2023考研英語閱讀航空運輸業
Aviation
航空運輸業
Ghost at the feast
宴會上的幽靈
Airlines stand to lose heavily should the eurocollapse
一旦歐元崩潰，航空公司需面臨其帶來的慘重損失
MEETINGS of airline bosses are rarely cheerful events, profits being tighter than leg room ineconomy.
航空公司老板們的商務會議鮮有高興的事，該領域的利潤比經濟艙那放腳空間還要拮據。
But this year s annual gathering of the International Air Transport Association should havebeen different.
但是今年國際航空運輸協會的年度聚會應該會有所不同。
For a start, the airlines umbrella group picked the most promising market to host thepow-wow, which was held in Beijing.
首先，航空公司的傘型集團選擇了在最有前景市場的北京來主持舉辦這次會晤。
Not only is air travel booming within and from China, but the country s airlines also made halfof all global profits last year.
不僅是中國國內、國際航空旅行的蓬勃發展，而且該國航空公司去年賺到了全球航空領域一半的利潤。
But as IATA delegates assembled for their gala dinner on June 11th at the Great Hall of thePeople in Tiananmen Square,
但是6月11日，當國際航空運輸協會代表們在天安門廣場人民大會堂里齊聚一堂共度晚宴時，
there was a ghost at the feast.
宴會上存在一個幽靈。
The topic on most people s minds was not the dozens of airports to be opened this decade inChina, nor the quarter of a trillion dollars the host country is spending to become an aviationand aerospace superpower.
大多數人考慮關注的話題不在于中國數十個機場將在本年代陸續開放，也不在于該主辦國將花費數萬億美元的四分之一即成為航空航天的超級大國。
On the contrary, all eyes werefocused on the spectre of financial chaos in Europe.
相反，所有的目光都聚焦著對歐洲經融危機帶來的恐慌和憂慮。
The euro zone s troubles have already pushed many European carriers into the red.
這次歐元區的危機已使得許多歐洲航空公司財政赤字。
IATA predicts that there is a serious risk of bankruptcies.
國際航空運輸協會預測存在著一個破產的嚴重風險。
Indeed, Malev and Spainair, two fair-sized European airlines, have already gone bust.
實際上，匈牙利航空和西班牙航空這兩家一般規模的歐洲航空公司已經破產。
Several big airline groups, notably Air France-KLM, are trying to make deep cuts. The globalindustry s after-tax profits are forecast to fall from $7.9 billion in 2011 to $3 billion this year;that is just 0.5% of revenue.
幾大航空公司團體，特別是法航-荷航正試圖大幅削減。全球行業內的稅后利潤預計將從2011年的79億美元降低到今年的30億，這僅僅是國家財政收入的0.5%。
And if the euro collapses?
那如果歐元崩潰了呢?
It would be worse than 9/11, says Willie Walsh, the boss of IAG, which owns British Airwaysand Iberia.
擁有英國航空公司和伊比利亞航空的國際航空集團老板威利沃爾什聲稱，這個比例將不到9/11。
Things feel all the worse because 2023 might otherwise have been a good year.
有些事情感覺反而更糟，這是因為2023年或許在其他方面將會是美好的一年。
Oil prices have moderated of late. Global passenger traffic has risen by 6%, faster than thelong-term trend.
石油價格近來已經回落。全球客流量上升了6%，上升速度超過了長期趨勢。
Freight contracted in 2011, but is reviving in many markets.
2011就簽下了貨運合同，在許多市場這僅僅正在復蘇之中。
Asset utilisation is 79%, up from 74% in 2009.
資產利用率從2009年的74%上升到了79%。
Planes are relatively full, especially in America.
飛機相對完整,尤其是在美國。
That said, the industry faces three risks besides a European meltdown.
這就是說，該行業除了歐洲金融危機將面臨三大風險。
First, an oil-supply shockresulting from an Iranian crisis, saywould send fuel pricessharply up again and wipe out profits.
首先是伊朗危機下的石油供應沖擊，這將使得燃料價格再次飆升，削減行業利潤。
Some airlines, including KLM, are investing in biofuels, but full commercialisation looks adecade away.
包括荷航在內的一些航空公司正在投資于生物燃料，但是者想要完全商業化可能還需要十年時間。
Others use financial hedges, but these are pricey and can backfire if oil prices drop.
另一些航空公司則使用金融對沖基金，但是這是相當昂貴的而且如果石油價格下降的話可能適得其反。
Delta is even now finalising a deal to buy an oil refinery.
美國達美航空公司甚至現在正在最終敲定一項購買一個煉油廠的協議。
The second risk arises from the flood of new planes due to be delivered shortly.
