12月英語六級聽力四種題型備考攻略
聽力題型占據(jù)英語六級考試的35%，如果能在聽力部分取得高分，那么最終的六級成績也一定不會低。本文主要對聽力四大題型進(jìn)行解析，希望對考生們有所幫助。
語音
平時單方面注重美音而對英式發(fā)音不很熟悉的考生，在考試時會頗受影響。接下來給大家準(zhǔn)備了幾個簡單的單詞，大家可以自己嘗試一下他們的英美發(fā)音
Either, dance, course, letter, current.這些簡單詞匯的英式和美式發(fā)音在我們的歷年真題音頻中都能找到。
更多英音和美音的區(qū)別，請大家多去熟悉歷年真題單詞和長句的錄音，盡量跟讀。最終做到能夠聽懂所有高頻詞匯的英美發(fā)音。
聽力選擇題部分解題技巧
2010年12月六級考試聽力部分在難度上較上一次考試明顯加強(qiáng)。對于單詞量、重點(diǎn)短語的考察也十分豐富。
一，短對話部分
短對話加強(qiáng)了對場景詞匯和語義替換的要求。如直接考察地點(diǎn)失物招領(lǐng)處的第17題和重拳出擊住房場景的第11題：
11.W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. Its located in a quiet building and its close to bus lines.
M: That maybe true. But look at it, its awful, the paint has peeled off and carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
其中包含若干住房場景詞匯，如油漆剝落、地毯破損、爐具老舊等。如果之前沒有專門進(jìn)行若干場景單詞的積累，恐怕解題會有難度。
又如需要理解和語義替換的第14題：
M: This truck looks like what I need but Im worried about maintenance. For us itll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.
W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
正確答案是A) He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.原文中，男士說擔(dān)憂卡車的維護(hù)，提出truck需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures，意思是能夠滿足長時間在嚴(yán)寒中使用。 very cold temperatures和extreme conditions即對應(yīng)harsh weather.關(guān)于嚴(yán)寒的極端天氣這種說法，早在之前06年6月17日的考試當(dāng)中就出現(xiàn)過，見當(dāng)年第三篇短文的18題選項(xiàng)A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.
短對話應(yīng)對策略方面，首先，在這里有針對性的給大家總結(jié)一下屬于聽力基礎(chǔ)部分的常見場景詞匯
校園場景：
freshman大一學(xué)生，sophomore大二學(xué)生，junior student大三學(xué)生， senior student大四學(xué)生，高年級學(xué)生， undergraduate student本科生， graduate student / postgraduate student研究生， tutor / mentor / director / supervisor導(dǎo)師，take the course選課，drop the course 退課，register注冊，sign up for the course選課，seminar討論班， selective course /elective course/optional course選修課，requirement / required course/compulsory必修課，credit學(xué)分，introductory course初級課程，advanced course高級課程，skip the class翹課，paper/ essay/ thesis論文， librarian圖書管理員，due到期， renew續(xù)借， back number過刊， latest issue最新一期， journal期刊， periodical 期刊
職場場景：
promotion提升、升職， immediate boss頂頭上司，qualification 資歷，certificate證書， quit/ resign 辭職，retire退休， lay off 失業(yè)， credential 文憑， apply for the job申請工作， applicant 申請者， resume簡歷(注意發(fā)音)，position職位， occupation職位， job vacancy 職務(wù)空缺， job opening 職位空缺
租房與賓館場景：
renter/ tenant 房客， landlord地主/房東， lease租約/租契， utilities水電氣費(fèi)用， let租， furniture家具， carpet地毯， stove爐子， oven爐子， suite套房(注意發(fā)音)， hotel receptionist 酒店前臺接待員， room service 客房服務(wù)， reservation 預(yù)訂，be booked up訂滿
修理工場景：
plumber 管工， mechanic 機(jī)師， electrician 電工， carpenter 木匠， telephone repairman 修理工(以上四個單詞請見2001年1月六級短對話第7題四個選項(xiàng)), fix 修理， garage 車庫， vacuum 吸塵器， refrigerator電冰箱， fuse保險絲
其次，要和大家著重強(qiáng)調(diào)一下語義理解題中but的重要性。如第13題
W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday?
M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldnt take too long.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案The suitcase can be fixed in time.在男人的話中，首先說明需要找到一個可以匹配的把手，但接下來就用一個but說明這個修理過程不會持續(xù)很久，也就是我們的答案in time的來源。
又比如第18題
M: What are you going to do with the old house you are in heritage from your grandfather?
