淘金高階英語六級巔峰閱讀 篇章閱讀17：智力測試
篇章閱讀17：智力測試
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated.intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However. paradoxically. just recently a group of black parents filed lawsuit(訴訟)in California claiming that the states ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test The judge, therefore. reversed, at least partially. his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting. even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence. or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a childs physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago. for instance, white families were encouraged co adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence. in our opinion, the more we know about any childs intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
參考譯文
無論是什么背景的孩子，都應當保證受到公平的對待，當學校和其他機構對此都相當關心的時候，智力測試變得不流行了。
有人認為智力測試對于少數民族孩子是不公平的。在過去的幾十年里這種測試已經不再時髦，在很多社區實際上已經被禁止。
然而，反常的是，在加利福尼亞，最近就有一群黑人父母提起訴訟，認為州政府禁止智商測試使他們的孩子得不到這種測試的機會，是對他們孩子的歧視。(他們正確地認為，智商測試是判斷孩子是否適合特殊教育的一種有效方法。)因此法官至少是部分撤消了原判。
這種爭論就這樣不斷地繼續下去。對少數民族的孩子來說，智力測試對他們有益還是有害?我們一直都對這種測試持支持的態度，甚至推動其實施。任何一種膚色或種族的孩子如果在學校表現不佳，對于我們來說，知道這是因為他或她的智力低下，還是別的什么原因是很重要的。
為了改變孩子表現不佳，學校和家庭所能做的事情會受到這種的原因的影響。評價孩子的身體條件或智力水平不是歧視。
令人遺憾的是，智力水平似乎是一個敏感的話題，而法律允許我們做的事情也會隨時間的變化而變化。同樣的反復也會出現在智力以外的其他領域。比如，大約在30年以前，白人家庭得到鼓勵收養黑人兒童。否則就被認為是有種族歧視之嫌。
后來這種時尚改變了，這種跨種族的收養一般不再流行，社會機構認為，黑人孩子只應回到黑人家庭。很難說什么方式是最好的，但是肯定需要我們所有人都表現出善意。
就智力而言，我們的觀點是，我們對任一個孩子的智力水平了解得越多，對這個孩子就越有利。
測試題
1. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
2. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to
A) draw public attention to IQ testing
B) put an end to special education
C) remove the states ban on intelligence tests
D) have their children enter white schools
3. The author believes that intelligence testing_____________.
A) may ease racial confrontation in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children s education
4. The authors opinion of child adoption seems to be that________________.
A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
5. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that_________________.
A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B)social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
選項翻譯與答案詳解
1.過去的幾十年當中，為什么智力測驗不受歡迎?
A)很多社群質疑智力測驗的有效性。
B)智力測驗被視作歧視少數兒童。
C)智力測驗受到了來自大多數黑人父母的反對。
D)智力測驗剝奪了黑人孩子受良好教育的權利。
根據文章第2段 有些人認為智力測驗對少數民族兒童不公平。因此，在過去的幾十年里，智力測驗已不再流行，在有些社區甚至被禁止了 ，這里的it指代前面的intelligence testing。因此，B與文章所表達的意思一致。
2.最近一些加州的黑人父母采取的法律行動是旨在__________________。
A)引起大眾對智力測驗的關注 B)結束特殊教育
C)消除加州的智力測驗禁令 D)讓自己的孩子進入白人學校就讀
根據文章第3段第2句 最近，一群黑人父母提出訴訟，聲稱該州禁止智商測驗剝奪了他們的孩子接受這種測驗的機會，是對孩子的歧視 ，由此可判斷黑人父母要求取消對智力測試的禁令。故此，應該選C。
3.作者認為智力測驗________________。
A)會緩和美國的種族對抗
B)能夠鼓勵黑人孩子趕上白人該子
C)會嚴重地激化美國的種族歧視
D)可以幫助黑人家長決定孩子的教育問題
根據文章第4段末句和第5段首句 如果任何一種膚色的小孩在學校的成績不好，弄清楚是由于他的智商低.還是由于其他原因引起的對我們來說似乎很重要;學校和家庭只有弄清楚孩子成績不好的原因才能幫助孩子 ，因此，應選D。
4.作者對于收養兒童的意見似乎是____________________。
A)沒有什么法則可出臺 B)白人家庭應該收養黑人孩子
C)收養應該基于智力測驗的結果之上 D)應該倡導跨種族收養
根據文章第7段末句 因此，很難說到底怎樣才是最好的。但肯定無疑的是，我們大家都需要有善意 ，由此可推斷，人們并不能制定某種規則來限制它，故此，A與文章的意思相符。
5.文章中提到收養兒童是為了顯示_______________。
A)良好的意愿有的時候會將種族問題復雜化
B)社會環境對于兒童的健康成長至關重要
C)智力測驗對于非學術領域也同樣適用
D)美國人對于敏感議題的意見會發生變化
文章第6段前兩句，作者提出 智商水平似乎是個敏感的問題。法律允許我們不時改變觀點。在智商以外的其他領域也存在著這種來來回回不斷變化的情況 ，兒童收養問題只是作者舉的一個例子，旨在說明在一些敏感問題上，人們的觀點可以不斷變化的情況。故選D。
