六級(jí)閱讀常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)解析（7）：主旨題

(1)主旨題提問(wèn)方式

The authors concern about sth is__________.

According to the passage, sth is

According to the author, sth is __________.

溫馨提醒：主旨題雖然所占比例比較小。但是由于往往需要讀完全篇才能做出答案，相對(duì)其他題型反而不易得出答案。所以，要想閱讀滿分或高分，對(duì)主旨題的把握，不可小覷哦~(2)主旨題解題方法

大部分文章都有主題句（topic sentence），主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，主題句定位法是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種：

A. 在開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)；

B. 在結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)；

C. 在開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，首尾呼應(yīng)；

有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。

(3)真題示例

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.(cet6, 2008.12)According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.

A. how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB. how to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC. how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD. how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨?xì)w納題。原文提到：對(duì)于按照假想的種族優(yōu)劣來(lái)排斥某些民眾的愚蠢想法，我們?cè)缇鸵呀?jīng)非常熟悉。但是，我們并不了解如何才能使美國(guó)化這一進(jìn)程對(duì)所有人都行之有效。由此推知，B正式作者最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。

【注意】主旨題一般都不會(huì)只根據(jù)某一句話就能做出題目。而是要根據(jù)幾句話或者好幾個(gè)點(diǎn)的文章知識(shí)匯總歸納后得出結(jié)論。所以，一旦察覺(jué)這道題是主旨題，不妨不要急著去做，先跳過(guò)，等讀完全篇文章或做完所有題目再做主旨題。

Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.

Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. TheU.S.takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.

A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年醫(yī)保受惠人）. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctorstwo primary care physicians and five specialistsin a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.

How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed (返還費(fèi)用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.

Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduatedU.S.medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.

How do we fix this problem?

It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.

Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.

Who will be there to treat them?

The authors chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is __________.

A. the inadequate training of physicians

B. the declining number of doctors

C. the shrinking primary care resources

D. the ever-rising health care costs

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章首先指出美國(guó)的初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師日益減少及初級(jí)護(hù)理行業(yè)的退步，然后分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因，最后提出了解決問(wèn)題的方法。由此不難看出，作者主要關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是日益減少的初級(jí)護(hù)理資源。

》》點(diǎn)擊查看六級(jí)閱讀常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)解析匯總

(1)主旨題提問(wèn)方式

The authors concern about sth is__________.

According to the passage, sth is

According to the author, sth is __________.

溫馨提醒：主旨題雖然所占比例比較小。但是由于往往需要讀完全篇才能做出答案，相對(duì)其他題型反而不易得出答案。所以，要想閱讀滿分或高分，對(duì)主旨題的把握，不可小覷哦~(2)主旨題解題方法

大部分文章都有主題句（topic sentence），主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，主題句定位法是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種：

A. 在開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)；

B. 在結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)；

C. 在開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，首尾呼應(yīng)；

有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。

(3)真題示例

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.(cet6, 2008.12)According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.

A. how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB. how to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC. how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD. how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨?xì)w納題。原文提到：對(duì)于按照假想的種族優(yōu)劣來(lái)排斥某些民眾的愚蠢想法，我們?cè)缇鸵呀?jīng)非常熟悉。但是，我們并不了解如何才能使美國(guó)化這一進(jìn)程對(duì)所有人都行之有效。由此推知，B正式作者最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。

【注意】主旨題一般都不會(huì)只根據(jù)某一句話就能做出題目。而是要根據(jù)幾句話或者好幾個(gè)點(diǎn)的文章知識(shí)匯總歸納后得出結(jié)論。所以，一旦察覺(jué)這道題是主旨題，不妨不要急著去做，先跳過(guò)，等讀完全篇文章或做完所有題目再做主旨題。

Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.

Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. TheU.S.takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.

A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年醫(yī)保受惠人）. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctorstwo primary care physicians and five specialistsin a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.

How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed (返還費(fèi)用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.

Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduatedU.S.medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.

How do we fix this problem?

It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.

Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.

Who will be there to treat them?

The authors chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is __________.

A. the inadequate training of physicians

B. the declining number of doctors

C. the shrinking primary care resources

D. the ever-rising health care costs

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章首先指出美國(guó)的初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師日益減少及初級(jí)護(hù)理行業(yè)的退步，然后分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因，最后提出了解決問(wèn)題的方法。由此不難看出，作者主要關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是日益減少的初級(jí)護(hù)理資源。

》》點(diǎn)擊查看六級(jí)閱讀常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)解析匯總