W: I once intended to sell it, but now, Im thinking of turning it into a guest house, because its still a solid structure.
Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house?
答案Convert it into a hotel.就是來自于女人答語的but后面。如果錯誤關(guān)注于but前方的內(nèi)容once intended to sell it，就會認(rèn)為應(yīng)該賣掉，但聽到but之后，才知道答案是turn it into a guest house,也就是說convert into a hotel的替換。
最后，還是要再次和大家談?wù)劧虒υ捳骖}的重復(fù)性。
比如剛剛說過的第18題，其中的定位點(diǎn)but和答案點(diǎn)turn it into替換convert，都是來自于1999年6月份六級考試的聽力真題第8題
A) He may convert it and use it as a restaurant.
B) He may pull it down and build a new restaurant.
C) He may rent it out for use as a restaurant.
D) He may sell it to the owner of a restaurant.
正確答案A，其中也是以convert成為考點(diǎn)。該題原文
M: What is Mr. Peterson going to do with his old house on London Road? Rent it or sell it?
W: I heard he is thinking of turning it into a restaurant, which isnt a bad idea, because its still a solid building.
Q: What will Mr. Peterson do with his old house?
同樣考察了turn it into和convert的同義替換。
二，長對話部分
長對話整體出題較為規(guī)整，但也不排除推陳出新的題目，比如第二篇的22題，選項(xiàng)設(shè)置很巧妙。
長對話解題思路：a，邊聽邊標(biāo)記，選項(xiàng)被大部分讀到、少部分替換即優(yōu)選。b，注意邏輯詞提示，如but，however，because，so等。c，注意極端詞提示，如most，only，absolutely，whole，entire等。d，注意語氣語調(diào)語速的變化(這點(diǎn)希望考生再對照答案位置關(guān)注一下原文放音體會一下)。
19. A. Unique descriptive skills.
B. Good knowledge of readers tastes.
C. Colorful world experiences.
D. Careful plotting and clueing.
20. A. A peaceful setting.
B. A spacious room.
C. To be in the right mood.
D. To be entirely alone.
21. A. They rely heavily on their own imagination.
B. They have experiences similar to the characters.
C. They look at the world in a detached manner.
D. They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.
答案是
19. D. Careful plotting and clueing.
20. D. To be entirely alone.
21. C. They look at the world in a detached manner.
長對話第一篇原文
W: When you write a novel, do you know where youre going, Dr. James?
M: Yes, you must, really, if youre writing the classical detective story,because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesnt mean to say that I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing.But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.
W: When youre planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that youre by yourself?
M:(第20題答案位置，放音此時出現(xiàn)非常明確的語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)，且出現(xiàn)引導(dǎo)詞absolutely和but、completely等表達(dá))I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I cant even bare anybody else in the house. I dont mind much where I am as long as Ive got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone.
W: Is that very important to you?
M: Oh, yes. Ive never been lonely in all my life.
W: How extraordinary! Never?
M: No, never.
W: (第21題答案位置。用上下兩句對話說明作家的特點(diǎn)。先說明The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening接下來用了一個單詞detachment的重現(xiàn)直指答案They look at the world in a detached manner，其中detached譯為不帶感情的，超然的。)Youre very lucky. Someone once said that theres a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.
M: Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is thisdetachment and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone.But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment makes people feel theres a bit of ice in the heart.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?
20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?
21. What does the man say about writers?
關(guān)于邏輯詞提示這一點(diǎn)，我們再看一下這套題目的第二篇長對話開篇
W: There is an element there about competition then, isnt there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. Theres only one railway system in the country. If you dont like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another.(這是該篇第一道題目第22題答案的位置。正確選項(xiàng)Like it or not, you have to use them，即是從but后方內(nèi)容得到的形象概括。)But if you dont like a particular railway, you cant go and use another.
M: Some people who write to me say this
三，短文部分
2010年12月的短文題目延續(xù)了近年來對于普及新知識的重視。關(guān)于短文的傳統(tǒng)解題方法我在之前各期六級聽力的相關(guān)解題技巧講解的文章中已經(jīng)多次提到，這里就不再贅述。針對普及新知識的類型文章，我這里將和大家分享一些除了邏輯詞、視聽基本一致等基本解題思路外的信息。
以該套題目第一篇短文為例
(文章最開始的首句群出現(xiàn)開篇26題答案位置，選項(xiàng)即原文重現(xiàn))Among global warmings most frightening threats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded.Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, (注意but的邏輯詞引導(dǎo)，這是第27題答案位置)but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is.(細(xì)節(jié)題，第28題答案位置，和選項(xiàng)幾乎相同的原文重現(xiàn))Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published(提示第29題latest finding)last weekin Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which(第29題答案位置，注意結(jié)論性的語句)suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice.As Herman Engleheart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.
26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?
答案：Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
27. What did scientists disagree on?
答案：How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.
28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?
答案：It collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years.
29. What the scientists latest findings suggest?
答案：The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.
本文屬于地理科學(xué)類文章，涉及到全球氣候變暖、極地冰川融化等近年來很熱門的環(huán)境問題。其中包含一些專業(yè)詞匯，如West Antarctic ice sheet西南極洲冰原，ice shelf 冰架， fossil 化石， microscopic marine plants海洋微生物，等等。除了專業(yè)詞匯的困擾外，文章中出現(xiàn)的大數(shù)字也會在聽力放音中給眾多考生加壓。文章結(jié)尾選取的Herman Engleheart的引語，給全篇的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)做出了一個結(jié)論，也就是西南極冰原可能再度融化。
在這類專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的文章里，一定要聽明白文章首句群在文章的開頭三到四句話中往往會交代這篇文章研究的領(lǐng)域或者提出的科學(xué)猜想，這對于解題至關(guān)重要。通常在這樣的首句群之后，文章將進(jìn)行到相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)例證或者實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，這時候，由于文章本身出題數(shù)量的限制，經(jīng)常是沒有需要總結(jié)或概括的題目出現(xiàn)的，所以，在數(shù)據(jù)列舉和實(shí)驗(yàn)分析的過程，即使出題也很可能只是細(xì)節(jié)的題目，這個時候應(yīng)用視聽基本一致就變得非常簡單。文章的結(jié)尾往往很重要，通常會有結(jié)論出現(xiàn)。基本在所有的新知識普及型文章中，都有兩個通用的出題點(diǎn)a，實(shí)驗(yàn)帶來的最終結(jié)論;b，科學(xué)研究者的直接引用觀點(diǎn)即得出的最可能的理論和設(shè)想。所以，請大家注意如a, research/ survey/ statistics/ evidence/ studies+ show/ reveal/ indicate和b, scientist/ researcher/ a certain scientists name+ believe/ find/ discover/ estimate組合后方的內(nèi)容，往往是答案所在的區(qū)域。
此外，請大家關(guān)注一下兩個話題近兩年在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的相關(guān)文章：a，環(huán)保、新能源、新材料;b，健康和醫(yī)療新突破。
四，復(fù)合式聽寫
1， 審題。先看第一句，判斷出該篇的主題、感情基調(diào)及時態(tài)。再看單詞空格前后的單詞或短語，以此推知空格中所填單詞的詞性甚至詞義。此外還需注意句子空格前后是什么單詞，以判斷句子的起止點(diǎn)。
2， 速記。復(fù)合式聽寫在第一遍讀文章時，時間是比較不夠用的，所以如何鍛煉自己速記能力很重要。如departmentdept., difficultdifft, three months later 3m, eight days ago8d等。對于寫字慢的同學(xué)，句子不一定完全照搬，可以記下重點(diǎn)詞，之后憑印象和邏輯連詞成句。
3， 注意單詞拼寫。一般常考的單詞是名詞和動詞。名詞需要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，動詞需要注意時態(tài)。句子中如果遇到不會拼寫的單詞，可用同義詞替換。
例題：
2009年6月六級考試復(fù)合式聽寫第36題
English is the leading international language. In different countries around the globe, English is acquired as the mother ________, in others its used as a second language.
答案：tongue
相信大部分同學(xué)只要看了這句話，就都可以猜出在空格里填入的單詞和前面mother構(gòu)成的短語意思應(yīng)該是母語，于是填入tongue。實(shí)際上這個空格是無需聽音即可填出的。
例題：
1999年6月六級考試復(fù)合式聽寫第S1題
President Clinton later today joins ________presidents Ford, Garter and Bush at the presidents summit for Americans future aimed at recruiting one million volunteer tutors
答案： former
同樣的，無需聽音，即可猜出S1空格應(yīng)和presidents搭配意為前總統(tǒng)，于是填入former.
最后，祝各位考生在考試中取得滿意的成績!
