介詞與連詞課件 數詞 一、hundred, score, dozen的用法 1.hundred, score, dozen的單復數問題: (1)與數詞連用時,其不用復數。如:four dozen eggs。 (2)表示“許多”(約數而不是確定的數,后接of)時,要用復數形式。即hundreds of, scores of, dozens of。 2.后接of與不接of的情況: hundred, dozen, score后的名詞前有定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等限定詞時,須用of;其后的名詞前如果沒有定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等限定詞時,不用of。 Four hundred of the students of their school took part in the physics competition. four score doctors of the hospital three score of the nurses in our hospital ◆鏈接 分數表達法: 分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,如果分子大于1,分母用序數詞的復數形式。如:one-fifth, three-sevenths 1/2, 1/4, 3/4分別表達為:a/one half, a quarter, three quarters
百分數表達法: 由基數詞+percent或百分比符號%構成,如:80%或eighty percent。 二、倍數表達法 兩倍用twice,三倍或三倍以上用...times。倍數表達有三種形式: 1....times+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as... 2....times+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than... 3....times+the+名詞+of... Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. Our classroom is four times larger than theirs. Our classroom is four times the size of theirs. ◆鏈接 其他的表示“倍數”的幾個句型。 ①倍數+that of...; ②倍數+what引導的名詞性從句; ③比較級+than...+by+倍數。 典例 (南昌調研,30)According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman. A.than B.such C.soD.as 解析:D。考查倍數表達法。句意:根據數據,男性死于皮膚癌的可能性是女性的兩倍還要多。twice as...as表示“是……的兩倍”。 介詞 介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞,不能單獨充當句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞(或相當于名詞的其它詞類、短語或從句)構成介詞短語。介詞形式有四種: 簡單介詞 above, at, below, beside, for, in, on, over, since, to, under, with等。 合成介詞 inside, into, out of, without等 短語介詞 because of, in front of, instead of, in spite of等 雙重介詞 from behind, until after等 一、介詞短語的作用 1.作定語 The key to the door is missing. 這扇門的鑰匙不見了。 The students of Senior Three have gone to the Summer Palace. 高三年級的學生已經去頤和園了。 2.作狀語 Catherine stayed in Paris for some time and then went to Sweden. 凱瑟琳在巴黎逗留了一段時間,然后去了瑞典。 Mr. Nice hurried to the hotel when he arrived at the Hethrow Airport. 尼斯先生一到希思羅機場,就匆匆忙忙去了旅店。 3.作表語 Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。 The football team is from Spain. 這只足球隊來自西班牙。 4.作賓語補足語 Make yourself at home. 別拘謹。
二、常用介詞辨析 1.表示地點的in和at 一般小地方用at;大地方用in。 He arrived in Beijing at noon. 他于中午時分到達北京。 He arrived at a small village before dark. 天黑之前他到了一個小村子。 2.表示時間的in和after in一般用于將來時;after一般用于過去時。另外after后可接時間點。 He'll be back in a week. 他一周后才回來。 He returned after a week. 他一周后回來了。 3.表示時間的in和on in表示一段時間;on表示具體的某一天或某一天的早上、中午、晚上。 He usually goes to work in the afternoon. 他通常下午上班。 After many days of anxious waiting, the Olympic mascots were finally chosen at 8:00 p.m. on November 11. 經過多天急切的等待,奧運會吉祥物終于在11月11日晚上8點揭曉。 at night(在夜間),at noon(在中午),by day(在白天)屬習慣用法,應記憶。 4.besides和except besides意為“除了……,還有”;而except意為“除了……外”,表示將一個或幾個人或物從同一種類中除外。besides在句中位置較活,而except多放在句尾。 ◆注意 ①beside與besides不同,beside的意思是“在……旁邊”;besides是“除了……,還有……”。 