篇章閱讀17：智力測試
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated.intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However. paradoxically. just recently a group of black parents filed lawsuit(訴訟)in California claiming that the states ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test The judge, therefore. reversed, at least partially. his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting. even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence. or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a childs physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago. for instance, white families were encouraged co adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence. in our opinion, the more we know about any childs intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
參考譯文
無論是什么背景的孩子，都應當保證受到公平的對待，當學校和其他機構對此都相當關心的時候，智力測試變得不流行了。
有人認為智力測試對于少數民族孩子是不公平的。在過去的幾十年里這種測試已經不再時髦，在很多社區實際上已經被禁止。
然而，反常的是，在加利福尼亞，最近就有一群黑人父母提起訴訟，認為州政府禁止智商測試使他們的孩子得不到這種測試的機會，是對他們孩子的歧視。(他們正確地認為，智商測試是判斷孩子是否適合特殊教育的一種有效方法。)因此法官至少是部分撤消了原判。
這種爭論就這樣不斷地繼續下去。對少數民族的孩子來說，智力測試對他們有益還是有害?我們一直都對這種測試持支持的態度，甚至推動其實施。任何一種膚色或種族的孩子如果在學校表現不佳，對于我們來說，知道這是因為他或她的智力低下，還是別的什么原因是很重要的。
為了改變孩子表現不佳，學校和家庭所能做的事情會受到這種的原因的影響。評價孩子的身體條件或智力水平不是歧視。
令人遺憾的是，智力水平似乎是一個敏感的話題，而法律允許我們做的事情也會隨時間的變化而變化。同樣的反復也會出現在智力以外的其他領域。比如，大約在30年以前，白人家庭得到鼓勵收養黑人兒童。否則就被認為是有種族歧視之嫌。
后來這種時尚改變了，這種跨種族的收養一般不再流行，社會機構認為，黑人孩子只應回到黑人家庭。很難說什么方式是最好的，但是肯定需要我們所有人都表現出善意。
就智力而言，我們的觀點是，我們對任一個孩子的智力水平了解得越多，對這個孩子就越有利。
測試題
1. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
2. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to
A) draw public attention to IQ testing
B) put an end to special education
C) remove the states ban on intelligence tests
D) have their children enter white schools
3. The author believes that intelligence testing_____________.
A) may ease racial confrontation in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children s education
4. The authors opinion of child adoption seems to be that________________.
A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
5. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that_________________.
A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B)social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
選項翻譯與答案詳解
1.過去的幾十年當中，為什么智力測驗不受歡迎?
A)很多社群質疑智力測驗的有效性。
B)智力測驗被視作歧視少數兒童。
C)智力測驗受到了來自大多數黑人父母的反對。
D)智力測驗剝奪了黑人孩子受良好教育的權利。
根據文章第2段 有些人認為智力測驗對少數民族兒童不公平。因此，在過去的幾十年里，智力測驗已不再流行，在有些社區甚至被禁止了 ，這里的it指代前面的intelligence testing。因此，B與文章所表達的意思一致。
2.最近一些加州的黑人父母采取的法律行動是旨在__________________。
A)引起大眾對智力測驗的關注 B)結束特殊教育
C)消除加州的智力測驗禁令 D)讓自己的孩子進入白人學校就讀
根據文章第3段第2句 最近，一群黑人父母提出訴訟，聲稱該州禁止智商測驗剝奪了他們的孩子接受這種測驗的機會，是對孩子的歧視 ，由此可判斷黑人父母要求取消對智力測試的禁令。故此，應該選C。
3.作者認為智力測驗________________。
A)會緩和美國的種族對抗
B)能夠鼓勵黑人孩子趕上白人該子
C)會嚴重地激化美國的種族歧視
D)可以幫助黑人家長決定孩子的教育問題
根據文章第4段末句和第5段首句 如果任何一種膚色的小孩在學校的成績不好，弄清楚是由于他的智商低.還是由于其他原因引起的對我們來說似乎很重要;學校和家庭只有弄清楚孩子成績不好的原因才能幫助孩子 ，因此，應選D。
4.作者對于收養兒童的意見似乎是____________________。
A)沒有什么法則可出臺 B)白人家庭應該收養黑人孩子
C)收養應該基于智力測驗的結果之上 D)應該倡導跨種族收養
根據文章第7段末句 因此，很難說到底怎樣才是最好的。但肯定無疑的是，我們大家都需要有善意 ，由此可推斷，人們并不能制定某種規則來限制它，故此，A與文章的意思相符。
5.文章中提到收養兒童是為了顯示_______________。
A)良好的意愿有的時候會將種族問題復雜化
B)社會環境對于兒童的健康成長至關重要
C)智力測驗對于非學術領域也同樣適用
D)美國人對于敏感議題的意見會發生變化
文章第6段前兩句，作者提出 智商水平似乎是個敏感的問題。法律允許我們不時改變觀點。在智商以外的其他領域也存在著這種來來回回不斷變化的情況 ，兒童收養問題只是作者舉的一個例子，旨在說明在一些敏感問題上，人們的觀點可以不斷變化的情況。故選D。
