2023考研英語閱讀馬雷克愛德曼

　　Marek Edelman

　　馬雷克愛德曼

　　Marek Edelman, the last military commander ofthe Warsaw ghetto uprising, died on October 2nd,aged 90;

　　馬雷克愛德曼，華沙猶太人起義的最后一名指揮官，于2009年10月2日辭世，享年90歲。

　　He was sure that once he started fighting, he wasgoing to die. No point in being scared about it.Death was death; there was nothing more, nothingbigger, that could happen to him. At least in this way, taking up arms, he could die on his ownterms rather than theirs. His time, his place. Suicide would have been another way to do it,but he never considered that. Going to the gas chamber or the mass grave with quiet,considered dignity, like many of the residents of the Warsaw ghetto, was another way: farmore admirable and more difficult, he thought, than running through random bullets as hedid. But it was not for him. 這兩句我的譯法絕對有問題，盼高手現(xiàn)身!Only by dying as publicly aspossible, loudly and with his gun blazing, could he let the world know what the Nazis weredoing to the Jews in Poland.

　　他明白，一旦他投入戰(zhàn)斗，他就會死。他對此無所畏懼。死就死，對他而言，沒有什么大不了。至少，拿起武器戰(zhàn)斗，他可以以自己的方式而不是他們[納粹]的方式死亡。[拿起武器戰(zhàn)斗可以決定]自己的死亡時間、死亡地點(diǎn)。自殺是死亡的另一種方式，但他從未考慮過。像華沙猶太人區(qū)的很多居民那樣,帶著平靜和尊嚴(yán)走向毒氣室和萬人坑，是死亡的又一種方式：他認(rèn)為穿越槍林彈雨，雖更加困難但更有意義。他[也]不愿作此抉擇。最好的方式是盡可能公開地，帶著吶喊和復(fù)仇的槍彈死去，他要讓世界明白，納粹正在對波蘭猶太人做些什么。

　　The odds were overwhelming. He was deputy commander of 220 untrained boys withpistols and home-made explosives. Against them were around 2,000 Nazi soldiers, the pick ofthe Wehrmacht, with plenty more behind them. The Nazis had come on the eve of Passover,April 19th 1943, to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto, from which they had been deporting 6,000Jews a week to the death camps. For almost a month Mr Edelman helped keep them at bay,barricaded in the streets around the brushmakers district until the whole place was burneddown round him.

　　沖突勢不可擋。他是220名持有手槍及自制炸彈的未受訓(xùn)練的童子軍的副指揮官。他們的敵手是德軍精銳約2,000名納粹士兵，其后還有更多的敵人。納粹在 1943年4月19日逾越節(jié)前夜對華沙猶太人區(qū)展開清洗行動，納粹已在此前一個星期里把該區(qū)6000名猶太人趕進(jìn)了死亡集中營。在近一個月里，愛德曼幫助猶太人在brushmakers區(qū)街道設(shè)置路障，以牽制[納粹]，直到其周圍的整個地區(qū)被燒毀。

　　The ghetto had been established in October 1940 to cut off the city s Jews, with a high walland wire, from the general population. Jews were crammed into its four square kilometresfrom all over the city, Poland and the German Reich. By April 1942 half a million people livedthere, many on filthy straw mattresses directly on the ground. Around 1,500 were dying eachweek from hunger and disease. In those conditions, Mr Edelman said, the most importantthing was just to be alive: not to be one of the naked corpses wheeled past on carts, headsbobbing up and down or knocking on the pavement. A terrible apathy took hold, in whichpeople no longer saw or believed the random horrors round them. He tried to rouse them,first by staying up night after night to print mimeograph newspapers, and then by fighting.

