【三維設(shè)計(jì)】2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)（通用版）練習(xí)：第2板塊題型3 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題專練（1）（含解析）
閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題專練(一)
(題干加黑的為詞義猜測(cè)題)
A
(2024·湖南省十三校高三聯(lián)考) As a star computer scientist, Cristina Fonseca had lots of job offers, but she turned them all down. She decided to start her own business Talkdesk. She lives in Portugal but does business all over the globe by using software.
The global economy works well for such people.
But the world of work has been less kind to other young folks. Florence Moreau, a young architect in Paris, had the double misfortune to leave university in 2009, when the world economy was on its knees; and to be French. “I really need a full-time, permanent job，” she says. Under France's 3,800-page labour code, workers on permanent contracts
receive generous benefits and are extremely hard to get rid of. So French firms have all but stopped hiring permanent staff: Four-fifths of new employees are on short-term contracts. Ms Moreau has had eight jobs, none lasting for longer than 16 months. With a small child at home, she has to keep looking for the next one. “It's tiring，” she sighs.
Joblessness matters. The longer people are out of work, the more their skills and their self-confidence atrophy,_the less appealing they look to potential employers and the more likely they are to give up.
Trade unions often favour a minimum wage. This can help those who already have jobs, but if it is set too high it can crowd out those with the fewest skills and the least experience, who tend to be young.
A labour system where companies can hire and fire easily is urgently needed.
Making it easier for young people to start their own business is essential, too. They may be full of energy and open to new ideas.
Also, there is a huge mismatch everywhere between the skills that many young people can offer and the ones that employers need. Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk. As economies grow more complex, demand for practical skills will keep rising. The world's schools are not even close to meeting it.
1．What can we learn about Cristina Fonseca?
A．She does business only in Portugal.
B．When seeking a job, she was refused many times by employers.
C．Her company is not related to information technology.
D．She can't find the talents she wants.
2．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Increase.B．Shrink.
C．Overcome.
D．Survive.
3．Why can't Moreau find a permanent job?
A．Employers don't want to give workers good welfare.
B．She didn't finish university studies.
C．The world economy is booming.
D．The French government hasn't taken any measures for unemployment.
4．Which measure is actually useless for unemployment?
A．Making labour rules more flexible.
B．Training students to gain skills.
C．Raising the minimum wage.
D．Encouraging young people to start companies.
B
(2024·河南省豫東、豫北十所名校階段性測(cè)試五)
I
believe in taking action to solve problems around me. Passively accepting the status quo (現(xiàn)狀) is something that doesn't even cross my mind.
My mother wrote poetry, books, and letters to the editor to try to change the world — some were published; others remained manuscripts that she worked and reworked with comments from authors she respected. She did not sit still.
When, at ninety-three, illness left her only a short time to live, she told me that she had submitted her recent book of poetry to a publisher but hadn't received a response from them. So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money. As my mother's health was slipping quickly, there wasn't time to find a different publisher. After a few weeks of feeling helpless, I began to look for another solution.
Luckily, I found a printer, who was touched by my mother's story and quickly moved into action with me. We worked together to complete the book just a few days before I left to see my mother for the last time. I handed it to her gift-wrapped. Her pain medication made it hard for her to see and think clearly, and she struggled to read the title of the book I had given her. When she finally recognized her title, her face softened into a smile. “You remembered，”
she said and then passed away with no regret. And then I knew — she had expected all along that I wouldn't sit_on_my_hands when in trouble and take action actively.
Not finding a solution wasn't an option. And this has guided me through so much of my life. I live in the world of education and opportunity. This is a daily challenge. When faced with a problem, I can't simply shrug my shoulders and say, “I don't know.”
While I can't change the world alone, I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.
5．Why did the author's mother receive no response after submitting her recent poetry?
A．The readers didn't like her works.
B．She was not a well-known writer.
C．The publisher went out of business.
