2023考研英語閱讀印度太陽能
Solar power in India
印度太陽能
Waiting for the sun
等待著艷陽
Is the sun the answer to India s energy problems?
太陽能是印度能源問題的解決辦法嗎?
ON A salt plain near the border with Pakistan lies half a billion dollars worth of solar-energykit paid for by firms from all over the world.
靠近巴基斯坦邊界的一塊鹽地，安裝了來自全球的公司價值五億美元的太陽能設備。
A million panels stretch as far as the eye can see.
目所能及的就有一百萬塊太陽能板了。
Past a dishevelled brass band is atent crammed with 5,000 people who cheer when Narendra Modi, the chief minister ofGujarat, declares the solar park open:
穿過一群散亂的銅管樂隊就是一個擠滿了正在歡慶的5000人帳篷區(qū)，此時，古吉拉特邦的首席部長納倫德拉莫迪宣布太陽能電廠正式運行，
I pray, sun god, that today Gujarat will show the way to the rest of the world for solarenergy.
我希望太陽神庇護我們，今天古吉拉特邦將向世界其他地方展示通向太陽能的道路。
Despite the uncomfortable cult of personality around Mr Modi, Gujarat is an easy place todo business.
除了對莫迪的個人崇拜令人感到不舒服外，古吉拉特邦還是一個容易經(jīng)商的地方。
And solar power would appear to be an obvious winner for India.
而太陽能仿佛令印度成為了最大的贏家。
The country has plenty of sun and flat, idle land.
印度境內(nèi)有充沛的陽光和許多平坦閑置的用地。
India is energy-hungry, but electricity supply is sporadic.
而它又是一個能源缺乏的國家，電力供應時常不足。
Costly diesel generators are popular. Solar power could replace them.
連昂貴的柴油發(fā)電機在這里也很暢銷。
And solar parks, which look like giant Lego kits, are easier to build than conventional powerplants.
這方面太陽能可以替代。至于看上去像巨大的樂高積木桶的太陽能發(fā)電廠，比起建造傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)電廠要容易多。
The new park, in a place called Charanka, has just over 200 megawatts of capacity running,making it the biggest site in India.
最新的電廠，建在Charanka，擁有超過200兆瓦發(fā)電量，使其成為印度最大的電力廠。
It took 16 months to build. No one builds nuclear power stations nearly that fast.
它花了16個月去建造，沒有人能用這速度建造出原子能發(fā)電站。
Two other factors make an Indian solar boom seem possible.
還有兩個原因使印度的太陽能得到廣泛使用成為可能。
Conventional energy generation, which in India means burning cheap but dirty local coal, is amess.
傳統(tǒng)能源的生產(chǎn)十分混亂，在印度是通過燃燒便宜但污染大的煤炭來發(fā)電的。
Power stations charge local electricity boards 3-4 rupees per kilowatt hour.
發(fā)電站以每度電約3~4盧比賣給當?shù)氐墓╇娋帧?/p>
The state coal monopoly is unable to dig up enough of the black stuff, forcing power firms tobuy pricier imported coal.
國家壟斷了煤炭，卻無法開采足夠的量，這迫使能源公司購買更貴的進口煤炭。
Hopes that India might find abundant natural gas off its coast have been dashed.
印度期望能在遠離海岸線的地方找到豐富的天然氣的愿望已經(jīng)破滅。
Many observers think the price of conventional power will have to rise to 5-6 rupees.
許多觀測者認為傳統(tǒng)能源價格將上升5~6盧比。
Meanwhile, the cost of solar equipment has fallen by a third since 2010, reckons Alan Roslingof Kiran Energy,
與此同時，一間由美國私募基金注資的太陽能公司Kiran能源的阿蘭?羅斯林指出，自2010年以后，
a solar firm backed by American private equity.
太陽能裝備的花費已經(jīng)下降了三分之一。
Cheaper solar and pricier conventional power have persuaded many that solar will soon becompetitive without subsidies.
相對便宜的太陽能與較貴的傳統(tǒng)能源令更多的人在沒有補貼的情況下仍選擇更有競爭力的太陽能。
V. Saibaba, the boss of Lanco Solar, a firm that makes and operates solar parks, says that by2023 Indian solar will match the price of conventional electricity.
負責建造與運營太陽能發(fā)電廠的蘭科太陽能公司的領導V. Saibaba說，到2023年印度的太陽能價格將接近傳統(tǒng)電力的價格。
That should mean a building boom.
這意味著太陽能發(fā)電廠的建造潮將到來。
Sunil Gupta of Standard Chartered, a bank, reckons India s share of new global solarinstallations will rise from 1% this year to 5% by 2023.
渣打銀行的Sunil Gupta指出，印度的太陽能設備安裝量在全球的份額將從今年的1%上升到2023年的5%。
India s central government has set a target for 20,000MW of installed solar generation by2023, from under 1,000MW today.
印度政府設定了一個指標，到2023年，安裝的太陽能發(fā)電量將從現(xiàn)在的1000百萬瓦以下上升到20,000百萬瓦。
That would still represent a miserly 5% or less of total power-generation capacity in India,
這顯得有點保守，因為這只是印度總發(fā)電量的5%，甚至更少。
and cost perhaps $30 billion-40 billion to builda fraction of the investment in new coal-firedplants.
投資約300億美元~400億美元去建造太陽能發(fā)電廠，而這只是相當于投資于新建的火力發(fā)電站的一小部分。
So plenty of folk think the official target will be smashed.
所以很多人認為官方目標將難以達成。
D.J. Pandian, a civil servant in charge of energy policy in Gujarat, believes his state alone willeasily reach 10,000MW of capacity in a decade.
D.J. Pandian，一位負責古吉拉特邦能源問題的官員則相信，單單古吉拉特邦在十年內(nèi)就將輕易地達到10,000百萬瓦的發(fā)電量。
But not everyone agrees.
但不是每一個人都認同。
Half of these plants won t be here in ten years, says a German boss at the new solarparkbad news,
這些廠的一半在十年內(nèi)都不會建在這里，一位在新的太陽能發(fā)電廠的德國領導說。
since the contracts are for 25 years.
他指出，壞消息是，因為合同是25年，
Too many firms have cut corners, he reckons.
導致太多公司節(jié)省成本。
A Chinese executive raises his eyebrows at India s plans to force solar firms to buy someequipment locally.
一位中國執(zhí)行官聽了印度計劃迫使太陽能公司購買當?shù)氐哪承┰O備后揚起了眉毛。
The supply chain and economies of scale are not there, he says.
供應鏈以及經(jīng)濟規(guī)模還不理想。他說。
An American manager scoffs: We ve all been coming to India for years and they ll never getthere
一位美國經(jīng)理調(diào)侃到，我們?nèi)縼碛《纫呀?jīng)多年了，清楚他們還沒有達到那程度，
They don t have the infrastructure.
他們沒有基礎設施。
The difficulty of getting plugged into the grid and a shortage of water to clean panels arecommon worries.
難以接入電網(wǎng)以及因水的短缺而致難以清理太陽能板是常見的憂慮。
Solar faces two other problems.
太陽能普及面對兩個問題。
First, Gujarat s state government has guaranteed high prices of 15 rupees for the first 12years of operation to solar producers,
第一個是，古吉拉特邦的政府要求確保太陽能生產(chǎn)商每度電15盧比的高價，作為第一個12年內(nèi)的運營成本，
which should mean they make money.
這也意味著他們可以盈利。
But at the national level there is a separate system.
但在國家層面上仍有一個分流制。
It relies on reverse auctions in which those solar producers who commit to producing powerat the lowest cost win the right to operate.
那些太陽能制造商是依靠逆向拍賣選出的，誰能用最低的成本生產(chǎn)能源，誰就能獲得運營的權(quán)利。
In the second national solar auction, of 350MW, in December, the winning firms committedthemselves to selling solar power for as little as 7.5 rupees.
在12月的第二個國家級太陽能運營拍賣會，其產(chǎn)能為350百萬瓦，競拍成功的公司已經(jīng)承諾，他們將用低至每度7.5盧比的價格賣太陽能。
Many people doubt that it is possible to make money at these prices.
很多人懷疑按這些價格到底能不能實現(xiàn)盈利。
An Indian engineer says the auction was a farce and that it is impossible to build a solidplant and operate it for less than 10 rupees.
一位印度工程師說拍賣會只是一場鬧劇，建立一個固定的工廠并以低于每度10盧比的價格運營它，這是不可能的。
Firms bidding below, say, 8.5 rupees must assume that technology will improve, equipmentprices will keep falling,
參與投標的廠商們也說，要是技術得到提升，而設備價格又持續(xù)下降，
or that they can make their sums work by borrowing cheap dollars rather than dear rupees.
或者說他們能通過借到廉價的美元而不是昂貴的盧比來總結(jié)工作。只有這樣，每度電8.5盧比才顯得有可能。
Second, if prices do not fall steeply, there may be little appetite for solar power.
此外，如果價格沒有快速下降，可能很少人會愿意使用太陽能。
The grid is rickety.
電網(wǎng)也變得搖搖欲墜。
Many states distribution firms are financial zombies.
許多國家的流通企業(yè)都是金融僵尸。
Today the cost of solar subsidies is hiddenpooled with the overall generation bill in statessuch as Gujarat or,
今天太陽能補貼的費用被隱藏了像古吉拉特邦，統(tǒng)計在全部的賬單中，或許，
for projects under the national scheme, buried in the finances of a big state-ownedconventional power firm.
根據(jù)國家計劃的項目，埋藏了一個大型的傳統(tǒng)國有能源企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)。
Such bureaucratic subterfuge works on a small scale.
像這些官僚式的托詞只影響了一小范圍。
But if the bill for solar swells, it is not hard to imagine the kind of public backlash againstsubsidies that has hit cash-strapped Europe.
但要是太陽能的賬單變大，不難想象，公眾對補貼的不滿將沖擊歐洲的經(jīng)濟。
India s politicians may then start to ignore contracts.
印度的政客可能將開始不履行合約。
To solve India s energy problems, solar firms must deliver blindingly low prices.
要解決印度的能源問題，太陽能公司必須盲目地實現(xiàn)低價賣電。
詞語解釋
1.solar a.太陽的;太陽能的
The solar cell can convert the energy of sunlightinto electric energy.
太陽能電池能把陽光的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
2.stretch v.伸展;延伸;張開
Vast meadows stretch to the east.
遼闊的草場向東伸展。
3.declare v.宣布;申報
I now declare this meeting open.
我現(xiàn)在宣布會議開幕。
4.obvious a.明顯的;顯然的
It is obvious that she is very clever.
很明顯，她挺聰明。
5.generator n.發(fā)電機;發(fā)生器
The propeller turns a small D.C. generator.
螺旋槳帶動一個小型直流發(fā)電機。
Solar power in India
印度太陽能
Waiting for the sun
等待著艷陽
Is the sun the answer to India s energy problems?
太陽能是印度能源問題的解決辦法嗎?
ON A salt plain near the border with Pakistan lies half a billion dollars worth of solar-energykit paid for by firms from all over the world.
靠近巴基斯坦邊界的一塊鹽地，安裝了來自全球的公司價值五億美元的太陽能設備。
A million panels stretch as far as the eye can see.
目所能及的就有一百萬塊太陽能板了。
Past a dishevelled brass band is atent crammed with 5,000 people who cheer when Narendra Modi, the chief minister ofGujarat, declares the solar park open:
穿過一群散亂的銅管樂隊就是一個擠滿了正在歡慶的5000人帳篷區(qū)，此時，古吉拉特邦的首席部長納倫德拉莫迪宣布太陽能電廠正式運行，
I pray, sun god, that today Gujarat will show the way to the rest of the world for solarenergy.
我希望太陽神庇護我們，今天古吉拉特邦將向世界其他地方展示通向太陽能的道路。
Despite the uncomfortable cult of personality around Mr Modi, Gujarat is an easy place todo business.
除了對莫迪的個人崇拜令人感到不舒服外，古吉拉特邦還是一個容易經(jīng)商的地方。
And solar power would appear to be an obvious winner for India.
而太陽能仿佛令印度成為了最大的贏家。
The country has plenty of sun and flat, idle land.
印度境內(nèi)有充沛的陽光和許多平坦閑置的用地。
India is energy-hungry, but electricity supply is sporadic.
而它又是一個能源缺乏的國家，電力供應時常不足。
Costly diesel generators are popular. Solar power could replace them.
連昂貴的柴油發(fā)電機在這里也很暢銷。
And solar parks, which look like giant Lego kits, are easier to build than conventional powerplants.
這方面太陽能可以替代。至于看上去像巨大的樂高積木桶的太陽能發(fā)電廠，比起建造傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)電廠要容易多。
The new park, in a place called Charanka, has just over 200 megawatts of capacity running,making it the biggest site in India.
最新的電廠，建在Charanka，擁有超過200兆瓦發(fā)電量，使其成為印度最大的電力廠。
It took 16 months to build. No one builds nuclear power stations nearly that fast.
它花了16個月去建造，沒有人能用這速度建造出原子能發(fā)電站。
Two other factors make an Indian solar boom seem possible.
還有兩個原因使印度的太陽能得到廣泛使用成為可能。
Conventional energy generation, which in India means burning cheap but dirty local coal, is amess.
傳統(tǒng)能源的生產(chǎn)十分混亂，在印度是通過燃燒便宜但污染大的煤炭來發(fā)電的。
Power stations charge local electricity boards 3-4 rupees per kilowatt hour.
發(fā)電站以每度電約3~4盧比賣給當?shù)氐墓╇娋帧?/p>
The state coal monopoly is unable to dig up enough of the black stuff, forcing power firms tobuy pricier imported coal.
國家壟斷了煤炭，卻無法開采足夠的量，這迫使能源公司購買更貴的進口煤炭。
Hopes that India might find abundant natural gas off its coast have been dashed.
印度期望能在遠離海岸線的地方找到豐富的天然氣的愿望已經(jīng)破滅。
Many observers think the price of conventional power will have to rise to 5-6 rupees.
許多觀測者認為傳統(tǒng)能源價格將上升5~6盧比。
Meanwhile, the cost of solar equipment has fallen by a third since 2010, reckons Alan Roslingof Kiran Energy,
與此同時，一間由美國私募基金注資的太陽能公司Kiran能源的阿蘭?羅斯林指出，自2010年以后，
a solar firm backed by American private equity.
太陽能裝備的花費已經(jīng)下降了三分之一。
Cheaper solar and pricier conventional power have persuaded many that solar will soon becompetitive without subsidies.
相對便宜的太陽能與較貴的傳統(tǒng)能源令更多的人在沒有補貼的情況下仍選擇更有競爭力的太陽能。
V. Saibaba, the boss of Lanco Solar, a firm that makes and operates solar parks, says that by2023 Indian solar will match the price of conventional electricity.
負責建造與運營太陽能發(fā)電廠的蘭科太陽能公司的領導V. Saibaba說，到2023年印度的太陽能價格將接近傳統(tǒng)電力的價格。
That should mean a building boom.
這意味著太陽能發(fā)電廠的建造潮將到來。
Sunil Gupta of Standard Chartered, a bank, reckons India s share of new global solarinstallations will rise from 1% this year to 5% by 2023.
渣打銀行的Sunil Gupta指出，印度的太陽能設備安裝量在全球的份額將從今年的1%上升到2023年的5%。
India s central government has set a target for 20,000MW of installed solar generation by2023, from under 1,000MW today.
印度政府設定了一個指標，到2023年，安裝的太陽能發(fā)電量將從現(xiàn)在的1000百萬瓦以下上升到20,000百萬瓦。
That would still represent a miserly 5% or less of total power-generation capacity in India,
這顯得有點保守，因為這只是印度總發(fā)電量的5%，甚至更少。
and cost perhaps $30 billion-40 billion to builda fraction of the investment in new coal-firedplants.
投資約300億美元~400億美元去建造太陽能發(fā)電廠，而這只是相當于投資于新建的火力發(fā)電站的一小部分。
So plenty of folk think the official target will be smashed.
所以很多人認為官方目標將難以達成。
D.J. Pandian, a civil servant in charge of energy policy in Gujarat, believes his state alone willeasily reach 10,000MW of capacity in a decade.
D.J. Pandian，一位負責古吉拉特邦能源問題的官員則相信，單單古吉拉特邦在十年內(nèi)就將輕易地達到10,000百萬瓦的發(fā)電量。
But not everyone agrees.
但不是每一個人都認同。
Half of these plants won t be here in ten years, says a German boss at the new solarparkbad news,
這些廠的一半在十年內(nèi)都不會建在這里，一位在新的太陽能發(fā)電廠的德國領導說。
since the contracts are for 25 years.
他指出，壞消息是，因為合同是25年，
Too many firms have cut corners, he reckons.
導致太多公司節(jié)省成本。
A Chinese executive raises his eyebrows at India s plans to force solar firms to buy someequipment locally.
一位中國執(zhí)行官聽了印度計劃迫使太陽能公司購買當?shù)氐哪承┰O備后揚起了眉毛。
The supply chain and economies of scale are not there, he says.
供應鏈以及經(jīng)濟規(guī)模還不理想。他說。
An American manager scoffs: We ve all been coming to India for years and they ll never getthere
一位美國經(jīng)理調(diào)侃到，我們?nèi)縼碛《纫呀?jīng)多年了，清楚他們還沒有達到那程度，
They don t have the infrastructure.
他們沒有基礎設施。
The difficulty of getting plugged into the grid and a shortage of water to clean panels arecommon worries.
難以接入電網(wǎng)以及因水的短缺而致難以清理太陽能板是常見的憂慮。
Solar faces two other problems.
太陽能普及面對兩個問題。
First, Gujarat s state government has guaranteed high prices of 15 rupees for the first 12years of operation to solar producers,
第一個是，古吉拉特邦的政府要求確保太陽能生產(chǎn)商每度電15盧比的高價，作為第一個12年內(nèi)的運營成本，
which should mean they make money.
這也意味著他們可以盈利。
But at the national level there is a separate system.
但在國家層面上仍有一個分流制。
It relies on reverse auctions in which those solar producers who commit to producing powerat the lowest cost win the right to operate.
那些太陽能制造商是依靠逆向拍賣選出的，誰能用最低的成本生產(chǎn)能源，誰就能獲得運營的權(quán)利。
In the second national solar auction, of 350MW, in December, the winning firms committedthemselves to selling solar power for as little as 7.5 rupees.
在12月的第二個國家級太陽能運營拍賣會，其產(chǎn)能為350百萬瓦，競拍成功的公司已經(jīng)承諾，他們將用低至每度7.5盧比的價格賣太陽能。
Many people doubt that it is possible to make money at these prices.
很多人懷疑按這些價格到底能不能實現(xiàn)盈利。
An Indian engineer says the auction was a farce and that it is impossible to build a solidplant and operate it for less than 10 rupees.
一位印度工程師說拍賣會只是一場鬧劇，建立一個固定的工廠并以低于每度10盧比的價格運營它，這是不可能的。
Firms bidding below, say, 8.5 rupees must assume that technology will improve, equipmentprices will keep falling,
參與投標的廠商們也說，要是技術得到提升，而設備價格又持續(xù)下降，
or that they can make their sums work by borrowing cheap dollars rather than dear rupees.
或者說他們能通過借到廉價的美元而不是昂貴的盧比來總結(jié)工作。只有這樣，每度電8.5盧比才顯得有可能。
Second, if prices do not fall steeply, there may be little appetite for solar power.
此外，如果價格沒有快速下降，可能很少人會愿意使用太陽能。
The grid is rickety.
電網(wǎng)也變得搖搖欲墜。
Many states distribution firms are financial zombies.
許多國家的流通企業(yè)都是金融僵尸。
Today the cost of solar subsidies is hiddenpooled with the overall generation bill in statessuch as Gujarat or,
今天太陽能補貼的費用被隱藏了像古吉拉特邦，統(tǒng)計在全部的賬單中，或許，
for projects under the national scheme, buried in the finances of a big state-ownedconventional power firm.
根據(jù)國家計劃的項目，埋藏了一個大型的傳統(tǒng)國有能源企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)。
Such bureaucratic subterfuge works on a small scale.
像這些官僚式的托詞只影響了一小范圍。
But if the bill for solar swells, it is not hard to imagine the kind of public backlash againstsubsidies that has hit cash-strapped Europe.
但要是太陽能的賬單變大，不難想象，公眾對補貼的不滿將沖擊歐洲的經(jīng)濟。
India s politicians may then start to ignore contracts.
印度的政客可能將開始不履行合約。
To solve India s energy problems, solar firms must deliver blindingly low prices.
要解決印度的能源問題，太陽能公司必須盲目地實現(xiàn)低價賣電。
詞語解釋
1.solar a.太陽的;太陽能的
The solar cell can convert the energy of sunlightinto electric energy.
太陽能電池能把陽光的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
2.stretch v.伸展;延伸;張開
Vast meadows stretch to the east.
遼闊的草場向東伸展。
3.declare v.宣布;申報
I now declare this meeting open.
我現(xiàn)在宣布會議開幕。
4.obvious a.明顯的;顯然的
It is obvious that she is very clever.
很明顯，她挺聰明。
5.generator n.發(fā)電機;發(fā)生器
The propeller turns a small D.C. generator.
螺旋槳帶動一個小型直流發(fā)電機。
