2024年高考總復習優(yōu)化英語課件（四川專用）寫作教程：Module8

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　　寫作教程 Module 8　Summaries 選修

　　寫作教程 小資料 總結或概要是對一本書、報告或報紙文章等內容的簡短敘述，通常省去不必要的或多余的信息，而僅告知我們最重要的信息。因為總結所需要的技能能夠把我們的思想準確而簡潔地表達出來，我們常常會寫測試或考試總結。總結可以讓讀它的人在最短的時間內掌握文章或一本書的主要內容，所以總結或概要在我們的生活中是用的非常多的一種應用文形式。 WRITING CONVENTIONS·寫作模式

　　My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special.He never criticized, but used to praise out our best. He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish.If you don’t give them water, 例 they die.” I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return.I’ve tried to follow this principle in running my company.Dad’s also always been very understanding. At 15, I started a magazine.It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind, he said “Richard, when I was 23,

　　my dad persuaded me to go into law.And I’ve always regretted it.I wanted to be an archeologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.” As it turned out, little publication went to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U．K..My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad raised me. 用自己的話把主題和主要情節(jié)組織成摘要. ?寫作模板 The passage tells us that the author’s father has a special way of teaching his children.He always praises them for their progress and explained to them what is good and encouraged them to be persistent.Because of this, the author became successful. ?名師指津 1.常用詞匯: tell, describe, draw a conclusion, see,arouse our thinking, at last, finally, in the end, after many adventures, eventually... 2.句型歸納: 1)The passage tells us (a story) that... 2)We can draw a conclusion from the passage that... 3)After many adventures, the two boys returned to their home successfully. ?文體講解 Summary基本格式 1.對于“故事型”的summary,只需把故事的核心主人公(核心主人公做過的最核心的事件與該故事的作者想要說明的道理包括在summary其中就可以了).換言之, “故事型”的summary必須具備三個要素,即:主人公,核心事件,故事的教訓. 2.對于另一類題材——議論文的summary,此類summary的寫法與“故事型”的summary有所不同.議論文的summary中必須具備三要素,分別是“論題”(如 “Should troublesome students be suspended”)、“論點,一般議論文至少有雙方論點,甚至是多方論點” (如The headmaster believes that suspending troublesome students is beneficial for school and other students)與“持這種論點的論據(jù)”.若議論文的summary中不具備“論題”、“論點”與“論據(jù)”這三要素,則被認為不完整. LANGUAGE FUNCTION·語言功能 1.通常 summary 的開頭都有一些常用的句子,學生可以在平時的訓練中學習使用.如:From the passage above, we know...The passage is mainly about...After reading the passage, I/we know...The author told us...但這些開頭也只限于要求以讀者的身份來概括時使用.如果要求作者以當事人的身份來概括,那用上面這些表達則是不正確的.所以我們要審清題目,隨機應變. 2.用最簡練的文字把文章的主要內容概括出即可,無須把一些細節(jié),瑣碎的內容加上,如描述、舉例、一些具體事實等. 3.避免重復.在原文中,為了強調某個主題,可能會重復論證說明.但是這在摘要中是不能使用的.應該刪除那些突出強調的重復句. 4.壓縮長的句子. 如下面兩例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為:“He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.” (1)使用詞組代替整句或者從句. 如:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括為:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

　　(2)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞. 如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.” 可以概括為:“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.” (3)使用最短的連接詞. 如:可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though;不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞.通常,使用分號就能夠達成使用連接詞的效果. 5.不要加入自己的個人觀點.如要求以讀者的身份來概括,用第三人稱來寫,莫把作者的觀點寫成自己的觀點.如要求以當事人的身份來寫,則用第一人稱. MODULE TASKS·模塊任務 為下面的文章寫個summary American is the land of automobile.This country has only 6% of the world’s population but 46% of the world’s car.Right now, there are 97 million privately-owned cars consuming 75 billion gallons of gasoline and traveling an 1,000 billion miles a year. The figure also affirms something we know every time we refill our gasoline tank; the automobile is a very thirsty piece of technology.Of the total petroleum supply in the United States, 30 percent goes to quench that thirst.Every year for each passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed.Other aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning here. It takes a great deal of energy to manufacture one automobile about 150 million BTU’s of energy.This is equivalent to 1,200 gallons of gasoline, enough to run a car for about 1,600 miles.We expend energy in the process of shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale and making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two gallons of gasoline are consumed in the process of making every ten gallons that are pumped into an automobile’s gas tank. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ One possible version: Summary: From the passage we learn that the USA has a large number of cars and each year a great deal of energy is consumed.The energy is used not only when driving cars but also when producing them.

