多給予孩子愛，有效提高學習能力
The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.
The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think.
Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says.
And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds.
The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment - a key theory in child development and psychology.
This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being.
It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.
The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account.
The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds - known as secure attachment - they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school.
And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.
They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.
The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents.
Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations.
She added: "Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behaviour. These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning.
"It's really only as we understand more about these behaviour problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents."
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: "Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behaviour and future employment.
"The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.
"This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children's life chances.
"More support from health visitors, children's centres and local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap."
薩頓信托基金會（The Sutton Trust）的一份報告指出，良好的親子關系對孩子日后的教育學習影響重大，遠超以往預期。
研究發現，嬰幼兒與父母的親子關系會對他們日后的讀、寫以及思辨能力產生深遠影響。
報告指出，那些缺乏安全感的父母很難給予孩子關懷。
報告指出，基金會呼吁多方的關注，幫助父母們認識到親子關系的重要性。
基金會主要采用依戀理論（theory of attachment）進行研究——該理論在兒童成長與心理學領域頗為著名。
研究重點關注了依附理論，孩子小時候與父母的關系如何，決定了他們在成長過程中能否擁有安全感以及積極樂觀的心態。
但英國慈善教育機構薩頓信托基金會在題為《嬰兒的情感紐帶》報告中指出，親子關系除了會影響孩子的心態以外，還會他們日后的學習生活，
該結論是基于對于100多項研究的分析得出的，這其中包括對各國兒童所進行的家訪、行為評估以及觀察。
研究人員認為，盡管心理學家對依附理論有所關注，但決策者并未將這一理論與學習機能聯系在一起，希望有關部門能采納這一研究成果。
報告指出，孩子在嬰幼兒時期若是與父母的關系不甚良好——也就是缺乏安全型依附——那么入學前，這些孩子的語言及行為能力可能會表現得差一些。
報告引用了世界各國的研究，研究表明親子關系會對孩子日后的生活產生影響，與同齡人相比，那些缺乏安全感的孩子更可能輟學或逃避就業。
缺愛的孩子長大后還可能更叛逆，更有攻擊性，更加多動。
薩頓信托基金會的研究表明，英國大約有40%的孩子無法無法從父母處獲得安全感。
主要研究者蘇菲穆蘭表示她所在的小組從全球的案例中選用了許多有代表性個案。通過觀察發現全世界大約有38%到42%的孩子與父母的關系很疏遠。
蘇菲補充說道：“安全性依附使孩子保持良好的心態以及更好的融入社會。孩子入學后，良好的親子關系使他們的日常行為更加規范。相反，那些缺乏安全感的孩子學業可能就不會那么順利，老師可能會向家長反映孩子行為乖張，情緒不穩，無法融入集體，以致成績不佳。”
“當我們對這些不良行為的理解加深后才發現，這其中的許多問題都歸咎于嬰幼兒時期父母對孩子的冷落。”
信托基金會的研究負責人康奈爾瑞安表示：“良好的親子關系不但有助于孩子未來的學習以及求職，能規范孩子的行為，還能幫助孩子更好的進行社會職能的轉變。”
“五歲時孩子學習能力的差距就開始顯現，第一名和最后一名之間大概相差19個月。”
“我們的報告強調了安全性依戀的重要性，良好的親子關系既能縮小同齡人間學習能力的差距還能使孩子擁有更多發展的機會。”
“本國的衛生訪視員，兒童中心和地方當局已意識親子關系的重要性，有關部門已采取措施，督促父母給予孩子更多關愛，以便縮小同齡人間學習能力的差距。”
The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.
The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think.
Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says.
And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds.
The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment - a key theory in child development and psychology.
This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being.
It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.
The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account.
The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds - known as secure attachment - they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school.
And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.
They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.
The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents.
Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations.
She added: "Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behaviour. These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning.
"It's really only as we understand more about these behaviour problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents."
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: "Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behaviour and future employment.
"The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.
"This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children's life chances.
"More support from health visitors, children's centres and local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap."
薩頓信托基金會（The Sutton Trust）的一份報告指出，良好的親子關系對孩子日后的教育學習影響重大，遠超以往預期。
研究發現，嬰幼兒與父母的親子關系會對他們日后的讀、寫以及思辨能力產生深遠影響。
報告指出，那些缺乏安全感的父母很難給予孩子關懷。
報告指出，基金會呼吁多方的關注，幫助父母們認識到親子關系的重要性。
基金會主要采用依戀理論（theory of attachment）進行研究——該理論在兒童成長與心理學領域頗為著名。
研究重點關注了依附理論，孩子小時候與父母的關系如何，決定了他們在成長過程中能否擁有安全感以及積極樂觀的心態。
但英國慈善教育機構薩頓信托基金會在題為《嬰兒的情感紐帶》報告中指出，親子關系除了會影響孩子的心態以外，還會他們日后的學習生活，
該結論是基于對于100多項研究的分析得出的，這其中包括對各國兒童所進行的家訪、行為評估以及觀察。
研究人員認為，盡管心理學家對依附理論有所關注，但決策者并未將這一理論與學習機能聯系在一起，希望有關部門能采納這一研究成果。
報告指出，孩子在嬰幼兒時期若是與父母的關系不甚良好——也就是缺乏安全型依附——那么入學前，這些孩子的語言及行為能力可能會表現得差一些。
報告引用了世界各國的研究，研究表明親子關系會對孩子日后的生活產生影響，與同齡人相比，那些缺乏安全感的孩子更可能輟學或逃避就業。
缺愛的孩子長大后還可能更叛逆，更有攻擊性，更加多動。
薩頓信托基金會的研究表明，英國大約有40%的孩子無法無法從父母處獲得安全感。
主要研究者蘇菲穆蘭表示她所在的小組從全球的案例中選用了許多有代表性個案。通過觀察發現全世界大約有38%到42%的孩子與父母的關系很疏遠。
蘇菲補充說道：“安全性依附使孩子保持良好的心態以及更好的融入社會。孩子入學后，良好的親子關系使他們的日常行為更加規范。相反，那些缺乏安全感的孩子學業可能就不會那么順利，老師可能會向家長反映孩子行為乖張，情緒不穩，無法融入集體，以致成績不佳。”
“當我們對這些不良行為的理解加深后才發現，這其中的許多問題都歸咎于嬰幼兒時期父母對孩子的冷落。”
信托基金會的研究負責人康奈爾瑞安表示：“良好的親子關系不但有助于孩子未來的學習以及求職，能規范孩子的行為，還能幫助孩子更好的進行社會職能的轉變。”
“五歲時孩子學習能力的差距就開始顯現，第一名和最后一名之間大概相差19個月。”
“我們的報告強調了安全性依戀的重要性，良好的親子關系既能縮小同齡人間學習能力的差距還能使孩子擁有更多發展的機會。”
“本國的衛生訪視員，兒童中心和地方當局已意識親子關系的重要性，有關部門已采取措施，督促父母給予孩子更多關愛，以便縮小同齡人間學習能力的差距。”