　　充斥著高墻和電網(wǎng)的猶太人區(qū)建立于1940年10月，用以隔離居民中的猶太人。來自波蘭和德國各城市的猶太人被塞進(jìn)了這個4平方公里的地方。 1942年4月時，有50萬猶太人生活在那里，其中許多人直接生活在地上那骯臟的稻草墊上。每星期大約1500人死于饑餓和疾病。愛德曼說，在這種情況下，最大的希望僅僅是還活著：不是那經(jīng)過的輪車上，頭部上下擺動或者敲擊過道的裸尸之一。一種恐怖的漠然滋生，在漠然中，人們不再認(rèn)為無處不在的恐怖是恐怖。他試圖喚醒他們，首先是持續(xù)、連夜打印油印報紙，然后是戰(zhàn)斗。

　　rough the sewers

　　穿過下水道

　　As a messenger at the ghetto hospital, Mr Edelman was one of the few allowed out. Hepassed on news of Nazi atrocities to the larger Polish underground, and gathered up weaponsand fighters. Precisely how much help he got is still disputed. He implied later that gentilePoles both couldn t do much, and wouldn t, to help the Jews they still distrusted, even thoughthey faced a common enemy. But the beleaguered Jews were disunited too: secular,socialist, non-Zionist Jews like him, with ardent Zionists and communists, all bickering overtactics at the edge of the abyss.

　　作為猶太醫(yī)院的信差，愛德曼是少數(shù)準(zhǔn)許外出者之一。他向波蘭大多數(shù)地下組織傳遞關(guān)于納粹暴行的消息，收集武器、召集戰(zhàn)斗人員。恰恰是因?yàn)樗峁┝四敲炊鄮椭瑓s招致懷疑。他后來含蓄地提出：波蘭人既不能也不愿幫助他們不信任的猶太人。甚至認(rèn)為猶太人與[納粹一樣]是波蘭人的共同敵人。處于困境的猶太人也四分五裂：世俗[主義]者、社會主義者、像他那樣的非猶太復(fù)國者、狂熱的猶太復(fù)國者、共產(chǎn)主義者，所有這些人在深淵的邊緣就出路爭吵不休。

　　He considered himself both a Pole and a Jew, despite his white armband with its blue star.Warsaw was home to him; his parents had died when he was young, leaving him to bebrought up by staff in the hospital. He spoke Polish, Yiddish and Russian. His dream was notof some Zionist homeland, but a socialist Poland in which Jews would have culturalautonomy. He continued to hope for that all his life.

　　盡管戴的是藍(lán)星白色臂章，但愛德曼認(rèn)為自己是一個波蘭人也是一個猶太人，華沙是他的家。當(dāng)他年輕、剛成為醫(yī)院工作人員時，他的父母去世了。他講波蘭語、依地語和俄語。他的夢想中，波蘭不是某些猶太復(fù)國主義的祖國，而是社會主義者的波蘭，在社會主義者的波蘭中，猶太人將擁有其文化自治權(quán)。他終其一生，為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一夢想不懈努力。

　　During the final throes of the ghetto uprising 50,000-60,000 Jews were deported to thecamps. Mr Edelman survived, escaping with a handful of colleagues along tunnels barely twofeet high, slimy water up to his lips, to safety. Some 16 months later, in August 1944, he tookpart in the larger Warsaw uprising, which was crushed after 63 days. It led to the razing ofthe city by the Nazis in a last act of revenge.

　　猶太區(qū)起義的最終慘痛結(jié)局是5-6萬人猶太人被趕進(jìn)集中營。愛德曼與少數(shù)難友一道，沿著僅兩英尺深的下水道，伴著漫進(jìn)嘴唇的泥濘安全逃離，得以幸免。約16個月后的1944年8月，他參加了大規(guī)模的華沙起義，該起義在堅持63天后被鎮(zhèn)壓。納粹的這一最后報復(fù)行動，致使華沙城被徹底摧毀。

　　After the war, Mr Edelman was one of the few Jewish Holocaust survivors who stayed inPoland. He moved to Lodz, where he graduated in medicine. Subsequent waves of anti-Semitism did not dislodge him: not even one in 1968 when up to 20,000 Jews left, includinghis wife and daughter. When he lost his job, he merely moved to another hospital. Nothingelse terrible happened to him, as he put it. In 1981, having become an activist for theSolidarity movement, he was briefly interned under martial law. He had known worse.

