四六級：四級詞匯課堂筆記第六課

　　關于逗號的一些知識

　　原則：逗號沒有能力連接兩個單獨的句子。

　　如何區分短語與句子?一個結構如果有完整的謂語部分就是句子。

　　何為完整的謂語部分?如果能判斷出一個結構的時態就可以稱這個結構為完整的謂語部分。

　　在什么樣的情況下一個逗號可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語呢?

　　1 兩個句子中間有連接詞連接;

　　2 這兩個句子是主從句關系(主從句之間一定要有句子引導詞來引導)。

　　10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.

　　A not being finished B not having finished

　　C had not been finished D was not finished

　　42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.

　　A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

　　51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.

　　A had been canceled B have been canceled

　　C were canceled D having been canceled

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　　46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.

　　A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

　　even if 即使，即便; so long as (后面加句子時)只要。

　　47. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.

　　A would leave B will have left C has left D had left

　　將來完成時：will have + 動詞過去分詞。

　　49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.

　　A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

　　sting v. (蜜蜂)叮，蟄; bite v. (蚊子等)咬; scratch vt. 抓傷，劃破(通常指貓抓人)。

　　once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。

　　50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.

　　A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

　　in vain 徒勞，白費工夫; But很少與介詞without聯用; at a loss 不知所措。

　　52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

　　A By B On C At D For

　　on后面加動詞ing形式表示在之后這個時間概念。

　　54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.

　　A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

　　should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應該做; may have + 動詞過去分詞，表示可能做過;

　　與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞的表達形式可能用到：would have + 動詞過去分詞。

　　must have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進行肯定推測。表示一定做過;

　　cant have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進行否定推測，表示不可能做過。

　　56. This crop does not do well in soils _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.

　　A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

　　outside prep. 在外邊; rather than 而不是(肯定前者，否定后者)。

　　beyond prep. 超出的范圍; beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢想。

　　other than 不同于，而非，當它與否定詞no或not出現在同一個句子中時表示除之外。

　　66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

　　A other than B more than C better than D rather than

　　63. My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.

　　A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling

　　be in no mood to do/doing sth. 沒有情緒(心情)做什么事情。

　　67. Im sorry I cant see you immediately; but if youd like to take a seat, Ill be with you _B_.

　　A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment

　　68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.

　　A than B more than C as D so much as

　　當否定詞not與so much as出現在同一句子中時，它們的含義是：與其說不如說

　　70. Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.

　　A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually

　　unceasingly adv. 不停止地，不休止地; gradually adv. 逐漸地，逐步地;= step by step.

　　continuously adv. 連續不斷地; continually adv. 時斷時續地。

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　　43. Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.

　　A densely B vastly C enormously D largely

　　densely populated 人口分布稠密; sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

　　52. _D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.

　　A None B Either C Both D Neither

　　none表示的是三者或三者以上都不; either表示的是兩者之間任意一者。

　　55. Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _A_ other musicians.

　　A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than

　　注意：具有比較意味的形容詞只需要與to搭配，而無須more, than。

　　58. She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.

　　A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient

　　anxious adj. 憂慮的，焦慮的; anxiety n. 焦慮，憂慮; effective adj. 有效的;

　　take effective measures 采取有效的措施; adequate adj. 充足的，足夠的;= surficient.

　　efficient adj. 效率高的，能勝任的。

　　64. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.

　　A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way

　　in the way 引導句子時表示在...方面。

　　170. Please move this chair, it is _A_.

　　A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way

　　in the way在沒有引導句子時表示擋路的，妨礙某人的。

　　67. In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.

　　A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt

　　考試中常見的幾個使役動詞：make, get, keep, leave.

　　考試中的形式：使役動詞 + sb. + ___ 此時空格處應填分詞

　　具體是要填現在還是過去分詞由空格前的sb.決定，

　　如果它是動作的發出者則填現在分詞，如果它是動作的承受者則填過去分詞。

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　　41. He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.

　　A after B by C at D during

　　介詞by引導時間狀語時一定與完成時態搭配。

　　45. His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.

　　A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

　　49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.

　　A blank B hollow C vacant D bare

　　blank adj. 空白的(因為沒寫字而空白); hollow adj. 空心的，中空的;

　　bare adj. 光突突的(山上沒有樹和草);沒帶首飾的; bald adj. 禿頂的。

　　50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.