Come and sit beside me. 過來,坐在我的旁邊。 ②還應注意的是except for的用法,它的意思是“除了因為……(with the exception of)”,表示“整體不錯,只是存在局部問題”。 The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 作文寫得很好,只有幾個拼寫錯誤而已。 The village is quiet except for some birds singing in the woods. 除了樹林里的鳥鳴之外,村子里很安靜。 5.in、to和on在表示方位時的區別 in表示在某范圍之內;to表示在某范圍之外的地方;on表示“毗鄰”、“接壤”。 Leeds lies in the north of UK. 利茲位于英國北部。 Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu Province. 福建省位于江蘇省的南面。 North Korea is/lies on the northeast of China. 北朝鮮在中國的東北面。 6.above, over和on 這三個詞都有“在……上”的意思,其區別如下: above“在……之上”“高于……”(表示相對高度,不一定在正上方),其反義詞是below;over“在……之上”(表示垂直之上),反義詞是under;on“在……之上”(表示與表面接觸)。 A bird is flying above the wood. 一只鳥在樹林上空盤旋。 He keeps his head above water. 他把頭露出水面。 There is a lamp over our heads. 我們的頭頂上有一盞燈。(指我們的頭頂上方) He put a cellphone on the desk. 他把一部手機放在桌子上。 7.after, since after表示從過去或將來時間算起的一段時間后,或某件事后,不可與完成時連用;since表示從過去某時間點一直到現在,與完成時連用。 I woke up at midnight and after some time I heard some strange noise. 我半夜醒來,一會兒后,我聽見一些奇怪的聲音。 I have been watching TV since supper time. 自晚飯以來我一直在看電視。 連詞 連詞主要分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。 一、并列連詞 連接具有并列關系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。根據其意義,并列連詞又分為表示關聯、轉折、選擇和因果等四種關系的連詞。 (一)表示關聯的連詞 表示兩者之間關聯的并列連詞有and, both...and..., neither... nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。其用法如下: 1.and(和) (1)and用于肯定的并列關系。 I am a student and he is a teacher. 我是學生,他是老師。 She started to shout and cry. 她開始大哭大叫。 (2)and多用在動詞come, go, run, stay, stop等不及物動詞之后代替to,后接另一個動詞。此時第二個動詞表示目的。 Go and buy a pack of salt for me. 去給我買一袋鹽。 Go and fetch some water for your younger brother. 去給你弟弟拿點水來。 (3)用于“祈使句+and+句子”結構中,祈使句表示條件,后面的句子表示結果。 Study hard and you'll pass the exam. 只要努力學習你就會通過這次考試。 Use your head and you'll find a way. 動動腦子你就會有辦法。 (4)and用于一些固定詞組。 day and night日夜 father and mother父母 rich and poor貧富 hat and coat衣帽 thunder and lightning電閃雷鳴 2.both...and...(既……又……) both...and...與and的作用基本相同,但不能并列連接兩個句子,其語氣也比and強。 The film is both interesting and instructive. 這部電影寓教于樂。 He has both courage and perseverance. 他既有勇氣又有毅力。 3.neither...nor...(既不……也不……) neither...nor...為both...and...的否定形式,其用法也大致相同。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. 我和他都沒看過那部電影。 I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不吸煙也不喝酒。 4.not only...but also...(不但……而且……) not only...but also...和as well as的用法與and相似,只是各自側重點不同,not only...but also...短語的側重點放在but also后面的部分,而as well as則將重點放在短語的前面部分。試比較: She has not only knowledge but also experience. 她既有知識,又有經驗。 She has knowledge as well as experience. 她既有經驗,又有知識。 (二)表示選擇的連詞 表示選擇關系的并列連詞有or, either...or..., whether...or..., rather...than..., or else, otherwise等。 1.or(或) (1)在陳述句中,連接兩個通常在內容上相互排斥的部分。 The book will cost $8 or $9. 這本書的價錢不是8美元就是9美元。 Tom or I am to blame. 不是湯姆就是我該受責備。 Besides Mr. Bush, we also went to see the film.
除了布什先生,我們也去看電影了。(布什先生也去了)
We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.
