what的某些特殊的用法

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what的某些特殊的用法

what在英語中是個很常用的詞。我們知道它能用作疑問詞,引導特殊疑問句,在句中做主語﹑表語或賓語;又能用作連接代詞(或復合關系代詞),引導主語從句﹑表語從句或賓語從句;還能用作疑問形容詞,只作定語并可表示感嘆。對于這些常規的用法本文就不一一贅述,現就what在高中英語中的某些特殊用法歸納如下:

1. what = just as,意為恰像,猶如,好比用作連詞,引導比較狀語從句。

⑴ 慣用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意為A對B而言正如C對D一樣例如:

① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空氣對于我們猶如水對于魚。(介詞to 表示兩者的關系)

⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如:

② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。(介詞for表示供使用)

⑶ what 引導的從句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D, that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在這一結構中,喻體在前,主體在后,相當于just as,so結構,意思也是A對B而言正如C對D一樣例如:

What blood vessel is to a mans body, that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body ,so Railway is to transportation.)

鐵路對于運輸,好比血管對于人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用,意為(怎樣)處理﹑安排或對付等。what常有較靈活的翻譯,常用結構是:what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如:

① What will you do with the letter? 你將把那封信怎樣處理?

② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

孩子們不知道雨天干什么好。

注意: do with 與deal with同義,但搭配不同:do with只能與what搭配,而deal with可與不同的疑問詞搭配。比較:

③ How will you deal with the letter?你將那封信怎樣處理?

④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

如果你試著倒立著或僅以躺著的姿勢去喝水,就能大致體會得到宇航員必須應付什么了。

3. 問價格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面積﹑門牌(汽車﹑電話等)號碼等時,只能用what提問,不能用how much提問。例如:

① What is the cost(price) of the gold watch?這塊金表多少錢?

② What is the speed of the car?車速是多少?

③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?這湖有多長(寬、深)?

④ What is the population(area)of China?中國的人口(面積)有多少(大)?

⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少錢(現金)?

⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

你的電話(汽車﹑房間)號碼是多少?

4.What is like?的兩種含義。

⑴ 表示情況怎樣,多指天氣或氣候。例如:

① What is the weather like today?今天天氣怎樣?

② What is the climate like there?那里的氣候怎樣?

⑵ 表示像什么樣,什么模樣,怎樣的 指人或事物。例如:

③ What is the camel like ?駱駝是什么樣子的?

④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

你老師是怎樣一個人?她既善良又美麗。

⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未來的生活是什么樣子呢?

注意:What islike?通常用于對某人、某地和某物的實際情況提問,包括對其內在的品質或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提問。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外觀詢問對方的看法,可以用來詢問變化的事物,如暫時的情況,情緒等,還常用來問候別人的健康。如:

⑥ How is your work these days? 近來你的工作情況如何?

⑦ How is he? 他近況如何? ( 他身體近來怎么樣?)

比較:What does she look like?她是什么模樣?(What look like?只能指外表 )

5.What do you think of?用于詢問對方對的看法或評價。例如:

① What do you think of the idea?你認為這個主意怎樣?

② What did you think of that film?你對那場電影評價如何?

注意: What do you think of?是慣用搭配,不能改為How do you think of?。但我們可以說:How do you feel about the idea( that film)?或者How do you like the idea( that film)?

6.what 用作復合關系代詞時,既可指代人又可指代物。例如:

① China is no longer what it used to be? 中國已不是過去的中國

② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你說的女才子。

③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

7. what從句可用作賓語補足語或狀語。例如:

① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我們將使工廠比現在規模增加一倍。( 句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補足語)

② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人稱得現有的重量(句中的第一個what到句末為表語從句;句末的what you weigh 是說明前面的動詞weigh, 系回答how much 的問題,作狀語)

8.像how和why一樣,what可以用作名詞。例如:

① Please explain to us how and why, since you know what. 既然你想出一個好辦法,請給我們解釋清楚解決這個問題的方法和理由。

② By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

通過刨根問底,提出假設,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解決問題的新辦法。 ( 見新版高二英語上冊p.7,what if 可譯為:假設)

9.與what連用的常用句型和詞組

⑴ What if?: What will or would happen if?如果(假如)將會怎么樣?;例如:

① What if it is true? 如果這是真的又怎么樣?

② What if a storm should come up? 萬一發生暴風雨怎么辦?

⑵ what with : because of ; as a result of; 因為; 由于的結果; 例如:

③ What with overwork and ( what with) so little sleep, she fell ill.

一半由于工作過度的勞累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。

④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move.

她由于丟了工作還要搬家而感到沮喪。

⑶ and what not : and so on ; etc; 以及各種其它東西;諸如此類;等等; 例如:

⑤ I bought sugar, tea, eggs, and what not. 我買了食糖、茶葉、雞蛋之類的東西。

⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝,意為不管發生什么事不管怎樣

⑥ Come what will (may), I will always stand by you.

