2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語（安徽版）專題七情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

　　2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語安徽版

　　七、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

　　真題試做

　　1．（2024·課標全國高考）I ______use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.

　　A．couldn't

　　B．mustn't

　　C．shouldn't

　　D．needn't

　　2．（2024·北京高考）Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.

　　A．is

　　B．were

　　C．has been

　　D．had been

　　3．（2024·北京高考）We ______ the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?

　　A．should face

　　B．might face

　　C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced

　　4．（2024·天津高考）It's quite warm here；we ______ turn the heating on yet.

　　A．couldn't

　　B．mustn't

　　C．needn't

　　D．wouldn't

　　5．（2024·天津高考）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home.

　　A．didn't offer

　　B．wouldn't offer

　　C．hasn't offered

　　D．hadn't offered

　　考向分析

　　1．考查情態(tài)動詞的基本意義和用法，特別是can，may，must，need，shall，should，had better，would rather等。要求把握情態(tài)動詞的語法特征和語義特征，區(qū)別意義相近、用法類似的情態(tài)動詞。

　　2．考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測、允諾、請求、判斷的用法，尤其是can，could，may，might，must表示推測的用法。要求準確把握說話者的語氣，深刻體會說話者的情感態(tài)度，結(jié)合情景做出合理選擇。

　　3．考查“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。要求掌握該結(jié)構(gòu)中不同的情態(tài)動詞所表達的特殊意義。

　　4．考查虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法。要求掌握與現(xiàn)在、過去、將來三個不同時間的事實相反的虛擬語氣，以及省略if的虛擬倒裝句。

　　5．考查虛擬語氣在隱含的虛擬條件和錯綜時間條件句中的用法。要求識別由一些介詞或連詞提供的虛擬條件，明確主句和條件狀語從句謂語所發(fā)生的不同時間。

　　6．考查虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法，注意在這些固定句型中謂語所使用的形式。

　　熱點例析

　　考點一：can/could與be able to

　　1．can/could用來表示“一般能力”；be able to有更多種時態(tài)，且用來表示在特定條件下的“具體能力”。如：

　　My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.

　　They will be able to tell you the news soon.

　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

　　2．表示允許可用can或could，與may/might意義接近。could可用于現(xiàn)在時，只是語氣更加委婉、客氣，回答時則一般要用can而不用could。

　　—Could I have the television on?

　　—Yes，you can./ No，you can't.

　　【典例分析】（2024·全國高考）I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money.

　　A．can

　　B．might

　　C．would

　　D．need

　　答案為A項。can意為“能夠”；might意為“可能”；would意為“愿意”；need意為“需要”。句意：如果我能找到那筆錢，我打算和約翰一起去歐洲度假。

　　（2024·陜西高考）I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

　　A．won't

　　B．can't

　　C．can

　　D．will

　　答案為B項。句意：我們不在家期間，你對我兒子的幫助我感激不盡。can not 或can never 與too much 連用表示“再……也不過分”。故選B項。

　　考點二：may與might

　　1．表示允許，意為“可以，許可”，用法基本上同can與could。如：

　　May I use your bicycle?

　　2．表示可能性，意為“也許，可能”。 如：

　　According to the weather forecast，it may rain tomorrow.

　　3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：

　　May good luck be yours!

　　【典例分析】（2024·四川高考）I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao，”just as I______do in China.

　　A．must

　　B．might

　　C．can

　　D．should

　　答案為B項。must意為“必須，偏要”；might意為“可能”；can意為“能夠，可以”；should意為“應(yīng)該”。句意：我走得近些，聽見了他們說漢語。因此我就像在中國可能打招呼的方式一樣，說了聲“你好”。

　　考點三：must與have to

　　1．must用來表示說話人的主觀看法；have to表示客觀的需要，強調(diào)外界壓力，不得已而為之。 如：

　　He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）

　　My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）

　　2．表示“不必”，須用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，絕對不可”。 如：

　　You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告訴他那件事。

　　You mustn't tell him about it.你絕不能告訴他那件事。

　　— Must we do it now？我們必須現(xiàn)在做嗎？

　　— No，you needn't.不，你們不必。

　　【典例分析】（2010·湖南高考）You ______ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.

　　A．must

　　B．mustn't

　　C．have to

　　D．don't have to

　　答案為D項。must和have to都有“必須”之意，但是must表示說話者的主觀看法，have to表示客觀需要。mustn't意為“禁止，不許”；don't have to意為“不需要，不必”。句意：你不需要買禮物，但是你想買的話也可以買。

　　考點四：shall

　　1．用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中，用來征求對方的意見或請求指示。如：

　　What shall he do next？他下一步干什么呢？

　　2．用于第二、第三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允諾、威脅、強制”等意思。如：

　　He shall stay in bed.他必須躺在床上。

　　You shall have it back next week.下周一定還你。

　　He says he won't go，but I say he shall.他說他不去，但我說他必須去。

　　【典例分析】（2024·遼寧高考）One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school.

　　A．might

　　B．could

　　C．shall

　　D．will

　　答案為C項。句意：我們有一項規(guī)定，每位學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。shall可用于第三人稱的陳述句中，表示按照法律、條文、規(guī)定必須要做的事情，含有強制的意味。

　　考點五：will與would

　　1．will 用于各種人稱，表示“意志、意愿”或“決心”等。如：

　　If you will keep your watch half an hour slow，it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.

