2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀森林禁令

　　The finitude of forests

　　森林禁令

　　A scheme to save the worlds rainforests still seemstoo good to be true

　　拯救全球熱帶雨林的計(jì)劃仍然很難落實(shí)

　　AS THE heavens open, the canopy offers scantprotection from the downpour, so the orang-utanstear leaves off the trees to make pathetic littleumbrellas to hold over their heads. It is an endearingly human gesture but, as a means ofkeeping dry, almost entirely futile. And it is not just the rain that makes these creatures seemso helpless. The relentless destruction of their tropical-forest habitat has endangered theirentire species.

　　因頭頂沒(méi)有東西遮擋,每當(dāng)下大雨的時(shí)候,猩猩們都缺乏足夠的保護(hù),所以這些猩猩們只能從樹(shù)上扯下樹(shù)葉來(lái)做成小小的保護(hù)傘用來(lái)遮擋他們的頭.這是一個(gè)很可愛(ài)的類似人類的姿勢(shì),但是作為一種避雨的方式,它根本起不到什么作用.與此同時(shí),并不只是下雨才會(huì)讓這些生物像這樣無(wú)助.人類對(duì)熱帶雨林猩猩棲息地?zé)o情的破壞已經(jīng)使這些生物處于危險(xiǎn)的境地.

　　In Borneo, in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan, they can relax in a camp devotedto their welfare on the edge of the Tanjung Puting national park. But the park415,000hectares of protected tropical heath forest and peat forestis surrounded by oil-palmplantations. These orang-utans are refugees from forests cleared to make way for theplantations. Much as people like the creatures, and devotedly as conservationists work, the parkis not enough to stem their remorseless decline. There is too much money in palm oil, as wellas timber, coal, gold, zircon and the forests other vegetable and mineral riches.

　　在印度尼西亞婆羅洲島的中加里曼丹省，這些猩猩得以在丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園邊緣的營(yíng)地里放松。但是該公園415,000公頃受保護(hù)的熱帶森林和泥炭森林都是被棕櫚種植園包圍的.為了給棕櫚種植園騰出地方,在這森林中避難的猩猩都被趕走了.盡管人們喜歡這些生物,并致力于保護(hù)它們的工作,但是這個(gè)公園并不能阻止猩猩的不斷減少.棕櫚油有很大的價(jià)值,這森林中的木材、煤炭、黃金、鋯石、其他蔬菜和豐富的礦產(chǎn)也是如此。

　　Yet prospects for the orang-utans have recently looked up. Climate-change fears have drawnattention to the work forests do to sustain not just wildlife but the planet itself. The outlinesof a scheme under which developing countries would be paid not to cut down trees has beenagreed. Indonesia, for example, chafes at its reputation as the worlds third-biggest emitter ofcarbon . It has promised to cut its emissions by 26% by 2023 or, ifpromised foreign cash actually materialises, by 41%. It will achieve this in large measure byreducing deforestation.

　　這些猩猩的前景已經(jīng)可以預(yù)料。這些野生動(dòng)物對(duì)氣候變化的恐懼已經(jīng)引起了人們對(duì)它們所棲息森林的注意，使人們不但保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物本身，而且也保護(hù)它們所棲息的環(huán)境。所以人們提出了發(fā)展中國(guó)家必須為禁止砍伐樹(shù)木而得到補(bǔ)償?shù)挠?jì)劃，該計(jì)劃的大綱已經(jīng)得到批準(zhǔn)。以印度尼西亞為例，因?qū)κ澜绲谌蟮奶寂欧艊?guó)家這個(gè)排名感到氣惱，它已經(jīng)承諾在2023年之前把它的碳排放降低到26%。它將會(huì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)在很大程度上減少森林砍伐。

　　However, turning the schemeknown as ReducingEmissions from Deforestation and ForestDegradation, or REDDinto actual conservation isnot proving easy, either in Indonesia as a whole or inTanjung Puting in particular. Next to the park is astretch of peat-swamp forest, mostly degraded butrich in carbon. A Hong Kong firm called infiniteEARTH has earmarked this for a REDD project calledRimba Raya . Birut Galdikas, arenowned primatologist who has been studyingorang-utans in Tanjung Puting since 1971, isthrilled by the idea. Rescued orang-utans, of whom more than 300 are in her care centre inthe park, could be freed without danger to the wild population.

　　但是把這個(gè)被稱為減少森林砍伐與森林退化的排放計(jì)劃或REDD的計(jì)劃變成實(shí)際的保護(hù)并不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事，無(wú)論是在印度尼西亞整個(gè)國(guó)家或是丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園都是如此。與丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園相鄰的事一大片的泥炭沼澤森林，幾乎已經(jīng)退化但含有豐富的碳。一個(gè)稱為infinite EARTH 的香港公司把這個(gè)REDD項(xiàng)目稱為Rimba Raya。Birut Galdikas對(duì)該項(xiàng)目很贊賞，她是一位著名的靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物學(xué)家，她從1971年以來(lái)就開(kāi)始研究丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園的猩猩，在公園的中心由300多只猩猩在她的照料下可以安全地放回野生群體中。

　　Rimba Raya seems to offer many other benefits. Trees would be replanted or conserved; the forest wouldregenerate; some 10,000 people would benefit from community development projects suchas one to increase fishing yields. And the earth would be spared a huge amount of emittedcarbon: by one calculation, as much as 75m tonnes over the next 30 years. The projectsinvestors, including Gazprom, a Russian energy giant that has paid in advance for some carboncredits, think it will be lucrative. And it has passed most of a tough certification process.

　　Rimba Raya 似乎也帶來(lái)了許多別的利潤(rùn)。該森林中的樹(shù)木可以重新種植或被保護(hù);森林可以再生，10,000的人將會(huì)從地區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目中受益，諸如增加漁業(yè)收益就是其中一個(gè)例子。并且地球?qū)?huì)減少很多的碳排放：經(jīng)人估計(jì)，在今后的30年里將會(huì)減少75百萬(wàn)噸這么多。該項(xiàng)目的投資者也包括俄羅斯能源巨頭俄羅斯天然氣股份工業(yè)有限公司，該公司認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)目有利可圖，已經(jīng)提前支付了一些碳信用額，并且它已經(jīng)通過(guò)了艱難認(rèn)證程序中的大部分。

　　Yet Ms Galdikas is worried that the project may never happen. Three years on, the final land-use decree has yet to appear. The problem is one that will dog REDD. To win certification,Rimba Raya has to show that the forest is under genuine threat: no point in giving carboncredits for conserving trees and peatland that were not in danger anyway. In Rimba Rayascase, the threat is real enough. The area is subject to various overlapping concessions,including preliminary licences for conversion to palm-oil plantations. The holders of thoselicences, who have already invested in the concessions, are naturally reluctant to give them up.

　　但是Galdikas女士擔(dān)心該項(xiàng)目可能很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。三年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了，最終土地使用法令還是沒(méi)有頒發(fā)。這是一個(gè)會(huì)影響REDD項(xiàng)目的問(wèn)題，為了贏得認(rèn)證，Rimba Raya需要證明該森林是處于真正的危險(xiǎn)之中：沒(méi)有必要為保護(hù)樹(shù)和沒(méi)有任何危險(xiǎn)的泥炭地頒發(fā)碳信用. Rimba Raya項(xiàng)目并未給該地區(qū)構(gòu)成真正的威脅.該地區(qū)存在許多錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的優(yōu)惠,包括為棕櫚種植園開(kāi)發(fā)頒發(fā)初步的許可證，這些許可證的持有者已經(jīng)投資到這些優(yōu)惠當(dāng)中,所以他們實(shí)際上并不愿意放棄.

　　According to those following the project, this is a political battle in which the forces on the otherside have considerable muscle. It also reflects a broader struggle over REDD in Indonesiabeing fought at the national level. Last May Indonesias president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,announced a two-year moratorium on commercial deforestation starting on January 1stthis year. In return, Norway committed $1 billion for REDD payments.