D．Her illness shocked the publisher.
6．How did the author's mother react when seeing her book published?
A．She passed away without any regret.
B．She decided to write more works.
C．She recovered from her illness.
D．She was too ill to say anything.
7．What does the underlined part
“sit on my hands”
in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Work up.
B．Keep calm.
C．Feel depressed.
D．Do nothing.
8．What did the author learn from her mother?
A．It's never too late to write.
B．Action speaks louder than words.
C．One good turn deserves another.
$來(lái)&源：D．Two heads are better than one.
C
(2024·石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班模擬考試)
For visitors, Teller Lake in Colorado looks like a fishbowl filled with thousands of gorgeous goldfish. However, to the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department they are a group of dangerous species that could end up destroying the lake's ecosystem.
The problem is that these fish aren't native to the lake, which means they have no predators (捕食者). This allows them to multiply in large numbers. Park officials believe that most of them are a result of a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake.
While that may appear to be a kind thing to do, it is extremely dangerous, not to mention illegal. That's because as this non-native species grow in numbers, they compete with the existing fish for food sources like small insects.Given that there is only a limited supply of resources, this could result in the goldfish overpowering the native fish species. In the case of Teller Lake, the officials are particularly worried that the goldfish will move downstream and affect the population of some of the endangered native species that live there. Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.
The Colorado Parks and Wildlife biologists, therefore, have no option but to remove the fish from the lake in the most efficient manner. The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.
Experts say that most owners believe they are doing the “right thing” by returning their pet to the wilderness. However, saving one pet often results in destroying the area's ecosystem and hurting other animals. According to experts, the best way to dispose_of unwanted fish or any other animal is to get advice from the people that sold the pet.
9．Why did the dangerous goldfish appear in Teller Lake?
A．They were born into the lake.
B．They were thrown by Park officials.
C．They were abandoned by their owners.
D．They were brought in by some biologists.
10．How is the lake's ecosystem likely to be influenced by the goldfish?
$來(lái)&源：A．Native fish may be eaten by them.
B．New diseases may be brought in.
C．The lake water may be polluted.
D．Food sources may be increased.
11．What will happen to the goldfish after
they're caught?
A．They'll be killed at once.
B．They'll become food for birds.
C．They'll be set free downstream.
D．They'll be raised in the fishbowl.
12．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Attend to.
B．Take over.
C．Get rid of.
D．Hold on to.
詞義猜測(cè)題專練(一)
A
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了目前嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)及其原因。
1．選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk.”可知，F(xiàn)onseca女士沒(méi)能找到她想要的人才。故答案選D。
2．選B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人們失業(yè)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，他們的技能和自信就會(huì)越萎縮，對(duì)潛在的雇主就越?jīng)]有吸引力，更有可能放棄。由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞“atrophy”應(yīng)與“shrink”意思相近，意為“萎縮”。故答案選B。
3．選A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Under France's 3,800-page labour code ...are on short-term contracts.”可推知，Moreau找不到永久工作的原因是雇主不想給工人好的福利。故答案選A。
4．選C 推理判斷題。該題提問(wèn)的是哪種措施對(duì)失業(yè)無(wú)用。根據(jù)文章最后四段可推知，提高最低工資對(duì)解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題是無(wú)用的。故答案選C。
B
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者的母親喜歡寫(xiě)作，并發(fā)表了一些作品。在作者的母親病危之際，她的一本詩(shī)集還未得到出版商的回復(fù)。作者為幫母親完成愿望，想辦法給母親出版了那本詩(shī)集，并從中學(xué)到：不要被動(dòng)地接受現(xiàn)狀，而是要積極采取行動(dòng)。
5．選C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money.”可知，作者的母親沒(méi)有收到回復(fù)是因?yàn)槌霭嫔唐飘a(chǎn)了。故選C。
