2024年職稱英語理工類課程講義：詞匯選項
11.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環保) to foster (促進)economic(經濟的) growth(增長). (answer: B)
A. reduce：減少，同義詞：decrease
B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進
C. realize()：認識到、實現計劃、了解到，常見搭配：
Realize ones mistake認識到自己的錯誤;realize ones hopes/plan/dream實現希望/計劃/夢想;realize the truth of the event了解時間真相
D. give：給予
補充：foster是一個多義詞，除了促進，還表示培養、培育、照顧、撫養(不屬于自己的孩子)， 如：foster mother養母;foster parents養父母。
請見教材上一道原題：
Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運動) have fostered (培養)an awareness(意識) of the dangers(危險，危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會習慣).
A. included(包括) B. discovered(發現)
C. cultivated (培養、養成， 種植莊稼，陶冶情操)
D. discouraged：使某人泄氣，失去信心，反義詞：encourage:鼓勵，請注意dis-是一個常見的反義前綴。
12.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一類人，富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)
A. conflict：n 沖突、爭執、(意見的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸
a conflict of interests利害沖突;
B. tension: n 緊張，同義詞：nervousness
C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧，常見搭配：gulf between A and B in sth
There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education of their child.
D. confrontation: n 對抗、動詞：confront.
一般用于： confront sb with sth讓某人面對(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)
有關gap,還有一個常見的表達：generation gap代溝
13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)
A. helpful：有幫助的，反義詞：helpless, 詞組：be helpful to sb
He is always helpful to his mother.
B. hopeful:有希望的，反義詞：hopeless, 常見搭配：be hopeful of/about對。。。抱有希望，如：I am hopeful of passing the exam.
C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的，反義詞：pitiless: 無憐憫心的、殘酷的
D .thankful：感激的、感謝的，反義詞：thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的，常見搭配：
be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
得出結論：同義詞的常見搭配也一樣，后綴-ful(充滿的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根!)
14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
A. shortly：adv馬上、立刻 Ill be coming back shortly.
B. currently: adv時下、當前，同義詞組：at present = now
She is currently in Beijing.
C. lately: adv 最近，同義詞：recently
How have been lately?近來可好?
D. probably： 可能地，反義詞：improbably, 同義詞：possibly.
presently = shortly = soon
15.Attitudes to mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)
A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物，顯示、顯露 display sth to sb
B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示，此時和display屬近義詞。
C. changed：高頻核心詞，含義豐富，改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服兌換貨幣，等等。
change ones idea/attitude改變主意/態度;change ones job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場; change train換乘火車;change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。
D. demonstrated：v 證明、論證、表明、示威游行
16.I have been trying to(盡力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)
A. give up：停止、放棄，give up sth/doing sth, 如：
My husband gave up smoking last year.
B. pick up:撿起來、情況好轉、通過實踐學會(外語、技術)、收取某物、接人、偶然結識某人等。
C. build up逐漸發展、增強
D. take up：占據(時間或空間)、從事某事、
17.Relief workers(救援人員) were shocked (震驚的、吃驚的)by what they saw(他們所看到的). (answer: C)
A. moved：感動的 B. touched：動人的、感人的(= moved)
C. surprised: 吃驚的，be surprised at sth.
Im very surprised to see you here.
D. worried: 擔心的、發愁的，同義詞anxious,搭配：be worried about
He is worried about his exam.
所以：surprised = shocked = astonished
請見教材一道原題：
We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name.
A. frustrated B. disturbed(打擾的、焦慮不安的)
C. relieved (寬慰的) D. surprised
18.The weather is a constant (不斷發生的、不變的)subject (主題)of conversation(談話) in Britain(英國). (answer: D)
A. question： 問題、疑問、詢問，常見的搭配：an open question未解決的問題、允許公開爭論的問題
B. problem問題、難題，solve a problem解決問題;
C. title 名稱、題目、標題、頭銜
D. topic話題、主題
19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特點、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)
A. particular：個別的、特別的、挑剔的，如：his particular problems他的個人問題; particular importance特別的重要; shes very particular about her clothes.
