2024高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇提練：第二單元第二部分單選命題策略分析與解題技巧

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　　第二部分

　　高考單選命題策略分析與解題技巧

　　第一節(jié)

　　高考單選命題常見手段

　　單項(xiàng)選擇試題特點(diǎn)

　　1）句子長(zhǎng)，2）復(fù)句多，3）結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，4）語言實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，5）無單純語法或詞法考題，6）每題中都設(shè)置了特定的語境。

　　---Who is the teacher?

　　---One of my friends is ______ teacher, ______ teacher who works in a middle school.

　　A. a, the, B.

　　the,

　　C. a, a

　　the,

　　the

　　單項(xiàng)選擇試題命題思路

　　注重單句層次的語境設(shè)置，重點(diǎn)考察考生的語言運(yùn)用能力。

　　考生在具備了一定的語言能力、語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)和語用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能靈活自如地主宰單項(xiàng)選擇題。分析歷年考題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)近幾年來的單句層次的語境創(chuàng)設(shè)手段有以下幾種：

　　運(yùn)用交際手段

　　交際語用型是指對(duì)提供的情景作出反應(yīng)，旨在考察考生的語用能力。

　　(1)--- Can I get you a cup of tea?

　　---__________. (1998,15)

　　A. That’s very nice of you.

　　B. With pleasure

　　C. You can, please

　　D. Thank you for the tea.

　　(2) ---Wait!

　　---_______. (2000,9)

　　A. Yes, sir?

　　B. What?

　　C. All right?

　　D. Pardon?

　　(3) ---Good morning, Grand Hotel.

　　---Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.

　　--- _______. (2001, 21)

　　A. What can I do for you

　　B. Just a minute, please.

　　C. What’s the matter

　　D. At your service

　　交際綜合型以對(duì)話為語境依托，目的在考察語法和詞法。

　　(4) ---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

　　---They ______ be ready by 12:00. (1998,13)

　　A. can

　　B. should

　　C. might

　　D. need

　　(5) ---Will you stay for lunch?

　　---Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. (1999,15)

　　A. I mustn’t

　　B. I can’t

　　C. I needn’t

　　D. I won’t

　　(6) ---Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

　　---I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead. (2000,15)

　　A. must

　　B. would

　　C. should

　　D. might

　　(7) ---Alice, you feed the bird today, ______ ?

　　---But I fed it yesterday. (

　　)

　　A. do you

　　B. will you

　　C. didn’t you

　　D. don’t you

　　運(yùn)用句法手段

　　運(yùn)用復(fù)合句

　　(8)

　　(9) The WTO cannot live up to its name ______ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (2000,21)

　　A. as long as

　　B. while

　　C. if

　　D. even though

　　運(yùn)用并列句

　　I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (1997, 12)

　　A. to go

　　B. to have gone

　　C. going

　　D. having gone

　　運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單句

　　The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. (1997,17)

　　A. first playing

　　B. to be first played

　　C. first played

　　D. to be first playing

　　運(yùn)用二層次陳述

　　Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry. (1997,13)

　　A. inspired

　　B. satisfied

　　C. calm

　　D. certain

　　運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

　　European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world. (1998,25)

　　A. making

　　B. makes

　　C. made

　　D. to make

　?。ǘ﹩尉鋵哟蔚恼系K設(shè)置以進(jìn)行消極干擾，使試題有一定難度，用以檢測(cè)考生的分析能力。

　　分析歷年考題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有以下九種設(shè)置障礙的手段：

　　多元選擇手段

　　在一個(gè)題中設(shè)置一個(gè)以上考點(diǎn)的選擇問題，稱為多元選擇題。這類題具有綜合性強(qiáng)、干擾性大等特點(diǎn)，易導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)散思維。

　　對(duì)策: 采取各個(gè)擊破法. 做這類題可用“各個(gè)擊破”的方法，先找出較容易的，然后再做較難的。

　　Most animals have little connection with ______ animals of ______ different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000,10)

　　A. the; a

　　B. /; a

　　C. the; the

　　D./; the

　　The warmth of ______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _______ wool used. (2001,29)

　　A. the; the

　　B. the; /

　　C. /; the

　　D./; /

　　插入語手段

　　某些詞（態(tài)度詞）、短語或句子，或放在句首、句中、或句末，多用逗號(hào)與句子里的其他成分分開，這些詞并非句子中的語法構(gòu)成部分。常用態(tài)度詞surely, indeed, perhaps, personally, fortunately, luckily等；短語有sure enough, most important of all, to tell the truth, generally speaking, in one's opinion, in other words, worse still, to be frank, to one's surprise等; 句子有: I dare say, I'm sure, I admit, I'm afraid, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I imagine, What's worse, What's more等。高考命題中設(shè)置障礙主要采用短語和句子插入句中的形式，以干擾視線，分散注意力，混淆句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而加大考題的難度。

　　對(duì)策: 采取減元法. 考生只有具備識(shí)別插入語的能力，才能解好這類題。

　　(16) ---We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.