除了王先生之外,我們都去看電影了。(王先生沒去)
(3)在非正式文體中,還可以用like作連詞引導方式狀語。 You try and do it like I do. 你試著照我做的去做。 8.引導比較狀語從句的連詞 引導比較狀語從句的連詞有as...as, not so...as, more...than, less...than,比較狀語從句在不引起誤解的情況下可省略重復部分,但有時則不能省略。 He is as kind as his sister(is). 他和他姐姐一樣好心。(可省略) George dresses as neatly as John (does). 喬治的穿著與約翰一樣整齊。(可省略) The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. (不能省略)那個女孩既聰明又漂亮。 The windows are much wider than they are high.(不能省略)這些窗戶的寬度大過其高度。 (二)引導名詞性從句的連詞 引導名詞性從句的連詞有三類:第一類是連接代詞who, whose, whom, whoever, whatever, what, which等,它們在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語;第二類是連接副詞when, where, how, why,它們在句中作狀語;第三類是從屬連詞that, whether, if等它們在句中不作成分。 Who wrote the novel is unknown. 誰寫了這部小說還不清楚。 Whenever you act like that is against the law. 無論什么時候你那么做都是違法的。 It seems that he will not agree with us. 他似乎不同意我們的意見。 Whether he will go there is not known. 還不知道他是否去那。 I didn't know why he didn't come. 我不知道他為什么沒來。 【2024福建卷】33. Nothing is so easy as parents raise their expectations of their children too high. A. of B. to
C. by
D. for 【考點】本題考查介詞的用法 【答案】D 【解析】句意為:沒有什么比父母親過多的提高對孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“對于父母親來說”,不定式是真正的被比較成分。本句的關鍵是找到關鍵點,一方面的nothing is so…as結構,另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。 【難度】中等
【2024浙江卷】14. Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_____ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. A. all in all B. for one thing C. on the contrary
D. by the way 14. 【考點】介詞短語詞義辨析 【答案】C 【解析】根據句意:布朗說他一點兒都不惱火。相反(on the contrary)他很高興能夠被透徹理解。All in all總而言之;for one thing其一;by the way順便講一下,均不符合語境,故排除。解題的關鍵是對詞組by no means=never(決不)的理解。 【難度】中等 【2024湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question
B. out of order
C. out of sight
D. out of place 25.D【命題立意】考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。 【解題思路】句意為:這套家具款式新潮,色澤明麗,與新式房屋和花園配套,但看起來與傳統的房子和花園不相稱。D項意為“與……不相稱”,符合句意。A項意為“毫無疑問”,B項意為“次序顛倒”,C項意為“看不見”,都與句意不符。 【2024四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%. A. as well as
B. so long as
C. so much as
D. as soon as 14.【答案與解析】 A
本題考查介詞as構成的短語用法區別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為:這個培訓計劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據句意選A。 【2024全國II】16. 100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil. A. for
B. at
C. on
D. of 【答案】B 【解析】此處是介詞前置的定語從句,temperature是先行詞,根據介詞短語at the temperature可知用at which,which代替temperature。句意:100度是水沸騰的溫度。 【考點定位】考查介詞的用法。 (2)在否定句或否定結構中,表示并列的兩個部分都是否定。 He can't speak French or Russian. 他不會說法語,也不會說俄語。 He studied for one whole day, without any food or rest. 他學了整整一天,既不吃飯也不休息。 (3)or還有“否則”的意思。 Take this bus, or you won't get there in time. 搭這輛公共汽車吧,否則你無法及時到達那里。 2.either...or...(或……或……) either...or...和or一樣可表選擇意義,但選擇的意義較or強。 You can either stay at home or go fishing. 你可以呆在家里,也可以去釣魚。 I want to visit either Paris or London. 我不是去巴黎參觀就是去倫敦看看。 3.whether...or...(不管是……還是……) Whether by accident or by design, they met. 不管是巧遇還是事先安排的,他們見了面。 Whether he drives or takes the bus, he'll be here on time. 不管是開車還是坐公交車,他都會準時到達這里。 