B. characteristic： 典型的，常見搭配：be characteristic of = be typical of
C. remarkable: 不同尋常的、出類拔萃的，同義詞：unusual = exceptional = extraordinary
D. idiomatic: 來自于idiom習語、成語;idiomatic符合語言或方言的特點的
20.It is virtually (幾乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(勸說) him to apply for(申請) the job. (answer: B)
A. simply：簡單地、僅僅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.
B. almost幾乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.
C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地
D. completely = totally
補充：persuade sb to do sth勸說某人做某事
11.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環保) to foster (促進)economic(經濟的) growth(增長). (answer: B)
A. reduce：減少，同義詞：decrease
B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進
C. realize()：認識到、實現計劃、了解到，常見搭配：
Realize ones mistake認識到自己的錯誤;realize ones hopes/plan/dream實現希望/計劃/夢想;realize the truth of the event了解時間真相
D. give：給予
補充：foster是一個多義詞，除了促進，還表示培養、培育、照顧、撫養(不屬于自己的孩子)， 如：foster mother養母;foster parents養父母。
請見教材上一道原題：
Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運動) have fostered (培養)an awareness(意識) of the dangers(危險，危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會習慣).
A. included(包括) B. discovered(發現)
C. cultivated (培養、養成， 種植莊稼，陶冶情操)
D. discouraged：使某人泄氣，失去信心，反義詞：encourage:鼓勵，請注意dis-是一個常見的反義前綴。
12.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一類人，富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)
A. conflict：n 沖突、爭執、(意見的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸
a conflict of interests利害沖突;
B. tension: n 緊張，同義詞：nervousness
C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧，常見搭配：gulf between A and B in sth
There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education of their child.
D. confrontation: n 對抗、動詞：confront.
一般用于： confront sb with sth讓某人面對(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)
有關gap,還有一個常見的表達：generation gap代溝
13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)
A. helpful：有幫助的，反義詞：helpless, 詞組：be helpful to sb
He is always helpful to his mother.
B. hopeful:有希望的，反義詞：hopeless, 常見搭配：be hopeful of/about對。。。抱有希望，如：I am hopeful of passing the exam.
C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的，反義詞：pitiless: 無憐憫心的、殘酷的
D .thankful：感激的、感謝的，反義詞：thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的，常見搭配：
be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
得出結論：同義詞的常見搭配也一樣，后綴-ful(充滿的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根!)
14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
A. shortly：adv馬上、立刻 Ill be coming back shortly.
B. currently: adv時下、當前，同義詞組：at present = now
She is currently in Beijing.
C. lately: adv 最近，同義詞：recently
How have been lately?近來可好?
D. probably： 可能地，反義詞：improbably, 同義詞：possibly.
presently = shortly = soon
15.Attitudes to mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)
A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物，顯示、顯露 display sth to sb
B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示，此時和display屬近義詞。
C. changed：高頻核心詞，含義豐富，改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服兌換貨幣，等等。
change ones idea/attitude改變主意/態度;change ones job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場; change train換乘火車;change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。
D. demonstrated：v 證明、論證、表明、示威游行
16.I have been trying to(盡力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)
A. give up：停止、放棄，give up sth/doing sth, 如：
My husband gave up smoking last year.
B. pick up:撿起來、情況好轉、通過實踐學會(外語、技術)、收取某物、接人、偶然結識某人等。
C. build up逐漸發展、增強
D. take up：占據(時間或空間)、從事某事、
17.Relief workers(救援人員) were shocked (震驚的、吃驚的)by what they saw(他們所看到的). (answer: C)
A. moved：感動的 B. touched：動人的、感人的(= moved)
C. surprised: 吃驚的，be surprised at sth.
Im very surprised to see you here.
D. worried: 擔心的、發愁的，同義詞anxious,搭配：be worried about
He is worried about his exam.
所以：surprised = shocked = astonished
請見教材一道原題：
We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name.
A. frustrated B. disturbed(打擾的、焦慮不安的)
C. relieved (寬慰的) D. surprised
18.The weather is a constant (不斷發生的、不變的)subject (主題)of conversation(談話) in Britain(英國). (answer: D)
A. question： 問題、疑問、詢問，常見的搭配：an open question未解決的問題、允許公開爭論的問題
B. problem問題、難題，solve a problem解決問題;
C. title 名稱、題目、標題、頭銜
D. topic話題、主題
19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特點、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)
A. particular：個別的、特別的、挑剔的，如：his particular problems他的個人問題; particular importance特別的重要; shes very particular about her clothes.
B. characteristic： 典型的，常見搭配：be characteristic of = be typical of
C. remarkable: 不同尋常的、出類拔萃的，同義詞：unusual = exceptional = extraordinary
D. idiomatic: 來自于idiom習語、成語;idiomatic符合語言或方言的特點的
20.It is virtually (幾乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(勸說) him to apply for(申請) the job. (answer: B)
A. simply：簡單地、僅僅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.
B. almost幾乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.
C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地
D. completely = totally
補充：persuade sb to do sth勸說某人做某事