　　A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to

　　owning to = due to 因為。

　　52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.

　　A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably

　　peculiar adj. 奇特的; indifferently adv. 冷漠地，不積極地;

　　vigorously adv. 強有力的，強勁有力的; inevitably adv. 不可避免地，必然地。

　　60. We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use

　　61. In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.

　　A store B provision C reserve D supply

　　in previous times 從前; fresh water 淡水; fresh meat 鮮肉; dove n. 鴿子;

　　bean curd 豆腐; Bible 圣經; bible 具有權威性的書; God 上帝; god 神。

　　62. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.

　　A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken

　　以下幾個表示指揮，命令的動詞：order, command, direct.

　　在引導賓語從句時從句要用 + 動詞原形來體現虛擬語氣。

　　63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.

　　A had come B coming C come D that came

　　65. I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

　　A to B on C at D in

　　to the point of 到了程度; on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事情;

　　at the point of 在某點上; when除了表示當時候外，還可以表示恰在此時或剛就

　　68. The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

　　A accomplished B being accomplished

　　C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

　　69. _C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.

　　A If being B It is C There is D There being

　　evidence表示證據，最大的特點是后面經常帶同位語從句說明證據的內容。

　　language-acquiring ability 語言習得能力。 evidence不用在it is 這種結構當中。

　　64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room.

　　A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away

　　order vt. 命令;訂購;整理，使有條理性; order ones thoughts 整理思路，整理思緒;

　　arrange v. 布置，安排; tidy up 整理，使整潔(后面通常加某個房間);

　　clear away 把清除掉。

　　67. A lorry _A_ Janes cat and sped away.

　　A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down

　　run over 撞倒并碾過; run into 不期然地遇到; run through 貫穿(多用于抽象事物);

　　run down 貶低; run down ones opinion.

　　70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.

　　A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied

　　rare books 珍藏本的書籍; appreciate 重視，欣賞，感激; approve 批準，通過，贊成;

　　approve of 贊成，滿意; apply 應用，運用;

　　appeal 呼吁(表示此意義時它經常于for搭配);申訴，上訴(表示此意義時它要于to搭配)。

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　　15. Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me?

　　A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in

　　C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in

　　pleasure n. 榮幸; 第二選項的正確形式應為：give me the pleasure of

　　C選項也可寫為：do me the favor of

　　18. _C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.

　　A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly

　　以下幾個引導詞都可以表示一就：as soon as, the instant, the moment.

　　25. Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.

　　A on B in C at D of

　　表示身體某一部位受傷用介詞in。 hit sb. in the face 打某人一個耳光。

　　28. Cork was angry; _D_ he listened to me.

　　A and B but C so D nevertheless

　　cork n. 軟木塞。 nevertheless conj. 盡管如此。

　　34. That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.

　　A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible

　　instrument n. 儀器，(彈奏的)樂器; delicate instrument 精密儀器。

　　delicate adj. 精密的，準確的; feeble adj. 軟弱的，無力的; sensible adj. 明智的;

　　sensitive adj. 敏感的; be sensitive to 對很敏感; feasible adj. 可行的，行得通的。

　　40. Lets begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.

　　A left off B left out C left to D left up

　　leave off 停止，中斷; leave out = omit 遺漏;

　　43. Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.

　　A consist; of B consist; from C consist; for D consist; in

　　consist of 包括; consist in(抽象意義的)在于 = lie in在于。

　　49. There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.

　　A but B which C that D unless

　　but用在否定句中并且后面引導一個句子時相當于that...not。

　　本句可改寫為這種形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.

　　50. Will you be able to finish the job this week? _D_.

　　A I dont know so B I cant say so C Im not sure so D I dont expect so

　　I dont expect so 恐怕不行。

　　394. I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow. Yes, I _D_.

　　A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too

　　395. I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broke. Oh, I _D_.

　　A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not

　　肯定用：I hope so. 否定用：I hope not.

　　51. She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a flight of stairs.

　　A of B from C with D for

　　die of 表示因年老，疾病或饑餓而死亡; die from 指因為受傷而死亡。

　　57. You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.

　　A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking