北外口譯翻譯技巧
Chapter One 詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶
一． 詞義的選擇
（一） 根據詞性
He likes physics.
They are shining like gold.
Like knows like.
(二) 根據上下文聯系
He is the last man to do it.
He should be the last to blame.
He is the last man to come.
He is the last person for such a job.
二． 詞義的引申
（一） 將詞義做抽象化的引申
1． 將表示具體形象的詞譯成該形象代表的屬性
Every life has its roses and thorns.每個人的生活有甜有苦。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.
他們的性格既殘暴，又狡猾。
2． 將帶有特征性形象的詞譯成該形象所代表的詞
see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad
時好時壞這兩種情況不斷地交替出現
Their troops goosestepped into power.
他們的軍隊耀武揚威地奪取了政權。
（二） 將詞義做具體化的引申
The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.
我前面的車停下來了，我錯過了綠燈。
三． 詞義的褒貶
（一） 英語中有些詞本身具有褒貶意義
He was a man of high renown.
他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didnt come until his death.
他的惡名是他死后才傳開的。
（二） 中立意義的詞在上下文中譯出褒貶
The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.
我們要求他談了他的希望和抱負
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.
他欺騙了我，使我成了他進行罪惡勾當的工具。
練習:
Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.
信息技術將成為21世紀全球經濟競爭的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.
美國的大城市形形色色，卻有許多共同的問題。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.
由于教育不斷普及，推動了機遇面前人人平等的美國理想的實現。
Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.
美國的種族關系一直是棘手的問題。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.
多民族的人口結構也給社會帶來一定的問題，種族歧視和偏見依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.
報紙和雜志的經費來源主要是依靠廣告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.
地理位置為美國提供了豐富的可利用資源，肥沃的土地和有利的氣候。
The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.
美國沒有父親的單親孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.
美國的節日賀卡和裝飾業增添了宗教節日和習俗節日的歡樂氣氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.
1689年至1763年間英法兩國連年戰爭，使北美的歐洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。
現代美國經濟從來沒有完全脫離過政府的干預。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。
丁克家庭的增長沖擊了傳統的中國家庭觀念。
Chapter Two 詞類轉譯
一． 轉譯為動詞
1． 名詞轉譯為動詞
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已用來探索宇宙。
2． 含有動詞意味的名詞轉譯為動詞
The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.
看到我們的飛機，聽到飛機的聲音，令我特別神往。
3． 英語中以er結尾的名詞在句中不指身份和職業，而含有動詞意味，譯為動詞
I think my sister is a better singer than I.
我認為我姐姐比我唱的好。
二． 轉譯為名詞
1． 名詞派生的動詞
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間的關系有一個特點就是以禮相待。
2． 名詞轉化的動詞
This machine is designed to burn up if overused.
這個機器，按其設計，如果過度使用就會燒毀。
練習：
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.
數百萬移民踏上這片充滿希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.
導致人們遷居的原因往往是向往宜人的氣候，迷人的景色和愜意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
過去的20年中，美國的航空運輸業迅速發展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.
財富逐漸集中在少數人手中，引發了許多社會問題和政治問題。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.
人口的增長是自然增長和不斷移民的結果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.
美國經濟的組織方式是個人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句 合句法
一． 分句法
（一） 把原句中一個單詞譯成句子
1． 副詞
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
他們根本沒有答復，這是不足為奇。
2． 形容詞
He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.
他在談到他女兒的時候很自豪，這是可以理解的。
3． 名詞
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.
每個房間內怎樣的布置，這要看各個使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短語翻譯成句子
1． 名詞短語
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被創造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認的規律。
2． 介詞短語
Their power increased with their number.
他們人數增加了，力量也隨之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一個句子拆開, 變成兩個句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.
如果該地區再次發生戰爭, 顯然會使國際關系處于緊張狀態。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
因為他沒有遵守安全規則，機器出了故障。
二． 合句法
（一） 把原文中兩個或以上的簡單句譯成一個句子
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.
從全國各地來的人中有許多是北方人。
（二） 把原文中的主從復合句譯成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
我們對中國領導人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是處于禮貌。
練習:
Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.
美國人有獨立的精神，有自主的權利，并為此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.
電視普及，盜版問題嚴重，導致了電影業的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.
由于受季風影響，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，溫差很小。
Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.
與大部分工業化國家相比，美國人休假時間短，休假次數少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.
隨著新世紀的開始，加強美中關系變得越來越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.
某些產業勞動力日益短缺，將使工人更有權利要求較高的工資。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.
紐約已經成為西方世界最具影響力的大城市之一，目前人口已達800萬。
Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.
雖然美國是個富裕的國家，但全國仍然存在著貧窮和嚴重的收入差別問題。
The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.
科研人員希望完善克隆牛技術，因為昂貴的高質牛肉市場龐大。
Chapter Four 定語從句
一． 限制性定從
（一） 前置法
There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism.
全世界人民在社會主義陽光下過幸福生活的一天是會到來的。
（二） 后置法
1． 譯成并列分句，重復英語先行詞
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他們正在為實現一個理想而努力，這個理想是每個中國人所珍惜的，在過去，許多中國人曾為此犧牲了自己的生命。
He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal.
他把自己非凡的才智和精力無私地獻給了這項事業，而這項事業今天已使他實現了目標。
2． 譯成并列分句，省略英語先行詞
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle.
是他接到那封信，說他的叔叔去世了。
（三） 融合法
There are many people who want to see the film.
許多人要看這部電影。
二． 非限制性定語從句
（一） 前置法
Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
她的富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉默。
（二） 后置法
1． 譯成并列分句
（1） 從句后置，重復關系詞代表的含義
They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor.
他們參觀了紫禁城，從前的中國皇帝曾在那里過著奢華顯赫的生活。
（2） 從句后置，省略關系詞代表的含義
After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night.
飯后，他們繼續會談，直到深夜。
（3） 從句前置，重復關系詞代表的含義
This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
上一次戰爭是帝國主義列強之間爭奪市場，資源和領土的沖突，而這次戰爭卻比上一次復雜。
2． 譯成獨立句
He had talked to the president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
他和總統談過話，總統向他保證，凡是能作到的都將去做。
Chapter One 詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶
一． 詞義的選擇
（一） 根據詞性
He likes physics.
They are shining like gold.
Like knows like.
(二) 根據上下文聯系
He is the last man to do it.
He should be the last to blame.
He is the last man to come.
He is the last person for such a job.
二． 詞義的引申
（一） 將詞義做抽象化的引申
1． 將表示具體形象的詞譯成該形象代表的屬性
Every life has its roses and thorns.每個人的生活有甜有苦。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.
他們的性格既殘暴，又狡猾。
2． 將帶有特征性形象的詞譯成該形象所代表的詞
see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad
時好時壞這兩種情況不斷地交替出現
Their troops goosestepped into power.
他們的軍隊耀武揚威地奪取了政權。
（二） 將詞義做具體化的引申
The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.
我前面的車停下來了，我錯過了綠燈。
三． 詞義的褒貶
（一） 英語中有些詞本身具有褒貶意義
He was a man of high renown.
他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didnt come until his death.
他的惡名是他死后才傳開的。
（二） 中立意義的詞在上下文中譯出褒貶
The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.
我們要求他談了他的希望和抱負
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.
他欺騙了我，使我成了他進行罪惡勾當的工具。
練習:
Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.
信息技術將成為21世紀全球經濟競爭的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.
美國的大城市形形色色，卻有許多共同的問題。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.
由于教育不斷普及，推動了機遇面前人人平等的美國理想的實現。
Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.
美國的種族關系一直是棘手的問題。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.
多民族的人口結構也給社會帶來一定的問題，種族歧視和偏見依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.
報紙和雜志的經費來源主要是依靠廣告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.
地理位置為美國提供了豐富的可利用資源，肥沃的土地和有利的氣候。
The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.
美國沒有父親的單親孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.
美國的節日賀卡和裝飾業增添了宗教節日和習俗節日的歡樂氣氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.
1689年至1763年間英法兩國連年戰爭，使北美的歐洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。
現代美國經濟從來沒有完全脫離過政府的干預。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。
丁克家庭的增長沖擊了傳統的中國家庭觀念。
Chapter Two 詞類轉譯
一． 轉譯為動詞
1． 名詞轉譯為動詞
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已用來探索宇宙。
2． 含有動詞意味的名詞轉譯為動詞
The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.
看到我們的飛機，聽到飛機的聲音，令我特別神往。
3． 英語中以er結尾的名詞在句中不指身份和職業，而含有動詞意味，譯為動詞
I think my sister is a better singer than I.
我認為我姐姐比我唱的好。
二． 轉譯為名詞
1． 名詞派生的動詞
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間的關系有一個特點就是以禮相待。
2． 名詞轉化的動詞
This machine is designed to burn up if overused.
這個機器，按其設計，如果過度使用就會燒毀。
練習：
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.
數百萬移民踏上這片充滿希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.
導致人們遷居的原因往往是向往宜人的氣候，迷人的景色和愜意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
過去的20年中，美國的航空運輸業迅速發展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.
財富逐漸集中在少數人手中，引發了許多社會問題和政治問題。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.
人口的增長是自然增長和不斷移民的結果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.
美國經濟的組織方式是個人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句 合句法
一． 分句法
（一） 把原句中一個單詞譯成句子
1． 副詞
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
他們根本沒有答復，這是不足為奇。
2． 形容詞
He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.
他在談到他女兒的時候很自豪，這是可以理解的。
3． 名詞
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.
每個房間內怎樣的布置，這要看各個使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短語翻譯成句子
1． 名詞短語
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被創造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認的規律。
2． 介詞短語
Their power increased with their number.
他們人數增加了，力量也隨之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一個句子拆開, 變成兩個句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.
如果該地區再次發生戰爭, 顯然會使國際關系處于緊張狀態。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
因為他沒有遵守安全規則，機器出了故障。
二． 合句法
（一） 把原文中兩個或以上的簡單句譯成一個句子
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.
從全國各地來的人中有許多是北方人。
（二） 把原文中的主從復合句譯成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
我們對中國領導人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是處于禮貌。
練習:
Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.
美國人有獨立的精神，有自主的權利，并為此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.
電視普及，盜版問題嚴重，導致了電影業的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.
由于受季風影響，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，溫差很小。
Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.
與大部分工業化國家相比，美國人休假時間短，休假次數少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.
隨著新世紀的開始，加強美中關系變得越來越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.
某些產業勞動力日益短缺，將使工人更有權利要求較高的工資。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.
紐約已經成為西方世界最具影響力的大城市之一，目前人口已達800萬。
Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.
雖然美國是個富裕的國家，但全國仍然存在著貧窮和嚴重的收入差別問題。
The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.
科研人員希望完善克隆牛技術，因為昂貴的高質牛肉市場龐大。
Chapter Four 定語從句
一． 限制性定從
（一） 前置法
There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism.
全世界人民在社會主義陽光下過幸福生活的一天是會到來的。
（二） 后置法
1． 譯成并列分句，重復英語先行詞
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他們正在為實現一個理想而努力，這個理想是每個中國人所珍惜的，在過去，許多中國人曾為此犧牲了自己的生命。
He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal.
他把自己非凡的才智和精力無私地獻給了這項事業，而這項事業今天已使他實現了目標。
2． 譯成并列分句，省略英語先行詞
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle.
是他接到那封信，說他的叔叔去世了。
（三） 融合法
There are many people who want to see the film.
許多人要看這部電影。
二． 非限制性定語從句
（一） 前置法
Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
她的富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉默。
（二） 后置法
1． 譯成并列分句
（1） 從句后置，重復關系詞代表的含義
They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor.
他們參觀了紫禁城，從前的中國皇帝曾在那里過著奢華顯赫的生活。
（2） 從句后置，省略關系詞代表的含義
After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night.
飯后，他們繼續會談，直到深夜。
（3） 從句前置，重復關系詞代表的含義
This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
上一次戰爭是帝國主義列強之間爭奪市場，資源和領土的沖突，而這次戰爭卻比上一次復雜。
2． 譯成獨立句
He had talked to the president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
他和總統談過話，總統向他保證，凡是能作到的都將去做。