第二個風險滋生于即將大量交付使用的新飛機。
Production snags at both Airbus and Boeing have kept capacity tighter than planned.
空中客車公司和波音公司的生產障礙在于比原計劃保證其客容量需更加嚴格。
If everyone uses their new planes to expand capacity, rather than to replace clunkers,there could be a lot of empty seats.
如果所有的人都使用他們的新飛機來擴大產能，而不是更換舊機的話則可能會有很多空位。
The final threat pits ghost against host.
最后的威脅是針對這次主辦方的。
The European Commission s inclusion of greenhouse gases from aviation in itsemissions-trading scheme is opposed by over 30 countries,
歐盟委員會在它提出的碳排放交易計劃中關于來至航空溫室氣體混合物這點有超過30個國家反對，
of which China is the most defiant.
對此中國是最肆無忌憚的。
If a compromise is not found, European countries must levy hefty fines on offenders andmay seize aircraftwhich could set off a trade war.
如果沒有找到一個妥協之處，歐洲各國必定會對其違規者征收巨額罰款，而且可能會扣押飛機，這必將引起一場貿易戰。
On June 12th the China Air Transport Association, which represents Chinese carriers, said thatChina would retaliate with similar measures.
6月12日，代表中國航空公司的中國航空運輸協會聲明：中國將采取相似的措施以作為回應。
The Chinese government has forbidden its airlines from participating in the ETS.
中國政府已經禁止其航空公司參與該碳排放交易計劃。
It has even threatened to cancel orders placed by its airlines with Airbus.
它甚至還威脅要取消其航空公司與空中客車公司的訂單。
No coincidence, then, that this week s banquet was paid for by the Europeanaircraftmaker.
那么本周的宴會是由歐洲的飛機制造商贊助的，這也并非偶然。
The Chinese appear unbowed.
中國看起來似乎不會屈服。
詞語解釋
1.collapse v.倒塌;崩潰
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房頂在雪的重壓下突然坍塌下來。
2.association n.協會;社團;聯想
Have you joined the teachers association?
你加入教師協會了嗎?
3.delegate n.代表
Babbitt was an official delegate.
巴比特是一名正式代表。
4.aerospace n.宇宙空間;航空航天學
He was a pioneer of china s aerospace industry.
他是中國航天工業的拓荒者。
5.predict v.預言;預報;預知
It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.
精確預言未來的事實際上是辦不到的。
Aviation
航空運輸業
Ghost at the feast
宴會上的幽靈
Airlines stand to lose heavily should the eurocollapse
一旦歐元崩潰，航空公司需面臨其帶來的慘重損失
MEETINGS of airline bosses are rarely cheerful events, profits being tighter than leg room ineconomy.
航空公司老板們的商務會議鮮有高興的事，該領域的利潤比經濟艙那放腳空間還要拮據。
But this year s annual gathering of the International Air Transport Association should havebeen different.
但是今年國際航空運輸協會的年度聚會應該會有所不同。
For a start, the airlines umbrella group picked the most promising market to host thepow-wow, which was held in Beijing.
首先，航空公司的傘型集團選擇了在最有前景市場的北京來主持舉辦這次會晤。
Not only is air travel booming within and from China, but the country s airlines also made halfof all global profits last year.
不僅是中國國內、國際航空旅行的蓬勃發展，而且該國航空公司去年賺到了全球航空領域一半的利潤。
But as IATA delegates assembled for their gala dinner on June 11th at the Great Hall of thePeople in Tiananmen Square,
但是6月11日，當國際航空運輸協會代表們在天安門廣場人民大會堂里齊聚一堂共度晚宴時，
there was a ghost at the feast.
宴會上存在一個幽靈。
The topic on most people s minds was not the dozens of airports to be opened this decade inChina, nor the quarter of a trillion dollars the host country is spending to become an aviationand aerospace superpower.
大多數人考慮關注的話題不在于中國數十個機場將在本年代陸續開放，也不在于該主辦國將花費數萬億美元的四分之一即成為航空航天的超級大國。
On the contrary, all eyes werefocused on the spectre of financial chaos in Europe.
相反，所有的目光都聚焦著對歐洲經融危機帶來的恐慌和憂慮。
The euro zone s troubles have already pushed many European carriers into the red.
這次歐元區的危機已使得許多歐洲航空公司財政赤字。
IATA predicts that there is a serious risk of bankruptcies.
國際航空運輸協會預測存在著一個破產的嚴重風險。
Indeed, Malev and Spainair, two fair-sized European airlines, have already gone bust.
實際上，匈牙利航空和西班牙航空這兩家一般規模的歐洲航空公司已經破產。
Several big airline groups, notably Air France-KLM, are trying to make deep cuts. The globalindustry s after-tax profits are forecast to fall from $7.9 billion in 2011 to $3 billion this year;that is just 0.5% of revenue.