　　如果你想要讓你的表慢半個小時，你約會時遲到就不足為怪了。

　　2．will表示習(xí)慣性的動作，有“總是，慣于”的含義。如：

　　An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英國人通常是會在街上給你指路的。

　　3．would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。如：

　　On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他總是早起釣魚去。

　　【典例分析】（2024·江蘇高考）Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but ______ say where he was.

　　A．mustn't

　　B．shouldn't

　　C．wouldn't

　　D．mightn't

　　答案為C項。mustn't意為“禁止；絕對不可”；shouldn't意為“不應(yīng)該”；wouldn't意為“不愿意；不想；就是不”；mightn't意為 “可能不；也許不”。句意：幾天后，我弟弟打電話說他很好，但是就是不說他在哪里。

　　考點六：should與ought to

　　1．should表示“建議”或“勸告”，有“應(yīng)該”之意。如：

　　You should learn from each other.

　　2．ought to表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要“應(yīng)當”做某事。如：

　　Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.

　　3．should和ought to也可用來表示推測，意為“想必會……”。如：

　　— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.

　　— They should be ready by 12：00.

　　【典例分析】What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There ______ be twelve.

　　A．should

　　B．would

　　C．will

　　D．shall

　　答案為A項。由前句“你說什么，只有10張票？”可見說話者感到吃驚，由此判斷下句說話的意思是“應(yīng)該”有12張票。should表示“應(yīng)該”，符合句意。

　　考點七：情態(tài)動詞表示推測

　　1．肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），might/could（也許，或許）表示推測。表示對當前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測，用must/may/might/could＋do/be句型；表示對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測，用must/may/might/could＋be doing句型；表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測，用must/may/might/could＋have done/been句型。如：

　　I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.

　　There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.

　　I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.

　　2．否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推測。如：

　　Though he is busy，he can't/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.

　　The room can't have been cleaned by Li Ping，because she left here half a year ago.

　　3．疑問句中常用can/could表示推測。如：

　　— Can he be English?

　　— No.He can't be English.He must be American.

　　The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?

　　【典例分析】（2011·江蘇高考）—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.

　　—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone ______ it.

　　A．will have stolen

　　B．might have stolen

　　C．should have stolen

　　D．must have stolen

　　答案為B項。句意：——我把我的手提包掉在火車上了。但幸運的是，有人撿到后交給了一位鐵路人員。——失而復(fù)得，簡直難以置信！我是說，本來可能有人會偷了去。will have done sth.為將來完成時；might have done sth.意為“有可能做過某事”，表示對過去的推測，語氣較弱；should have done sth.意為“本應(yīng)該做某事（而實際沒做）”；must have done sth.意為“一定做過某事”，表示對過去事情的肯定推測，語氣肯定。根據(jù)語境和語氣判斷應(yīng)選B項，might have stolen表示“有可能偷了去”，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定。

　　考點八：“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1．must have done sth.用來表示對過去的肯定推測。如：

　　Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.

　　2．should/ought to have done sth.表示“（過去）本應(yīng)該做某事（而實際上未做）”，一般含有責備的意味。如：

　　You should have come here a little earlier.

　　3．could have done sth.表示“（過去）本能夠、本可以做某事（而實際上未做）”，一般也含有責備意味。如：

　　Given more time，he could have done it better.

　　4．need not have done sth.表示“（過去）本不必、無需做某事（而已做）”。如：

　　You needn't have come last night.

　　【典例分析】（2011·全國高考）They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

　　A．will

　　B．can

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案為D項。should have done sth.意為“本該做某事（但實際上未做）”，符合句意。句意：他們本該在午飯的時候到達，但是他們的航班延誤了。A項為將來完成時；B項的can不能用于肯定句中的推測；C項構(gòu)成must have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一定做過某事”。

　　（2024·江西高考）We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.

　　A．may not

　　B．needn't

　　C．can't

　　D．mustn't

　　答案為B項。句意：既然蘇西不與我們一起吃晚飯，我們原本不必買那么多食物。needn't have done表示原本不必要做某事，但事實上已經(jīng)做了。

　　考點九：虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的用法

　　虛擬情況 從句謂語 主句謂語 例句

　　與現(xiàn)在事

　　實相反 過去式

　　（be用were） would/should/could/might do If he were here，he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in his place？

　　與過去事

　　實相反 had done would/should/could/might have done If I had started a little earlier，I would have caught the train.

　　I could have done it better if I had been more careful.

　　與將來事

　　實相反 過去式/

　　were to do/

　　should do would/should/could/might do If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.

　　I would certainly go if I had time.

　　1．在具體運用中，條件從句中有時可省略if而采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　Had it not been for your help，we wouldn't have achieved so much.

　　2．介詞without/but for、連詞but、副詞otherwise常用來表示某種假設(shè)條件。如：

　　I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.

　　3．有時候從句動作和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)各自的時間來調(diào)整。如：

　　If the weather had been more favourable，the crops would be growing still better.

　　【典例分析】（2024·湖南高考）Sorry，I am too busy now.If I ______ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A．have had

　　B．had had

　　C．have

　　D．had

　　答案為D項。句意：很抱歉，我現(xiàn)在很忙。要是我有時間，一定會與你去遠足的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，條件句中謂語動詞要用過去時。

　　（2024·安徽高考）Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

　　A．lives

　　B．would live

　　C．has lived

　　D．were to live

　　答案為D項。句意：格雷斯不想搬到紐約去，因為她認為如果她住在那兒的話，就不能經(jīng)常見到父母了。由句意可知，這是對將來事情的虛擬，所以條件句中可以用過去式，were to do或should do的形式。

　　考點十：虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的用法