6．選A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“When she finally recognized
... with no regret.”可知，作者的母親看到自己的書(shū)出版后，毫無(wú)遺憾地離開(kāi)了人世。故選A。
7．選D 詞義猜測(cè)題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)與“take action actively”意思相反，所以畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)應(yīng)與“do nothing”意思相近，意為“什么都不做”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
8．選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“...I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.”可知，作者從母親身上學(xué)到：遇到困難時(shí)，不要說(shuō)我沒(méi)有辦法，而是要積極采取行動(dòng)去解決問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)意為“寫(xiě)作永不嫌晚”；B項(xiàng)意為“行勝于言”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮尚往來(lái)”；D項(xiàng)意為“三個(gè)臭皮匠頂個(gè)諸葛亮”。故選B。
C
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。由于人們將寵物金魚(yú)放生到科羅拉多州的特勒湖里，從而使湖水中原有物種受到威脅，破壞了其生態(tài)平衡。
9．選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Park officials believe
...were thrown into the lake.”可知，導(dǎo)致特勒湖出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)金魚(yú)的原因是寵物金魚(yú)被主人遺棄并扔進(jìn)了湖里。故選C。
10．選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.”可知，金魚(yú)可能會(huì)攜帶新的疾病，從而對(duì)湖里的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成影響。故選B。
11．選B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.”可知，人們將金魚(yú)從湖里捕捉出來(lái)后會(huì)將其喂給一些受傷的鳥(niǎo)，即它們會(huì)成為鳥(niǎo)類的食物。故選B。
12．選C 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake”并結(jié)合全文可知，特勒湖的生態(tài)平衡因人們隨意向其投放不要的寵物金魚(yú)而遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，威脅著湖水中原有物種；畫(huà)線詞后的“unwanted”與第二段中的“unwanted”相呼應(yīng)。由此可推知，dispose of應(yīng)與“thrown”同義。C項(xiàng)意為“消除，擺脫”，與其意思最接近；A項(xiàng)意為“注意，專心”；B項(xiàng)意為“接手，接管”；D項(xiàng)意為“抓緊”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C。
閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題專練(一)
(題干加黑的為詞義猜測(cè)題)
A
(2024·湖南省十三校高三聯(lián)考) As a star computer scientist, Cristina Fonseca had lots of job offers, but she turned them all down. She decided to start her own business Talkdesk. She lives in Portugal but does business all over the globe by using software.
The global economy works well for such people.
But the world of work has been less kind to other young folks. Florence Moreau, a young architect in Paris, had the double misfortune to leave university in 2009, when the world economy was on its knees; and to be French. “I really need a full-time, permanent job，” she says. Under France's 3,800-page labour code, workers on permanent contracts
receive generous benefits and are extremely hard to get rid of. So French firms have all but stopped hiring permanent staff: Four-fifths of new employees are on short-term contracts. Ms Moreau has had eight jobs, none lasting for longer than 16 months. With a small child at home, she has to keep looking for the next one. “It's tiring，” she sighs.
Joblessness matters. The longer people are out of work, the more their skills and their self-confidence atrophy,_the less appealing they look to potential employers and the more likely they are to give up.
Trade unions often favour a minimum wage. This can help those who already have jobs, but if it is set too high it can crowd out those with the fewest skills and the least experience, who tend to be young.
A labour system where companies can hire and fire easily is urgently needed.
Making it easier for young people to start their own business is essential, too. They may be full of energy and open to new ideas.
Also, there is a huge mismatch everywhere between the skills that many young people can offer and the ones that employers need. Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk. As economies grow more complex, demand for practical skills will keep rising. The world's schools are not even close to meeting it.
1．What can we learn about Cristina Fonseca?
A．She does business only in Portugal.
B．When seeking a job, she was refused many times by employers.
C．Her company is not related to information technology.
D．She can't find the talents she wants.
2．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Increase.B．Shrink.
C．Overcome.
D．Survive.
3．Why can't Moreau find a permanent job?