4.rather than(而不,也不) He went out by himself rather than stay as an unwelcome guest. 他獨自一人走了,而不愿做個不受歡迎的人留下來。 Miss Sunny took an art course rather than take a politics course. 珊妮小姐寧可去上藝術課程也不愿去上政治學課程。 5.or else(否則),otherwise(要不然) or else, otherwise通常接在祈使句的后面。 Hurry up, or else/otherwise you'll be late. 快一點,否則你會遲到的。 Seize the chance, or else/otherwise you will regret it. 抓住這次機會,不然你會后悔的。 (三)表示轉折的連詞 表示轉折關系的并列連詞有:but, while, still, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless等。轉折連詞可表示對兩者或兩種事物看法委婉的轉折,也可表示情況相反,以形成鮮明對照。但是轉折連詞的用法,強弱對比應視具體情況而定。 He made good promises but always swallow them. 他說得很好聽,卻總不兌現。 Jenny dances well, while Anna doesn't. 珍妮的舞跳得很棒,而安娜不行。 He felt sick, still he kept on schooling. 盡管身體不適,但他還是堅持上學。 They did their best, yet they were defeated. 雖然他們盡了力,卻還是失敗了。 He apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 盡管他道了歉,但我還是不會原諒他。 (四)表示因果的連詞 表示因果關系的連詞有for, so, therefore, thus等。 1.for(因為) for作并列連詞,表示原因時,只能放在表示結果的句子之后,且用逗號隔開,旨在對前面句子進行解釋說明或提供證據。 He will surely succeed, for he works hard. 他一定會成功,因為他工作很努力。 It is morning, for the birds are singing. 清晨到,鳥兒唱。 2.so(所以) therefore(因此),thus(因而)等副詞性連詞,通常放在表示結果的句子之前,表示結果。 It was dark, so we went home. 天黑了,所以我們回家了。 He was busy, therefore he could not come. 他很忙,所以不能來。 His car broke down, thus he was late for work. 由于他的車壞了,所以他上班遲到了。 二、從屬連詞 從屬連詞通常引導附屬分句(即從句),從屬于主句。從屬連詞主要分為兩類:一種是引導各種狀語從句的連詞,在句中主要說明時間、原因、條件、目的等;另一種是引導各種名詞性從句連詞,在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或同位語等。 (一)引導狀語從句的連詞 引導狀語從句的從屬連詞,根據其在句中的意義和作用分為下列幾種情形: 1.引導時間狀語從句的連詞 引導時間狀語從句的常用連詞有after, before, as, when, while, whenever, since, till, as soon as等。 (1)as, when和while在意義上和用法上的區別。 as意為at the same time; when意為at the time that,它們可以指一點時間,也可以指一段時間;while意為during the time that,只能用于指一段時間。 when引導的從句中的謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態可以和主句中謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態同時發生,也可以先后發生;而while和as引導的從句,從句和主句的動作往往同時發生。 My brother fell downstairs when/as/while I had dinner. 我吃晚飯的時候我弟弟從樓梯上摔了下來。 The flight had just taken off when we arrived at the airport. 我們到達機場時,飛機剛好起飛。 The lark sings merrily as it flies high. 百靈鳥翱翔在天空時,歡快地歌唱。 (2)when和while有時起并列連詞的作用。when表示“突然”、“這時”的意思,由它引起的句子通常位于主句之后。 She was just about to leave the room when the telephone rang. 她正要離開房間,這時電話鈴響了。 They were about to board when it poured cats and dogs. 他們正準備登機,這時候下起了傾盆大雨。 (3)while連接兩個在意義上相對比的句子,表示“而”、“卻”的意思。 Jane was dressed in brown, while Mary was dressed in blue. 簡穿的是褐色衣服,而瑪麗的是藍色的。 Mr. Green always reads newspaper in the study after supper while Mrs. Green knits in the living room. 格林先生晚飯之后總是在書房里讀報,而格林太太坐在起居室里織毛衣。 2.引導原因狀語從句的連詞 引導原因狀語從句的最常見連詞是because, since和as。 (1)because引導的原因狀語從句,表示說話人認為聽話人不知道的原因或理由,從句往往是整個主從復合句的重心。 He was annoyed because he missed the bus. 他很生氣,因為他沒坐上公交車。 The manager of IT department didn't attend the morning meeting because he fell ill all of a sudden that morning. 信息部經理沒能出席晨會是因為那天早上他突然感到身體不適。 (2)since和as表示原因時,往往表示人們顯然已知的理由或原因,因此,側重點是主句的內容,原因只作附帶說明。對這些連詞在句中的語氣而言,because最強,since次之(在意義上相當于漢語中的“既然”講),as最弱。 Since his method doesn't work, let's try yours. 既然他的方法不靈,那么就試一試你的方法。 