不管發生什么事,我將永遠支持你。

what在英語中是個很常用的詞。我們知道它能用作疑問詞,引導特殊疑問句,在句中做主語﹑表語或賓語;又能用作連接代詞(或復合關系代詞),引導主語從句﹑表語從句或賓語從句;還能用作疑問形容詞,只作定語并可表示感嘆。對于這些常規的用法本文就不一一贅述,現就what在高中英語中的某些特殊用法歸納如下:

1. what = just as,意為恰像,猶如,好比用作連詞,引導比較狀語從句。

⑴ 慣用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意為A對B而言正如C對D一樣例如:

① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空氣對于我們猶如水對于魚。(介詞to 表示兩者的關系)

⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如:

② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。(介詞for表示供使用)

⑶ what 引導的從句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D, that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在這一結構中,喻體在前,主體在后,相當于just as,so結構,意思也是A對B而言正如C對D一樣例如:

What blood vessel is to a mans body, that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body ,so Railway is to transportation.)

鐵路對于運輸,好比血管對于人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用,意為(怎樣)處理﹑安排或對付等。what常有較靈活的翻譯,常用結構是:what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如:

① What will you do with the letter? 你將把那封信怎樣處理?

② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

孩子們不知道雨天干什么好。

注意: do with 與deal with同義,但搭配不同:do with只能與what搭配,而deal with可與不同的疑問詞搭配。比較:

③ How will you deal with the letter?你將那封信怎樣處理?

④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

如果你試著倒立著或僅以躺著的姿勢去喝水,就能大致體會得到宇航員必須應付什么了。

3. 問價格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面積﹑門牌(汽車﹑電話等)號碼等時,只能用what提問,不能用how much提問。例如:

① What is the cost(price) of the gold watch?這塊金表多少錢?

② What is the speed of the car?車速是多少?

③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?這湖有多長(寬、深)?

④ What is the population(area)of China?中國的人口(面積)有多少(大)?

⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少錢(現金)?

⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

你的電話(汽車﹑房間)號碼是多少?

4.What is like?的兩種含義。

⑴ 表示情況怎樣,多指天氣或氣候。例如:

① What is the weather like today?今天天氣怎樣?

② What is the climate like there?那里的氣候怎樣?

⑵ 表示像什么樣,什么模樣,怎樣的 指人或事物。例如:

③ What is the camel like ?駱駝是什么樣子的?

④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

你老師是怎樣一個人?她既善良又美麗。

⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未來的生活是什么樣子呢?

注意:What islike?通常用于對某人、某地和某物的實際情況提問,包括對其內在的品質或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提問。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外觀詢問對方的看法,可以用來詢問變化的事物,如暫時的情況,情緒等,還常用來問候別人的健康。如:

⑥ How is your work these days? 近來你的工作情況如何?

⑦ How is he? 他近況如何? ( 他身體近來怎么樣?)

比較:What does she look like?她是什么模樣?(What look like?只能指外表 )

5.What do you think of?用于詢問對方對的看法或評價。例如:

① What do you think of the idea?你認為這個主意怎樣?

② What did you think of that film?你對那場電影評價如何?

注意: What do you think of?是慣用搭配,不能改為How do you think of?。但我們可以說:How do you feel about the idea( that film)?或者How do you like the idea( that film)?

6.what 用作復合關系代詞時,既可指代人又可指代物。例如:

① China is no longer what it used to be? 中國已不是過去的中國

② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你說的女才子。

③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

7. what從句可用作賓語補足語或狀語。例如:

① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我們將使工廠比現在規模增加一倍。( 句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補足語)

② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人稱得現有的重量(句中的第一個what到句末為表語從句;句末的what you weigh 是說明前面的動詞weigh, 系回答how much 的問題,作狀語)

8.像how和why一樣,what可以用作名詞。例如:

① Please explain to us how and why, since you know what. 既然你想出一個好辦法,請給我們解釋清楚解決這個問題的方法和理由。

② By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

通過刨根問底,提出假設,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解決問題的新辦法。 ( 見新版高二英語上冊p.7,what if 可譯為:假設)

9.與what連用的常用句型和詞組

⑴ What if?: What will or would happen if?如果(假如)將會怎么樣?;例如:

① What if it is true? 如果這是真的又怎么樣?

② What if a storm should come up? 萬一發生暴風雨怎么辦?

⑵ what with : because of ; as a result of; 因為; 由于的結果; 例如:

③ What with overwork and ( what with) so little sleep, she fell ill.

一半由于工作過度的勞累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。

④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move.

她由于丟了工作還要搬家而感到沮喪。

⑶ and what not : and so on ; etc; 以及各種其它東西;諸如此類;等等; 例如:

⑤ I bought sugar, tea, eggs, and what not. 我買了食糖、茶葉、雞蛋之類的東西。

⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝,意為不管發生什么事不管怎樣

⑥ Come what will (may), I will always stand by you.

不管發生什么事,我將永遠支持你。

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