　　根據(jù)跟進(jìn)這些項(xiàng)目的人說(shuō),這是一個(gè)政治斗爭(zhēng),并且另一方有相當(dāng)大的權(quán)利，它也反映出在印度尼西亞關(guān)于REDD方面的斗爭(zhēng)是全國(guó)范圍的。在去年5月份印度尼西亞的總統(tǒng)Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono宣布從今年1月份開(kāi)始進(jìn)行為期2年的禁止商業(yè)森林砍伐。挪威承諾為REDD支付1億美元作為補(bǔ)償。

　　By coincidence, Central Kalimantan has been pickedas the pilot province for the national REDD schemeagainst fierce competition from other placesscenting the cash on offer. Norway has alreadydisbursed $30m. It has helped to produce asuitcase-sized book of 280 maps that is bucklingthe desk in the Jakarta office of KuntoroMangkusubroto, head of Mr Yudhoyonos deliveryunit, who is entrusted with implementing REDD. Themaps are to be attached to a long-overduepresidential decree meant to formalise themoratorium. But both maps and decree are controversial. The maps show, in dark green,Indonesias virgin jungle and, in a lighter shade, the secondary forest which, in many places,surrounds it. In Mr Kuntoros favoured draft of the decree, the moratorium would cover all thegreen splodges. A rival draft, by the forestry ministry, would cover just virgin forestmuch ofwhich, activists say, is in theory protected anyway.

　　與此同時(shí),中加里曼丹為了贏得金錢在與其他地方激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝被選為全國(guó)REDD計(jì)劃的試點(diǎn)省.挪威已經(jīng)支付了30 百萬(wàn)美元給中加里曼丹.這些錢幫助中加里曼丹制造了一本含有280頁(yè)地圖的盒裝書(shū)，這書(shū)被放到Kuntoro Mangkusubroto所在的雅加達(dá)辦公室，在Yudhoyono先生之前，他被委托實(shí)施REDD計(jì)劃。該地圖附帶了一份被推遲了很久的總統(tǒng)法令，意思是想使禁令正式化。但是不管是地圖還是禁令都備受爭(zhēng)議。地圖上顯示，在印度尼西亞深綠色的原始森林周圍有一個(gè)比較淺的陰影，在那里有許多地方被再生林包圍。受Kuntoro先生歡迎的禁令草案是暫停砍伐的范圍包括所有綠色部分，而另外一份林業(yè)部的與之相對(duì)的草案，卻只包括原始森林。但是據(jù)活動(dòng)家所說(shuō)，不管是原始森林還是再生林，在理論上都應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)。

　　Money still grows on trees

　　錢仍然長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上

　　Both the Norwegians and Mr Kuntoro play down the importance of the delay in issuing thedecree, and indeed of the moratorium itself. They argue that it matters most as a means to anend: a radical overhaul of Indonesias land-use and forest-management systems. These havelong been riddled with corruption. Under the 32-year dictatorship of Suharto, which ended in1998, forest concessions became weapons in the armoury of crony capitalism. Such traditionsare hard to break.

　　挪威人和Kuntoro 先生都對(duì)推遲發(fā)行法令的重要性不太重視,實(shí)際上禁令本身也是如此.他們認(rèn)為這最重要的是作為一種達(dá)到目的的手段:是對(duì)印度尼西亞土地使用和森林管理系統(tǒng)的一次徹底的審查.它們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)充斥著貪污腐敗.在長(zhǎng)達(dá)32年并于1998年結(jié)束的的蘇哈托獨(dú)裁政權(quán)的統(tǒng)治下,森林優(yōu)惠變成了發(fā)展裙帶資本主義的有利武器, 這種傳統(tǒng)很難被打破.

　　Much hope is invested in Mr Kuntoro himself, perhaps Indonesias most respected civil servant.But success will depend on the political will of the president. Erik Solheim, Norways minister incharge of the environment and development, points to the encouraging example of Brazil,which has cut deforestation rates by 70% in five years. Indonesia, he concedes, is harder.Ms Galdikas knows what he means. They all talk a wonderful talk, she says, but the forestkeeps getting destroyed.

　　大部分希望還是要寄予Kuntoro先生自己，他或許是印度尼西亞最受尊敬的公民，但是要想成功的話還是要看該總統(tǒng)的政治意愿。Erik Solheim是挪威負(fù)責(zé)環(huán)境與發(fā)展的部長(zhǎng)，他提到了巴西這個(gè)鼓舞人心的榜樣，該國(guó)家在5年之內(nèi)把森林砍伐率降低了70%。印度尼西亞與之相比，他承認(rèn)： 可能會(huì)困難點(diǎn)。Galdikas女士明白她的意思. 他們只會(huì)說(shuō)漂亮話，她說(shuō)，但是森林還是不斷受到破壞。

　　The finitude of forests

　　森林禁令

　　A scheme to save the worlds rainforests still seemstoo good to be true

　　拯救全球熱帶雨林的計(jì)劃仍然很難落實(shí)

　　AS THE heavens open, the canopy offers scantprotection from the downpour, so the orang-utanstear leaves off the trees to make pathetic littleumbrellas to hold over their heads. It is an endearingly human gesture but, as a means ofkeeping dry, almost entirely futile. And it is not just the rain that makes these creatures seemso helpless. The relentless destruction of their tropical-forest habitat has endangered theirentire species.

　　因頭頂沒(méi)有東西遮擋,每當(dāng)下大雨的時(shí)候,猩猩們都缺乏足夠的保護(hù),所以這些猩猩們只能從樹(shù)上扯下樹(shù)葉來(lái)做成小小的保護(hù)傘用來(lái)遮擋他們的頭.這是一個(gè)很可愛(ài)的類似人類的姿勢(shì),但是作為一種避雨的方式,它根本起不到什么作用.與此同時(shí),并不只是下雨才會(huì)讓這些生物像這樣無(wú)助.人類對(duì)熱帶雨林猩猩棲息地?zé)o情的破壞已經(jīng)使這些生物處于危險(xiǎn)的境地.

　　In Borneo, in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan, they can relax in a camp devotedto their welfare on the edge of the Tanjung Puting national park. But the park415,000hectares of protected tropical heath forest and peat forestis surrounded by oil-palmplantations. These orang-utans are refugees from forests cleared to make way for theplantations. Much as people like the creatures, and devotedly as conservationists work, the parkis not enough to stem their remorseless decline. There is too much money in palm oil, as wellas timber, coal, gold, zircon and the forests other vegetable and mineral riches.

　　在印度尼西亞婆羅洲島的中加里曼丹省，這些猩猩得以在丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園邊緣的營(yíng)地里放松。但是該公園415,000公頃受保護(hù)的熱帶森林和泥炭森林都是被棕櫚種植園包圍的.為了給棕櫚種植園騰出地方,在這森林中避難的猩猩都被趕走了.盡管人們喜歡這些生物,并致力于保護(hù)它們的工作,但是這個(gè)公園并不能阻止猩猩的不斷減少.棕櫚油有很大的價(jià)值,這森林中的木材、煤炭、黃金、鋯石、其他蔬菜和豐富的礦產(chǎn)也是如此。

　　Yet prospects for the orang-utans have recently looked up. Climate-change fears have drawnattention to the work forests do to sustain not just wildlife but the planet itself. The outlinesof a scheme under which developing countries would be paid not to cut down trees has beenagreed. Indonesia, for example, chafes at its reputation as the worlds third-biggest emitter ofcarbon . It has promised to cut its emissions by 26% by 2023 or, ifpromised foreign cash actually materialises, by 41%. It will achieve this in large measure byreducing deforestation.

　　這些猩猩的前景已經(jīng)可以預(yù)料。這些野生動(dòng)物對(duì)氣候變化的恐懼已經(jīng)引起了人們對(duì)它們所棲息森林的注意，使人們不但保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物本身，而且也保護(hù)它們所棲息的環(huán)境。所以人們提出了發(fā)展中國(guó)家必須為禁止砍伐樹(shù)木而得到補(bǔ)償?shù)挠?jì)劃，該計(jì)劃的大綱已經(jīng)得到批準(zhǔn)。以印度尼西亞為例，因?qū)κ澜绲谌蟮奶寂欧艊?guó)家這個(gè)排名感到氣惱，它已經(jīng)承諾在2023年之前把它的碳排放降低到26%。它將會(huì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)在很大程度上減少森林砍伐。

　　However, turning the schemeknown as ReducingEmissions from Deforestation and ForestDegradation, or REDDinto actual conservation isnot proving easy, either in Indonesia as a whole or inTanjung Puting in particular. Next to the park is astretch of peat-swamp forest, mostly degraded butrich in carbon. A Hong Kong firm called infiniteEARTH has earmarked this for a REDD project calledRimba Raya . Birut Galdikas, arenowned primatologist who has been studyingorang-utans in Tanjung Puting since 1971, isthrilled by the idea. Rescued orang-utans, of whom more than 300 are in her care centre inthe park, could be freed without danger to the wild population.