Since everybody is here, let's start. 既然大伙兒都到了,那么就開始吧。 As you object, I'll reconsider the plan. 因為你反對,我要重新考慮這個計劃。 As she knows the fact of the accident, we'll try our best to satisfy her. 既然她知道了事故的真相,我們將盡量滿足她的要求。 (3)其他可以表示原因的復合連詞有in that, now that, seeing that, considering that等。 3.引導條件狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞,主要是if和unless,由if引導的條件從句可以是真實條件句,也可以是非真實條件句。真實條件句所表示的條件指的是事實或有可能實現的事,非真實條件句指的是與事實相悖或不大可能實現的事。 If it rains, the match will be cancelled. 倘若天下雨,比賽就會取消。 If I were you, I should give him a good lesson. 假如我是你的話,我就要好好地教訓他一頓。 If I had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded. 要是上學期我用功的話,我肯定過關了。 unless在意義上相當于if...not。 You will fail again unless you work harder. 你要是再不努力些,你還會失敗的。 Do not come unless I call you. 我叫你,你再來。 (2)能引導條件從句,與if意義相近的復合連詞還有in case, providing(that), provided(that), as long as, on condition that等。 4.引導目的狀語從句的連詞 引導目的狀語從句的連詞,主要有so that, in order that, that, so, lest(=for fear that怕,免得)和in case等。 (1)so that用得較多,in order that用法較為正式。 They arrived there early so that/in order that they might see the film star. 他們早早趕到那兒,為的是能看到那位電影明星。 We hurried so that/in order that we might not be late for the lecture. 我們匆忙地趕著,生怕聽講座遲到。 (2)so常用于非正式文體。 I put it here so he can see it when he comes. 我把東西放在這兒,這樣他來的時候就能看得到。 He drove to the airport by himself so he could leave for Canada quietly. 他自己開車去機場為的是能悄悄地前往加拿大。 (3)lest用法較為陳舊,只見于正式文體;in case常見于非正式文體。 He locked up his money lest it should be stolen. 他把錢鎖好以防被盜。 You must be quiet in case the fish are frightened. 別出聲,以免魚兒受驚跑了。 5.引導結果狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導結果狀語從句的連詞主要有so that, so...that, such...that等。 He was often late for work, so that he was fired at last. 他經常上班遲到,所以他最終被解雇了。 I went to the booking office early so that I could get a ticket. 我早早去了票房為的是能買到一張票。 The record was so popular that it ran into three million copies in a year. 那張唱片非常受歡迎,一年就賣出了三百萬張。 It was such a bad accident that several people got killed. 那是一場嚴重交通事故,死了好幾個人。 The lecture was so instructive that the audience were deeply moved. 講座非常有教育意義,聽眾都被深深感動了。 (2)that也可引導結果狀語從句。 I must be getting pretty absent-minded that I forget to bring my ticket. 我肯定又是心不在焉,連票都不記得帶。 6.引導讓步狀語從句的連詞 (1)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有though, although, even if, even though等。though是一般用語;although較為正式,語氣比though強。它們表示同一意義時常可互換使用。漢語“雖然……但是……”譯為英語,如用though或although時,強調后半部分可用yet或still,但不能用but。 Though/Although the factory is small, yet its products are of very good quality. 雖然工廠規模不大,但是它的產品質量是過硬的。 Though Miss Allen has never been out of this island in her life, she knows more than any other people here. 雖然艾倫小姐一輩子都沒離開過這座島,可她懂的卻比島上任何人都要多。 (2)用讓步狀語從句陳述事實時,從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣,若陳述把握不大或假設的事情時,謂語動詞則用虛擬語氣。 I will not ask him to help even though he is willing to. 即使他愿意幫忙,我也不會找他幫忙的。 (3)在正式文體中,用as, though引導讓步狀語從句,常將從句的表語置于句首。 Strange though/as it may sound, I was pleased it was over. 盡管聽起來也許很奇怪,但我很高興這都結束了。 7.引導方式狀語從句的連詞 (1)英語中引導方式狀語從句的連詞常用的有as, as if, as though等。 Please state the facts as they are. 請實事求是地講明這些真相。 He speaks as if he is/were a drinker. 他說起話來就像喝醉酒一樣。 (2)有時as if, as though后接非謂語動詞形式作方式狀語。 He lifted his feet as if to go out. 他抬了腳,似乎想出去。 She stood there as if waiting for someone. 她站在那兒好像在等什么人。 The young man lay for several hours as though shocked. 那個年輕人躺了好幾個小時,好像休克了一樣。