　　選修

　　寫作教程 Module 8　Summaries 選修

　　寫作教程 小資料 總結或概要是對一本書、報告或報紙文章等內容的簡短敘述，通常省去不必要的或多余的信息，而僅告知我們最重要的信息。因為總結所需要的技能能夠把我們的思想準確而簡潔地表達出來，我們常常會寫測試或考試總結。總結可以讓讀它的人在最短的時間內掌握文章或一本書的主要內容，所以總結或概要在我們的生活中是用的非常多的一種應用文形式。 WRITING CONVENTIONS·寫作模式

　　My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special.He never criticized, but used to praise out our best. He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish.If you don’t give them water, 例 they die.” I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return.I’ve tried to follow this principle in running my company.Dad’s also always been very understanding. At 15, I started a magazine.It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind, he said “Richard, when I was 23,

　　my dad persuaded me to go into law.And I’ve always regretted it.I wanted to be an archeologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.” As it turned out, little publication went to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U．K..My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad raised me. 用自己的話把主題和主要情節(jié)組織成摘要. ?寫作模板 The passage tells us that the author’s father has a special way of teaching his children.He always praises them for their progress and explained to them what is good and encouraged them to be persistent.Because of this, the author became successful. ?名師指津 1.常用詞匯: tell, describe, draw a conclusion, see,arouse our thinking, at last, finally, in the end, after many adventures, eventually... 2.句型歸納: 1)The passage tells us (a story) that... 2)We can draw a conclusion from the passage that... 3)After many adventures, the two boys returned to their home successfully. ?文體講解 Summary基本格式 1.對于“故事型”的summary,只需把故事的核心主人公(核心主人公做過的最核心的事件與該故事的作者想要說明的道理包括在summary其中就可以了).換言之, “故事型”的summary必須具備三個要素,即:主人公,核心事件,故事的教訓. 2.對于另一類題材——議論文的summary,此類summary的寫法與“故事型”的summary有所不同.議論文的summary中必須具備三要素,分別是“論題”(如 “Should troublesome students be suspended”)、“論點,一般議論文至少有雙方論點,甚至是多方論點” (如The headmaster believes that suspending troublesome students is beneficial for school and other students)與“持這種論點的論據(jù)”.若議論文的summary中不具備“論題”、“論點”與“論據(jù)”這三要素,則被認為不完整. LANGUAGE FUNCTION·語言功能 1.通常 summary 的開頭都有一些常用的句子,學生可以在平時的訓練中學習使用.如:From the passage above, we know...The passage is mainly about...After reading the passage, I/we know...The author told us...但這些開頭也只限于要求以讀者的身份來概括時使用.如果要求作者以當事人的身份來概括,那用上面這些表達則是不正確的.所以我們要審清題目,隨機應變. 2.用最簡練的文字把文章的主要內容概括出即可,無須把一些細節(jié),瑣碎的內容加上,如描述、舉例、一些具體事實等. 3.避免重復.在原文中,為了強調某個主題,可能會重復論證說明.但是這在摘要中是不能使用的.應該刪除那些突出強調的重復句. 4.壓縮長的句子. 如下面兩例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為:“He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.” (1)使用詞組代替整句或者從句. 如:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括為:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

　　(2)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞. 如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.” 可以概括為:“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.” (3)使用最短的連接詞. 如:可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though;不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞.通常,使用分號就能夠達成使用連接詞的效果. 5.不要加入自己的個人觀點.如要求以讀者的身份來概括,用第三人稱來寫,莫把作者的觀點寫成自己的觀點.如要求以當事人的身份來寫,則用第一人稱. MODULE TASKS·模塊任務 為下面的文章寫個summary American is the land of automobile.This country has only 6% of the world’s population but 46% of the world’s car.Right now, there are 97 million privately-owned cars consuming 75 billion gallons of gasoline and traveling an 1,000 billion miles a year. The figure also affirms something we know every time we refill our gasoline tank; the automobile is a very thirsty piece of technology.Of the total petroleum supply in the United States, 30 percent goes to quench that thirst.Every year for each passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed.Other aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning here. It takes a great deal of energy to manufacture one automobile about 150 million BTU’s of energy.This is equivalent to 1,200 gallons of gasoline, enough to run a car for about 1,600 miles.We expend energy in the process of shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale and making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two gallons of gasoline are consumed in the process of making every ten gallons that are pumped into an automobile’s gas tank. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ One possible version: Summary: From the passage we learn that the USA has a large number of cars and each year a great deal of energy is consumed.The energy is used not only when driving cars but also when producing them.