　　--- What do you suppose _____ to her? (MET 91,23)

　　A. was happening

　　B. to happen

　　C. has happened

　　D. having happened

　　(17) The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001, 22)

　　A. until

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　變換句子結(jié)構(gòu)------拆搭法

　　所謂"拆搭法"即命題者通過各種手段把原先在一起使用的固定搭配拆開, 將兩個(gè)毫不相干的表達(dá)搭在一起, 或?qū)㈩}干中句子的某一部分位置加一調(diào)整以此增加理解句子和選擇答案的難度。為了達(dá)到"貌合神離" 或"貌離神合" 的效果, 命題者一般從以下幾方面入手:

　　(1)

　　增加提干法: 如加插入語從句等.

　　對(duì)策(1) 采取減元法, 去除插入語或從句; (2) 蔣主從句分解為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句; (3) 將所選選項(xiàng)代入原句.

　　(18) John plays football ____, if not better than, David. (NMET 94,28)

　　A. as well

　　B. as well as

　　C. so well

　　D. so well as

　　The theory he had stuck ______ to be true.

　　A. proved

　　B. to proving

　　C. to prove

　　D. to proved

　　(20) --- Thank you for the great trouble you've had ______ me with my computer work.

　　--- That is nothing.

　　A. with helping

　　B. helping

　　C. to help

　　D. to have helped

　　Lots of time has been spent _______ the job.

　　A. to finish

　　B. finished

　　C. finishing

　　D. finish

　　(21) The harder we study, the more questions we think of _______.

　　A. asking

　　B. being asked

　　C. to ask

　　D. asked

　　(22) The plan they got down to ______.

　　A. was finished

　　B. being finished

　　C. have been finished

　　D. finishing it

　　(23) I feel the time has come ______ around for a new job.

　　A. to me to begin looking

　　B. to me to begin to look

　　C. for me to begin looking

　　D. for me beginning to look

　　(2) 移位法: 將動(dòng)賓或介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語通過被動(dòng)語態(tài)定語從句或用疑問詞替代的方法進(jìn)行移位, 使考生形成思維空缺.

　　對(duì)策(1) 還原法, 將被動(dòng)語態(tài)還原成主動(dòng)語態(tài); (2)將含定語從句的復(fù)合句分化為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句; (3) 將疑問句還原為陳述句.

　　(24) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001,22)

　　A. until

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　(25) The director told the visitors that very little _____ was made of the waste water in the past.

　　A. cost

　　B. value

　　C. use

　　D. matter

　　(26) I wonder if this is the computer you want ______.

　　A. to have repaired

　　B. to have it repaired

　　C. it repaired

　　D. to repair it

　　(27) What way are you thinking of ________ rid of the flies?

　　A. to get

　　B. getting

　　C. being got

　　D. to be getting

　　(28) Who are you going to ______ " Who's who" into Chinese?

　　A. have translated

　　B. have been translated

　　C. have translate

　　D. have been translating

　　(28) We believe ______ you have devoted yourself _______ sure to come true.

　　A. that, is

　　B. all that, to be

　　C. that all, are

　　D. what, to is

　　(29) The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off.

　　A. to have stolen

　　B. to be stealing

　　C. to steal

　　D. stealing

　　(30) _______are parts of the same educational experience, but unfortunately they are often thought

　　of _____separate.

　　Teaching or learning, to be

　　Teaching and learning, as to be

　　Teaching rather than learning, as being

　　Teaching and learning, as being

　　(31) A group has been arranged ____ Mr. Black at the airport.

　　A. for meeting

　　B. to meet

　　C. for to meet

　　D. meeting

　　(32) Who would you rather

　　_____ you tomorrow?

　　had helped

　　B. help

　　C. to help

　　D. helped

　　(33) Do you refer to the bike you _____ yesterday?