A．Employers don't want to give workers good welfare.
B．She didn't finish university studies.
C．The world economy is booming.
D．The French government hasn't taken any measures for unemployment.
4．Which measure is actually useless for unemployment?
A．Making labour rules more flexible.
B．Training students to gain skills.
C．Raising the minimum wage.
D．Encouraging young people to start companies.
B
(2024·河南省豫東、豫北十所名校階段性測(cè)試五)
I
believe in taking action to solve problems around me. Passively accepting the status quo (現(xiàn)狀) is something that doesn't even cross my mind.
My mother wrote poetry, books, and letters to the editor to try to change the world — some were published; others remained manuscripts that she worked and reworked with comments from authors she respected. She did not sit still.
When, at ninety-three, illness left her only a short time to live, she told me that she had submitted her recent book of poetry to a publisher but hadn't received a response from them. So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money. As my mother's health was slipping quickly, there wasn't time to find a different publisher. After a few weeks of feeling helpless, I began to look for another solution.
Luckily, I found a printer, who was touched by my mother's story and quickly moved into action with me. We worked together to complete the book just a few days before I left to see my mother for the last time. I handed it to her gift-wrapped. Her pain medication made it hard for her to see and think clearly, and she struggled to read the title of the book I had given her. When she finally recognized her title, her face softened into a smile. “You remembered，”
she said and then passed away with no regret. And then I knew — she had expected all along that I wouldn't sit_on_my_hands when in trouble and take action actively.
Not finding a solution wasn't an option. And this has guided me through so much of my life. I live in the world of education and opportunity. This is a daily challenge. When faced with a problem, I can't simply shrug my shoulders and say, “I don't know.”
While I can't change the world alone, I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.
5．Why did the author's mother receive no response after submitting her recent poetry?
A．The readers didn't like her works.
B．She was not a well-known writer.
C．The publisher went out of business.
D．Her illness shocked the publisher.
6．How did the author's mother react when seeing her book published?
A．She passed away without any regret.
B．She decided to write more works.
C．She recovered from her illness.
D．She was too ill to say anything.
7．What does the underlined part
“sit on my hands”
in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Work up.
B．Keep calm.
C．Feel depressed.
D．Do nothing.
8．What did the author learn from her mother?
A．It's never too late to write.
B．Action speaks louder than words.
C．One good turn deserves another.
$來(lái)&源：D．Two heads are better than one.
C
(2024·石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班模擬考試)
For visitors, Teller Lake in Colorado looks like a fishbowl filled with thousands of gorgeous goldfish. However, to the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department they are a group of dangerous species that could end up destroying the lake's ecosystem.
The problem is that these fish aren't native to the lake, which means they have no predators (捕食者). This allows them to multiply in large numbers. Park officials believe that most of them are a result of a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake.
While that may appear to be a kind thing to do, it is extremely dangerous, not to mention illegal. That's because as this non-native species grow in numbers, they compete with the existing fish for food sources like small insects.Given that there is only a limited supply of resources, this could result in the goldfish overpowering the native fish species. In the case of Teller Lake, the officials are particularly worried that the goldfish will move downstream and affect the population of some of the endangered native species that live there. Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.
The Colorado Parks and Wildlife biologists, therefore, have no option but to remove the fish from the lake in the most efficient manner. The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.
Experts say that most owners believe they are doing the “right thing” by returning their pet to the wilderness. However, saving one pet often results in destroying the area's ecosystem and hurting other animals. According to experts, the best way to dispose_of unwanted fish or any other animal is to get advice from the people that sold the pet.
9．Why did the dangerous goldfish appear in Teller Lake?
A．They were born into the lake.
B．They were thrown by Park officials.
C．They were abandoned by their owners.
D．They were brought in by some biologists.
10．How is the lake's ecosystem likely to be influenced by the goldfish?
$來(lái)&源：A．Native fish may be eaten by them.
B．New diseases may be brought in.
C．The lake water may be polluted.
D．Food sources may be increased.
11．What will happen to the goldfish after
they're caught?
A．They'll be killed at once.
B．They'll become food for birds.
C．They'll be set free downstream.
D．They'll be raised in the fishbowl.
12．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Attend to.
B．Take over.
C．Get rid of.
D．Hold on to.
詞義猜測(cè)題專練(一)
A
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了目前嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)及其原因。
1．選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk.”可知，F(xiàn)onseca女士沒(méi)能找到她想要的人才。故答案選D。
2．選B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人們失業(yè)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，他們的技能和自信就會(huì)越萎縮，對(duì)潛在的雇主就越?jīng)]有吸引力，更有可能放棄。由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞“atrophy”應(yīng)與“shrink”意思相近，意為“萎縮”。故答案選B。
3．選A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Under France's 3,800-page labour code ...are on short-term contracts.”可推知，Moreau找不到永久工作的原因是雇主不想給工人好的福利。故答案選A。
4．選C 推理判斷題。該題提問(wèn)的是哪種措施對(duì)失業(yè)無(wú)用。根據(jù)文章最后四段可推知，提高最低工資對(duì)解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題是無(wú)用的。故答案選C。
B
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者的母親喜歡寫(xiě)作，并發(fā)表了一些作品。在作者的母親病危之際，她的一本詩(shī)集還未得到出版商的回復(fù)。作者為幫母親完成愿望，想辦法給母親出版了那本詩(shī)集，并從中學(xué)到：不要被動(dòng)地接受現(xiàn)狀，而是要積極采取行動(dòng)。
5．選C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money.”可知，作者的母親沒(méi)有收到回復(fù)是因?yàn)槌霭嫔唐飘a(chǎn)了。故選C。
6．選A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“When she finally recognized
... with no regret.”可知，作者的母親看到自己的書(shū)出版后，毫無(wú)遺憾地離開(kāi)了人世。故選A。
7．選D 詞義猜測(cè)題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)與“take action actively”意思相反，所以畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)應(yīng)與“do nothing”意思相近，意為“什么都不做”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
8．選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“...I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.”可知，作者從母親身上學(xué)到：遇到困難時(shí)，不要說(shuō)我沒(méi)有辦法，而是要積極采取行動(dòng)去解決問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)意為“寫(xiě)作永不嫌晚”；B項(xiàng)意為“行勝于言”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮尚往來(lái)”；D項(xiàng)意為“三個(gè)臭皮匠頂個(gè)諸葛亮”。故選B。
C
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。由于人們將寵物金魚(yú)放生到科羅拉多州的特勒湖里，從而使湖水中原有物種受到威脅，破壞了其生態(tài)平衡。
9．選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Park officials believe
...were thrown into the lake.”可知，導(dǎo)致特勒湖出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)金魚(yú)的原因是寵物金魚(yú)被主人遺棄并扔進(jìn)了湖里。故選C。
10．選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.”可知，金魚(yú)可能會(huì)攜帶新的疾病，從而對(duì)湖里的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成影響。故選B。
11．選B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.”可知，人們將金魚(yú)從湖里捕捉出來(lái)后會(huì)將其喂給一些受傷的鳥(niǎo)，即它們會(huì)成為鳥(niǎo)類的食物。故選B。
12．選C 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake”并結(jié)合全文可知，特勒湖的生態(tài)平衡因人們隨意向其投放不要的寵物金魚(yú)而遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，威脅著湖水中原有物種；畫(huà)線詞后的“unwanted”與第二段中的“unwanted”相呼應(yīng)。由此可推知，dispose of應(yīng)與“thrown”同義。C項(xiàng)意為“消除，擺脫”，與其意思最接近；A項(xiàng)意為“注意，專心”；B項(xiàng)意為“接手，接管”；D項(xiàng)意為“抓緊”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C。