　　但是把這個(gè)被稱為減少森林砍伐與森林退化的排放計(jì)劃或REDD的計(jì)劃變成實(shí)際的保護(hù)并不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事，無(wú)論是在印度尼西亞整個(gè)國(guó)家或是丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園都是如此。與丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園相鄰的事一大片的泥炭沼澤森林，幾乎已經(jīng)退化但含有豐富的碳。一個(gè)稱為infinite EARTH 的香港公司把這個(gè)REDD項(xiàng)目稱為Rimba Raya。Birut Galdikas對(duì)該項(xiàng)目很贊賞，她是一位著名的靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物學(xué)家，她從1971年以來(lái)就開(kāi)始研究丹戎普丁國(guó)家公園的猩猩，在公園的中心由300多只猩猩在她的照料下可以安全地放回野生群體中。

　　Rimba Raya seems to offer many other benefits. Trees would be replanted or conserved; the forest wouldregenerate; some 10,000 people would benefit from community development projects suchas one to increase fishing yields. And the earth would be spared a huge amount of emittedcarbon: by one calculation, as much as 75m tonnes over the next 30 years. The projectsinvestors, including Gazprom, a Russian energy giant that has paid in advance for some carboncredits, think it will be lucrative. And it has passed most of a tough certification process.

　　Rimba Raya 似乎也帶來(lái)了許多別的利潤(rùn)。該森林中的樹(shù)木可以重新種植或被保護(hù);森林可以再生，10,000的人將會(huì)從地區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目中受益，諸如增加漁業(yè)收益就是其中一個(gè)例子。并且地球?qū)?huì)減少很多的碳排放：經(jīng)人估計(jì)，在今后的30年里將會(huì)減少75百萬(wàn)噸這么多。該項(xiàng)目的投資者也包括俄羅斯能源巨頭俄羅斯天然氣股份工業(yè)有限公司，該公司認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)目有利可圖，已經(jīng)提前支付了一些碳信用額，并且它已經(jīng)通過(guò)了艱難認(rèn)證程序中的大部分。

　　Yet Ms Galdikas is worried that the project may never happen. Three years on, the final land-use decree has yet to appear. The problem is one that will dog REDD. To win certification,Rimba Raya has to show that the forest is under genuine threat: no point in giving carboncredits for conserving trees and peatland that were not in danger anyway. In Rimba Rayascase, the threat is real enough. The area is subject to various overlapping concessions,including preliminary licences for conversion to palm-oil plantations. The holders of thoselicences, who have already invested in the concessions, are naturally reluctant to give them up.

　　但是Galdikas女士擔(dān)心該項(xiàng)目可能很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。三年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了，最終土地使用法令還是沒(méi)有頒發(fā)。這是一個(gè)會(huì)影響REDD項(xiàng)目的問(wèn)題，為了贏得認(rèn)證，Rimba Raya需要證明該森林是處于真正的危險(xiǎn)之中：沒(méi)有必要為保護(hù)樹(shù)和沒(méi)有任何危險(xiǎn)的泥炭地頒發(fā)碳信用. Rimba Raya項(xiàng)目并未給該地區(qū)構(gòu)成真正的威脅.該地區(qū)存在許多錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的優(yōu)惠,包括為棕櫚種植園開(kāi)發(fā)頒發(fā)初步的許可證，這些許可證的持有者已經(jīng)投資到這些優(yōu)惠當(dāng)中,所以他們實(shí)際上并不愿意放棄.

　　According to those following the project, this is a political battle in which the forces on the otherside have considerable muscle. It also reflects a broader struggle over REDD in Indonesiabeing fought at the national level. Last May Indonesias president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,announced a two-year moratorium on commercial deforestation starting on January 1stthis year. In return, Norway committed $1 billion for REDD payments.

　　根據(jù)跟進(jìn)這些項(xiàng)目的人說(shuō),這是一個(gè)政治斗爭(zhēng),并且另一方有相當(dāng)大的權(quán)利，它也反映出在印度尼西亞關(guān)于REDD方面的斗爭(zhēng)是全國(guó)范圍的。在去年5月份印度尼西亞的總統(tǒng)Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono宣布從今年1月份開(kāi)始進(jìn)行為期2年的禁止商業(yè)森林砍伐。挪威承諾為REDD支付1億美元作為補(bǔ)償。

　　By coincidence, Central Kalimantan has been pickedas the pilot province for the national REDD schemeagainst fierce competition from other placesscenting the cash on offer. Norway has alreadydisbursed $30m. It has helped to produce asuitcase-sized book of 280 maps that is bucklingthe desk in the Jakarta office of KuntoroMangkusubroto, head of Mr Yudhoyonos deliveryunit, who is entrusted with implementing REDD. Themaps are to be attached to a long-overduepresidential decree meant to formalise themoratorium. But both maps and decree are controversial. The maps show, in dark green,Indonesias virgin jungle and, in a lighter shade, the secondary forest which, in many places,surrounds it. In Mr Kuntoros favoured draft of the decree, the moratorium would cover all thegreen splodges. A rival draft, by the forestry ministry, would cover just virgin forestmuch ofwhich, activists say, is in theory protected anyway.

　　與此同時(shí),中加里曼丹為了贏得金錢在與其他地方激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝被選為全國(guó)REDD計(jì)劃的試點(diǎn)省.挪威已經(jīng)支付了30 百萬(wàn)美元給中加里曼丹.這些錢幫助中加里曼丹制造了一本含有280頁(yè)地圖的盒裝書(shū)，這書(shū)被放到Kuntoro Mangkusubroto所在的雅加達(dá)辦公室，在Yudhoyono先生之前，他被委托實(shí)施REDD計(jì)劃。該地圖附帶了一份被推遲了很久的總統(tǒng)法令，意思是想使禁令正式化。但是不管是地圖還是禁令都備受爭(zhēng)議。地圖上顯示，在印度尼西亞深綠色的原始森林周圍有一個(gè)比較淺的陰影，在那里有許多地方被再生林包圍。受Kuntoro先生歡迎的禁令草案是暫停砍伐的范圍包括所有綠色部分，而另外一份林業(yè)部的與之相對(duì)的草案，卻只包括原始森林。但是據(jù)活動(dòng)家所說(shuō)，不管是原始森林還是再生林，在理論上都應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)。

　　Money still grows on trees

　　錢仍然長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上

　　Both the Norwegians and Mr Kuntoro play down the importance of the delay in issuing thedecree, and indeed of the moratorium itself. They argue that it matters most as a means to anend: a radical overhaul of Indonesias land-use and forest-management systems. These havelong been riddled with corruption. Under the 32-year dictatorship of Suharto, which ended in1998, forest concessions became weapons in the armoury of crony capitalism. Such traditionsare hard to break.

　　挪威人和Kuntoro 先生都對(duì)推遲發(fā)行法令的重要性不太重視,實(shí)際上禁令本身也是如此.他們認(rèn)為這最重要的是作為一種達(dá)到目的的手段:是對(duì)印度尼西亞土地使用和森林管理系統(tǒng)的一次徹底的審查.它們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)充斥著貪污腐敗.在長(zhǎng)達(dá)32年并于1998年結(jié)束的的蘇哈托獨(dú)裁政權(quán)的統(tǒng)治下,森林優(yōu)惠變成了發(fā)展裙帶資本主義的有利武器, 這種傳統(tǒng)很難被打破.

　　Much hope is invested in Mr Kuntoro himself, perhaps Indonesias most respected civil servant.But success will depend on the political will of the president. Erik Solheim, Norways minister incharge of the environment and development, points to the encouraging example of Brazil,which has cut deforestation rates by 70% in five years. Indonesia, he concedes, is harder.Ms Galdikas knows what he means. They all talk a wonderful talk, she says, but the forestkeeps getting destroyed.

　　大部分希望還是要寄予Kuntoro先生自己，他或許是印度尼西亞最受尊敬的公民，但是要想成功的話還是要看該總統(tǒng)的政治意愿。Erik Solheim是挪威負(fù)責(zé)環(huán)境與發(fā)展的部長(zhǎng)，他提到了巴西這個(gè)鼓舞人心的榜樣，該國(guó)家在5年之內(nèi)把森林砍伐率降低了70%。印度尼西亞與之相比，他承認(rèn)： 可能會(huì)困難點(diǎn)。Galdikas女士明白她的意思. 他們只會(huì)說(shuō)漂亮話，她說(shuō)，但是森林還是不斷受到破壞。