　　A. had it repaired

　　B. had repaired

　　C. repair

　　D. repaired it

　　(34) He was sung high praise ________ he had done..

　　A. for what

　　B. for that

　　C. for for what

　　D. for

　　　(3) 障眼法: 即利用思維定勢(shì). 學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中強(qiáng)化記憶一些基礎(chǔ)詞法、句法，這是非常必要的。但這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，還必須學(xué)會(huì)正確遷移。因?yàn)閺?qiáng)化記憶會(huì)形成思維定勢(shì)，而思維定勢(shì)可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面效應(yīng)。正是基于這一點(diǎn)，高考長(zhǎng)設(shè)置語境，考察考生靈活的遷移能力。用學(xué)生熟悉的搭配或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)干擾項(xiàng).

　　對(duì)策 (1) 移位法; (2) 分析所空部分在句子中充當(dāng)何種成分; (3) 翻譯句子句意是否通順。

　　(35) The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time. (2001,27)

　　A. from

　　B. in

　　C. of

　　D. at

　　(36) The use he _____ his spare time made him a spare-time writer.

　　made up of

　　B. made up for

　　C. made of

　　D. took

　　(37) He is often listened ______ that beautiful song.

　　A. to to sing

　　B. sing

　　C. to sing

　　D. to singing

　　(38)

　　I can do what I can ______ you.

　　A. help

　　B. to help

　　C. helping

　　D. helped

　　(39) We should try to prevent pollution _____ a happier life.

　　A. from living

　　B. living

　　C. to live

　　D. against living

　　(40) Beautiful as they made it ______ happily, they had wasted so much.

　　A. living

　　B. to live

　　C. live

　　D. to be lived

　　(41) With the completion of the power station, it will keep the peasants in the area ______ electricity.

　　A. supplying with

　　B. supplying by

　　C. supplied with

　　D. supplied by

　　(4) 縮略法: 與方法(1) 正好相反, 通過隱含或省略部分結(jié)構(gòu)的方法使兩個(gè)不相干的部分搭在一起.

　　對(duì)策: 增元法, 分析句子成分, 補(bǔ)全所缺部分, 在所有成分俱全的情況下進(jìn)行判斷。

　　(42) He likes little of chemistry, ________of physics.

　　and more

　　B.no more than

　　and still less

　　not less than

　　(43) When _______, this machine must be paid great attention to.

　　A. used

　　B. using

　　C. being used

　　D. using it

　　省略句的使用

　　采用省略的手法減弱命題中可讀的直接信息，使其留有充分的思維余地。省略句的命題形式分為語境性省略和選擇性省略。語境性省略句是指采用省略的方式給出選項(xiàng)的語境信息的命題；選擇性省略句主要解決省略句的關(guān)鍵詞、詞組等與信息句的呼應(yīng)問題。省略句的命題用來考察發(fā)散性思維和創(chuàng)造性思維能力。

　　對(duì)策: 增元法, 解省略題命題要順著語境進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的思維發(fā)散，作完型全句的理解。

　　(44) ---How long has this bookshop been in business?

　　---_____ 1982. (NMET 94,24)

　　A. After

　　B. In

　　C. From

　　D. Since

　　(45) I don’t think I’ll need money but I’ll bring some _______. (2000,7)

　　A. at last

　　B. in case

　　C. once again

　　D. in time

　　(46) ---What are you busy doing these days?

　　---_______ the college entrance examinations.

　　A. To make preparations for

　　B. Preparing myself for

　　C. To prepare myself for

　　D. Myself preparing

　　(47) We see him when he comes to town, but ______ isn't often.

　　A. it

　　B. which

　　C. as

　　D. that

　　(48) ---What made you so sad?

　　---______made me upset.

　　A. I lost my wallet

　　B. Because I lost my wallet

　　C. Losing my wallet

　　D. Having lost my wallet

　　利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

　　標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是句子的組成部分之一，它雖然不能創(chuàng)設(shè)語意環(huán)境，卻能創(chuàng)設(shè)語言的結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)屬于學(xué)生容易忽略的內(nèi)容，又容易引起解題錯(cuò)誤。

　　對(duì)策：利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)命題的單選題常常是復(fù)句，做題時(shí)首先要分析選項(xiàng)句子前后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，然后進(jìn)一步分析此句和另一個(gè)句子的關(guān)系。