幾大航空公司團體，特別是法航-荷航正試圖大幅削減。全球行業內的稅后利潤預計將從2011年的79億美元降低到今年的30億，這僅僅是國家財政收入的0.5%。
And if the euro collapses?
那如果歐元崩潰了呢?
It would be worse than 9/11, says Willie Walsh, the boss of IAG, which owns British Airwaysand Iberia.
擁有英國航空公司和伊比利亞航空的國際航空集團老板威利沃爾什聲稱，這個比例將不到9/11。
Things feel all the worse because 2023 might otherwise have been a good year.
有些事情感覺反而更糟，這是因為2023年或許在其他方面將會是美好的一年。
Oil prices have moderated of late. Global passenger traffic has risen by 6%, faster than thelong-term trend.
石油價格近來已經回落。全球客流量上升了6%，上升速度超過了長期趨勢。
Freight contracted in 2011, but is reviving in many markets.
2011就簽下了貨運合同，在許多市場這僅僅正在復蘇之中。
Asset utilisation is 79%, up from 74% in 2009.
資產利用率從2009年的74%上升到了79%。
Planes are relatively full, especially in America.
飛機相對完整,尤其是在美國。
That said, the industry faces three risks besides a European meltdown.
這就是說，該行業除了歐洲金融危機將面臨三大風險。
First, an oil-supply shockresulting from an Iranian crisis, saywould send fuel pricessharply up again and wipe out profits.
首先是伊朗危機下的石油供應沖擊，這將使得燃料價格再次飆升，削減行業利潤。
Some airlines, including KLM, are investing in biofuels, but full commercialisation looks adecade away.
包括荷航在內的一些航空公司正在投資于生物燃料，但是者想要完全商業化可能還需要十年時間。
Others use financial hedges, but these are pricey and can backfire if oil prices drop.
另一些航空公司則使用金融對沖基金，但是這是相當昂貴的而且如果石油價格下降的話可能適得其反。
Delta is even now finalising a deal to buy an oil refinery.
美國達美航空公司甚至現在正在最終敲定一項購買一個煉油廠的協議。
The second risk arises from the flood of new planes due to be delivered shortly.
第二個風險滋生于即將大量交付使用的新飛機。
Production snags at both Airbus and Boeing have kept capacity tighter than planned.
空中客車公司和波音公司的生產障礙在于比原計劃保證其客容量需更加嚴格。
If everyone uses their new planes to expand capacity, rather than to replace clunkers,there could be a lot of empty seats.
如果所有的人都使用他們的新飛機來擴大產能，而不是更換舊機的話則可能會有很多空位。
The final threat pits ghost against host.
最后的威脅是針對這次主辦方的。
The European Commission s inclusion of greenhouse gases from aviation in itsemissions-trading scheme is opposed by over 30 countries,
歐盟委員會在它提出的碳排放交易計劃中關于來至航空溫室氣體混合物這點有超過30個國家反對，
of which China is the most defiant.
對此中國是最肆無忌憚的。
If a compromise is not found, European countries must levy hefty fines on offenders andmay seize aircraftwhich could set off a trade war.
如果沒有找到一個妥協之處，歐洲各國必定會對其違規者征收巨額罰款，而且可能會扣押飛機，這必將引起一場貿易戰。
On June 12th the China Air Transport Association, which represents Chinese carriers, said thatChina would retaliate with similar measures.
6月12日，代表中國航空公司的中國航空運輸協會聲明：中國將采取相似的措施以作為回應。
The Chinese government has forbidden its airlines from participating in the ETS.
中國政府已經禁止其航空公司參與該碳排放交易計劃。
It has even threatened to cancel orders placed by its airlines with Airbus.
它甚至還威脅要取消其航空公司與空中客車公司的訂單。
No coincidence, then, that this week s banquet was paid for by the Europeanaircraftmaker.
那么本周的宴會是由歐洲的飛機制造商贊助的，這也并非偶然。
The Chinese appear unbowed.
中國看起來似乎不會屈服。
詞語解釋
1.collapse v.倒塌;崩潰
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房頂在雪的重壓下突然坍塌下來。
2.association n.協會;社團;聯想
Have you joined the teachers association?
你加入教師協會了嗎?
3.delegate n.代表
Babbitt was an official delegate.
巴比特是一名正式代表。
4.aerospace n.宇宙空間;航空航天學
He was a pioneer of china s aerospace industry.
他是中國航天工業的拓荒者。
5.predict v.預言;預報;預知
It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.
精確預言未來的事實際上是辦不到的。
