【三維設計】2024屆高考英語二輪復習(通用版)練習:第3板塊題型5 完形填空 教師用書(含解析)
注:句內層次題:空格的答案由空格所在句子決定。句組層次題:空格的答案由與空格相距不遠的一組句子決定。語篇層次題:空格的答案由整篇文章的內涵決定。
[命題者說]
研究近3年的全國卷完形填空試題,可以發現完形填空的設題方式大致可分為句內層次、句組層次及語篇層次三種題型。在難易程度上,句內層次題和句組層次題較容易,考生只需要結合語境理解空格所在句或相鄰的幾句就可以確定答案,對于考生來說相對比較容易得分。且句內層次、句組層次題考查最多,能保障考生取得基本分數,但高考是選拔性的考試,每篇完形填空總會有2~3個比較難的語篇層次題成為考生取得高分的攔路虎,對于此類填空,往往需要考生跨越段落,從全文的脈絡、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理等角度進行推理、判斷,才能做出正確的選擇。本專題將設兩課對這三種題型進行分別指導。
一、基礎保分課 ——巧用7大方法力保句內、句組層次題不失分
對應學生用書P66
一 5大方法速判句內層次題
解題信息分布在本句內,在讀懂文意的前提下,利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對于此類題目,可邊讀邊填,將原文信息盡量復原。
1.利用習慣搭配及固定結構解題
完形填空中經常會考查一些固定結構、固定句式,這時考生就需要運用習慣搭配及固定結構來解題。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅰ) The man who had his bright lights on 48.came_over and told Larry he had
__49__
an emergency call.
49.A.returned B.received
C.made
D.confirmed
分析:選C 本題可以利用固定結構解題。make a call為固定搭配,意為“打電話”。make an emergency call意為“打急救電話”。
2.利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識。考生在做題時,若能積極地調動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識,巧妙地加以運用,特別是注意中西文化的差異,將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程,節省寶貴的時間,順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man __56__ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or 58.free to go. They let him and the other man go.
56.A.stepped forward
B.backed off
C.moved on
D.set out
57.A.woman
B.police
C.man
D.driver
分析:56.選B 57.選B 這兩個題可以利用生活常識和文化背景解題。根據生活常識,當急救人員來的時候,其他臨時施救的非專業人員當然要“后退”(back off)。然后,Larry問“是否他還有需要”,問的對象肯定是這些急救人員了,觀察四個選項只有police符合常識。
3.利用對應成分分析法解題
完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關系,它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應關系。考生可以根據這種邏輯關系找出與未知填空相對應的已知成分,將它作為線索,通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。
[典例] (2024·安徽高考)To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51.A.show
B.record
C.decrease
D.measure
分析:選C 本題可以利用對應成分分析法解題。
To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the
動詞并列連詞動詞對應關系
52.environment,_more governments ...
從上述分析可以看出,第51題與protect形成對應關系。因為前面有and這一并列連詞,并且and前后意思應該一致,我們可以很輕松地選出正確答案C項(decrease“減少”)。
4.利用邏輯關系解題
此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關系來確定答案,主要應用于完形填空的兩類題型:一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語,二是考查上下文的邏輯關系。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅲ) We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, __48__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 49.accident.
48.A.and
B.then
C.but
D.thus
分析:選C 本題考查連詞。連詞的作用就是將其前后文的已知信息銜接起來,因此可以利用邏輯關系來解題,即通過分析該未知填空前后文的已知信息的邏輯關系來確定本題應該填入表達何種邏輯關系的短語。We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player.
(我們10∶1贏得了比賽,并且我被評為最有價值的球員。)__48__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 49.accident.
(我經常做瘋狂的夢,在夢中我應該為Miller的車禍負責。)
通過上述分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明顯的轉折關系,因此答案是but。and表示并列關系;then表示順承關系;thus表示因果關系。
5.利用語境暗示分析法解題
上下文語境具體體現為:全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內層次中,我們通常可以通過上下文語境,即根據已知信息,推導出正確答案。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅱ) She gave me a __33__ smile, nodded while listening patiently,and then printed out the 34.ticket immediately.
33.A.shy
B.comforting
C.familiar
D.forced
分析:選B 本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據下文“nodded while listening patiently ...immediately” 可知“她”的舉止對我是非常友好、善意的,因此,我們可以快速從四個選項中選出comforting, comforting smile“讓人感到安慰的笑容”。
4大方法智取句組層次題
比句內層次題稍難一級的題目,其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中,解題時需前瞻后顧,綜合意群信息解答。即:本句信息不足填,空格前后再找信息源。
1.利用語義復現解題
復現是一種語義銜接手段,它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現來表達某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫,有機地銜接在一起。因此,考生可根據文章的具體情況,理解文章的結構和語境,利用文章中的復現現象來選擇正確的答案。
[典例1] (2024·四川高考) Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. 44.Even the youngest children in the class were __45__ by the story.
45.A.surprised
B.annoyed
C.puzzled
D.attracted
分析:選D 本題可以利用語義復現解題。本題為近義詞復現。上文中的loved是45題的近義復現,故選D項。
[典例2] (2024·陜西高考) Dad had a green comb.He bought it when he married Mum.Every night, he would hand me his __26__ and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?”
26.A.bag
B.wallet
C.comb
D.brush
分析:選C 本題可以利用語義復現解題。本題為原詞復現。26空是上文“Dad had a green comb.”中comb的原詞復現,故選C項。
2.利用作者態度或感情色彩關聯解題
在高考完形填空文章中,我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中,仔細找出能夠反映作者態度和感情色彩的重要詞匯,它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索,可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。
[典例] (2024·四川高考) Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. 44.Even the youngest children in the class were 45.attracted by the story. They 46.listened with great interest, and then __47__
joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures.