高考英語二輪復習:介詞與連詞課件 數詞 一、hundred, score, dozen的用法 1.hundred, score, dozen的單復數問題: (1)與數詞連用時,其不用復數。如:four dozen eggs。 (2)表示“許多”(約數而不是確定的數,后接of)時,要用復數形式。即hundreds of, scores of, dozens of。 2.后接of與不接of的情況: hundred, dozen, score后的名詞前有定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等限定詞時,須用of;其后的名詞前如果沒有定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等限定詞時,不用of。 Four hundred of the students of their school took part in the physics competition. four score doctors of the hospital three score of the nurses in our hospital ◆鏈接 分數表達法: 分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,如果分子大于1,分母用序數詞的復數形式。如:one-fifth, three-sevenths 1/2, 1/4, 3/4分別表達為:a/one half, a quarter, three quarters
百分數表達法: 由基數詞+percent或百分比符號%構成,如:80%或eighty percent。 二、倍數表達法 兩倍用twice,三倍或三倍以上用...times。倍數表達有三種形式: 1....times+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as... 2....times+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than... 3....times+the+名詞+of... Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. Our classroom is four times larger than theirs. Our classroom is four times the size of theirs. ◆鏈接 其他的表示“倍數”的幾個句型。 ①倍數+that of...; ②倍數+what引導的名詞性從句; ③比較級+than...+by+倍數。 典例 (南昌調研,30)According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman. A.than B.such C.soD.as 解析:D。考查倍數表達法。句意:根據數據,男性死于皮膚癌的可能性是女性的兩倍還要多。twice as...as表示“是……的兩倍”。 介詞 介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞,不能單獨充當句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞(或相當于名詞的其它詞類、短語或從句)構成介詞短語。介詞形式有四種: 簡單介詞 above, at, below, beside, for, in, on, over, since, to, under, with等。 合成介詞 inside, into, out of, without等 短語介詞 because of, in front of, instead of, in spite of等 雙重介詞 from behind, until after等 一、介詞短語的作用 1.作定語 The key to the door is missing. 這扇門的鑰匙不見了。 The students of Senior Three have gone to the Summer Palace. 高三年級的學生已經去頤和園了。 2.作狀語 Catherine stayed in Paris for some time and then went to Sweden. 凱瑟琳在巴黎逗留了一段時間,然后去了瑞典。 Mr. Nice hurried to the hotel when he arrived at the Hethrow Airport. 尼斯先生一到希思羅機場,就匆匆忙忙去了旅店。 3.作表語 Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。 The football team is from Spain. 這只足球隊來自西班牙。 4.作賓語補足語 Make yourself at home. 別拘謹。
二、常用介詞辨析 1.表示地點的in和at 一般小地方用at;大地方用in。 He arrived in Beijing at noon. 他于中午時分到達北京。 He arrived at a small village before dark. 天黑之前他到了一個小村子。 2.表示時間的in和after in一般用于將來時;after一般用于過去時。另外after后可接時間點。 He'll be back in a week. 他一周后才回來。 He returned after a week. 他一周后回來了。 3.表示時間的in和on in表示一段時間;on表示具體的某一天或某一天的早上、中午、晚上。 He usually goes to work in the afternoon. 他通常下午上班。 After many days of anxious waiting, the Olympic mascots were finally chosen at 8:00 p.m. on November 11. 經過多天急切的等待,奧運會吉祥物終于在11月11日晚上8點揭曉。 at night(在夜間),at noon(在中午),by day(在白天)屬習慣用法,應記憶。 4.besides和except besides意為“除了……,還有”;而except意為“除了……外”,表示將一個或幾個人或物從同一種類中除外。besides在句中位置較活,而except多放在句尾。 ◆注意 ①beside與besides不同,beside的意思是“在……旁邊”;besides是“除了……,還有……”。 Come and sit beside me. 過來,坐在我的旁邊。 ②還應注意的是except for的用法,它的意思是“除了因為……(with the exception of)”,表示“整體不錯,只是存在局部問題”。 The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 作文寫得很好,只有幾個拼寫錯誤而已。 The village is quiet except for some birds singing in the woods. 除了樹林里的鳥鳴之外,村子里很安靜。 5.in、to和on在表示方位時的區別 in表示在某范圍之內;to表示在某范圍之外的地方;on表示“毗鄰”、“接壤”。 Leeds lies in the north of UK. 利茲位于英國北部。 Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu Province. 福建省位于江蘇省的南面。 North Korea is/lies on the northeast of China. 北朝鮮在中國的東北面。 6.above, over和on 這三個詞都有“在……上”的意思,其區別如下: above“在……之上”“高于……”(表示相對高度,不一定在正上方),其反義詞是below;over“在……之上”(表示垂直之上),反義詞是under;on“在……之上”(表示與表面接觸)。 A bird is flying above the wood. 一只鳥在樹林上空盤旋。 He keeps his head above water. 他把頭露出水面。 There is a lamp over our heads. 我們的頭頂上有一盞燈。(指我們的頭頂上方) He put a cellphone on the desk. 他把一部手機放在桌子上。 7.after, since after表示從過去或將來時間算起的一段時間后,或某件事后,不可與完成時連用;since表示從過去某時間點一直到現在,與完成時連用。 I woke up at midnight and after some time I heard some strange noise. 我半夜醒來,一會兒后,我聽見一些奇怪的聲音。 I have been watching TV since supper time. 自晚飯以來我一直在看電視。 連詞 連詞主要分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。 一、并列連詞 連接具有并列關系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。根據其意義,并列連詞又分為表示關聯、轉折、選擇和因果等四種關系的連詞。 (一)表示關聯的連詞 表示兩者之間關聯的并列連詞有and, both...and..., neither... nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。其用法如下: 1.and(和) (1)and用于肯定的并列關系。 I am a student and he is a teacher. 我是學生,他是老師。 She started to shout and cry. 她開始大哭大叫。 (2)and多用在動詞come, go, run, stay, stop等不及物動詞之后代替to,后接另一個動詞。此時第二個動詞表示目的。 Go and buy a pack of salt for me. 去給我買一袋鹽。 Go and fetch some water for your younger brother. 去給你弟弟拿點水來。 (3)用于“祈使句+and+句子”結構中,祈使句表示條件,后面的句子表示結果。 Study hard and you'll pass the exam. 只要努力學習你就會通過這次考試。 Use your head and you'll find a way. 動動腦子你就會有辦法。 (4)and用于一些固定詞組。 day and night日夜 father and mother父母 rich and poor貧富 hat and coat衣帽 thunder and lightning電閃雷鳴 2.both...and...(既……又……) both...and...與and的作用基本相同,但不能并列連接兩個句子,其語氣也比and強。 The film is both interesting and instructive. 這部電影寓教于樂。 He has both courage and perseverance. 他既有勇氣又有毅力。 3.neither...nor...(既不……也不……) neither...nor...為both...and...的否定形式,其用法也大致相同。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. 我和他都沒看過那部電影。 I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不吸煙也不喝酒。 4.not only...but also...(不但……而且……) not only...but also...和as well as的用法與and相似,只是各自側重點不同,not only...but also...短語的側重點放在but also后面的部分,而as well as則將重點放在短語的前面部分。試比較: She has not only knowledge but also experience. 她既有知識,又有經驗。 She has knowledge as well as experience. 她既有經驗,又有知識。 (二)表示選擇的連詞 表示選擇關系的并列連詞有or, either...or..., whether...or..., rather...than..., or else, otherwise等。 1.or(或) (1)在陳述句中,連接兩個通常在內容上相互排斥的部分。 The book will cost $8 or $9. 這本書的價錢不是8美元就是9美元。 Tom or I am to blame. 不是湯姆就是我該受責備。 Besides Mr. Bush, we also went to see the film.
除了布什先生,我們也去看電影了。(布什先生也去了)
We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.
除了王先生之外,我們都去看電影了。(王先生沒去)