47.A.suspectedly
B.anxiously
C.calmly
D.enthusiastically
分析:選D 本題可以利用作者態度或感情色彩關聯解題。根據前文中的動詞loved,were attracted以及介詞短語with great interest的提示可知,47題的感情色彩是積極向上的,所以47題選擇D項(熱情地)。
3.利用邏輯關系解題
在句組層次題中,利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (裝置) on your desk. And they've never actually 41.met you. Everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away. __43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice. That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43.A.Thus
B.Yet
C.Then
D.Indeed
分析:選B 本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關系的題目,可以利用邏輯關系解題。Everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.
(他們對你的了解全部通過這臺裝置,有時來自數百英里遠的地方。)轉折_43__ they feel they
can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.
(他們覺得只需要聽到你的聲音就能了解你。)_
通過上述對本空前后文已知信息的分析,能夠發現上下文是明顯的轉折關系,因此答案可以確定為選項B.Yet。thus“因此”,then“隨后”,indeed“的確,確實”。
4.利用語境暗示分析法解題
在句組層次中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文語境,即根據已知信息,推導出正確答案。
[典例] (2024·全國卷Ⅰ)43.As he got closer, he found 44.another vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed __45__ shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47.got_hold_of the fire extinguisher (滅火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
45.A.flames
B.smoke
C.water
D.steam
分析:選A 本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。上文中提到Larry發現另一輛車翻倒在地,從而再仔細看,根據下文他“got hold of the fire extinguisher”,“Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out”等這些語境暗示可知,他仔細看后,注意到(noticed)從車下面冒出的應該是火焰(flame)。
[課堂鞏固訓練]
A
(2024·陜西咸陽三模)On the first day of school our teacher introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know. I stood up to look around 1.when
a gentle hand touched my shoulder.
I turned 2.around
to find a little old lady with a __3__ smile. She said,“Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old.”“Why are you in __4__ at such a YOUNG age?”I asked. She replied,“I always __5__ of having college education and now I'm getting one!”she told me. After class we became instant friends. I was __6__ about what might have __7__ her to be taking on this challenge at her age.
3.A.falseB.cold
C.frozen
D.warm
解析:選D 根據上下文及后面的smile可推知老太太的微笑是溫暖的(warm)。false“假的”;cold“冰冷的”;frozen“冷凍的”。
4.A.class
B.school
C.university
D.kindergarten
解析:選C 根據下句中的“having college education”可知老太太是來上大學(university)。
5.A.dreamed
B.spoke
C.heard
D.complained
解析:選A dream of doing sth.“夢想做某事”。speak of“說明”;hear of“聽說”;complain“抱怨”。
6.A.frightened
B.embarrassed
C.shocked
D.curious
解析:選D 我對于是什么東西鼓舞她在這么大年齡還能承受這樣的挑戰感到很好奇(curious)。A項意為“害怕的”;B項意為“尷尬的”;C項意為“震驚的”。
7.A.forbidden
B.encouraged
C.warned
D.allowed
解析:選B 參考上題解析。A項意為“禁止”;B項意為“鼓勵,鼓舞”;C項意為“警告”;D項意為“允許”。
B
(2024·河北唐山一模) I first got to know Rose while working in a hospital kitchen.
When I arrived at 6 a.m., Rose was already there.“Hi, I'm Janet.”I tried to be __1__, although I already knew Rose was hard to work with. Rose __2__ what she was doing and looked over her reading glasses. I could tell from her __3__ that she wasn't delighted to see a student worker. __4__, I started to work. However, nothing I did __5__ her. All morning her eagle eyes missed __6__ and she was very sharp with me.
1.A.confident
B.cool
C.friendly
D.patient
解析:選C 根據“although I already knew Rose was hard to work with”可知設空處答案為C項(friendly)。
2.A.loved
B.forgot
C.hated
D.stopped
解析:選D 作者向Rose打招呼,Rose停下手中的活看了她一眼。A項意為“熱愛”;B項意為“忘記”;C項意為“討厭”;D項意為“停止”。
3.A.experience
B.expression
C.description
D.appearance
解析:選B 根據上下文可知,作者從Rose的表情中可以看出Rose見我是一名實習生而感到不悅。A項意為“經驗”;B項意為“表情”;C項意為“描述”;D項意為“外表”。
4.A.Otherwise
B.Anyway
C.Therefore
D.Besides
解析:選B 雖然Rose不友好,但我還是開始工作了。A項意為“否則”;B項意為“即使這樣”;C項意為“因此”;D項意為“此外”。
5.A.pleased
B.excited
C.puzzled
D.disappointed
解析:選A 根據下句可知我做的一切都沒讓她高興起來。A項意為“使……高興”;B項意為“使……激動”;C項意為“使……困惑”;D項意為“使……失望”。
6.A.everything
B.nothing
C.something
D.anything
解析:選B 整個上午,我做的事沒有一件逃過她銳利的目光。動詞miss在本句中意為“未看到”,故答案為nothing。
C
(2024·江西百所重點高中模擬)Ten-year-old Riley Christensen and her mother, Lynn, sat in front of the family computer, checking out models and prices of bikes.“Let's __1__ one out for Dad's birthday present,”Lynn suggested to her daughter.