　　戰(zhàn)后，愛德曼成為留在波蘭的少數(shù)猶太大屠殺幸存者之一。他移居到[波蘭]羅茲，并從醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)畢業(yè)。隨后的反猶浪潮并沒有迫使他離開波蘭，即使在1968年，有近 20000猶太人離開時，其中包括他的妻子和女兒，他也未曾有過離開這個國家的念頭。他失業(yè)時，也只是到另一家醫(yī)院[就業(yè)]，就像他所說過的那樣，不曾有人找過他麻煩。 1981年成為團(tuán)結(jié)工會活動家后，他曾因戒嚴(yán)令被短暫拘留。他已見怪不怪了。

　　Mr Edelman could be brusque and difficult with colleagues. But it was his quietthoughtfulness that most irritated people. He refused to express open hatred for the Nazis,and for years would not talk about the ghetto uprising. As Bronislaw Geremek, another ghettosurvivor, said once, he was a hero who didn t like heroism. Only in old age did he start tospeak out, not least to try to influence the present. In 1999 he publicly supported NATOstrikes in the Balkans, arguing that a policy of pacifist non-intervention only played into thehands of dictators.

　　愛德曼或許態(tài)度粗暴而顯得難與同事相處。然而，正是他的慎思篤行惹惱了民眾。他拒絕公開表達(dá)對納粹的仇恨，且長達(dá)數(shù)年不愿談及猶太區(qū)起義。正如另一位猶太幸存者蓋雷梅克曾說：他是一個不喜歡英雄主義的英雄。到了晚年，為了教育現(xiàn)代人他才開始談及往事。 1999年，他公開支持北約轟炸巴爾干地區(qū)，認(rèn)為和平主義者的不干涉政策，只會讓獨(dú)裁者占便宜。

　　His expertise was in cardiology , and the heart and itsemotions seemed to intrigue him more as the years passed. His last book, published thisyear, made a point of describing the love affairs of the Warsaw ghetto: the marvellousthings that happened, and the ecstatic moments of happiness, when terrified and lonelypeople were thrown together. Man was naturally a beast, but love could overwhelm him,and love could also be taught. As for his general devotion to medicine, that was easilyexplained. Someone who had known so much death, he used to say, bore all the moreresponsibility for life.

　　他的專長是心臟病學(xué)，而歲月長河中,更能激起勇氣的是愛的情感。在他今年出版的最后一部書里，重點(diǎn)描述了華沙猶太區(qū)的愛：當(dāng)恐怖和孤獨(dú)的人們被命運(yùn)拋聚在一起時，那是曾發(fā)生不可思議的奇跡和極度幸福時刻。人類的天性是野獸，但愛能超越，也能傳承。至于他畢生獻(xiàn)身醫(yī)學(xué)也容易由此得到解釋。他常說，對于曾經(jīng)歷了那么多死亡的人來說，理當(dāng)為命運(yùn)承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任。

　　Marek Edelman

　　馬雷克愛德曼

　　Marek Edelman, the last military commander ofthe Warsaw ghetto uprising, died on October 2nd,aged 90;

　　馬雷克愛德曼，華沙猶太人起義的最后一名指揮官，于2009年10月2日辭世，享年90歲。

　　He was sure that once he started fighting, he wasgoing to die. No point in being scared about it.Death was death; there was nothing more, nothingbigger, that could happen to him. At least in this way, taking up arms, he could die on his ownterms rather than theirs. His time, his place. Suicide would have been another way to do it,but he never considered that. Going to the gas chamber or the mass grave with quiet,considered dignity, like many of the residents of the Warsaw ghetto, was another way: farmore admirable and more difficult, he thought, than running through random bullets as hedid. But it was not for him. 這兩句我的譯法絕對有問題，盼高手現(xiàn)身!Only by dying as publicly aspossible, loudly and with his gun blazing, could he let the world know what the Nazis weredoing to the Jews in Poland.

　　他明白，一旦他投入戰(zhàn)斗，他就會死。他對此無所畏懼。死就死，對他而言，沒有什么大不了。至少，拿起武器戰(zhàn)斗，他可以以自己的方式而不是他們[納粹]的方式死亡。[拿起武器戰(zhàn)斗可以決定]自己的死亡時間、死亡地點(diǎn)。自殺是死亡的另一種方式，但他從未考慮過。像華沙猶太人區(qū)的很多居民那樣,帶著平靜和尊嚴(yán)走向毒氣室和萬人坑，是死亡的又一種方式：他認(rèn)為穿越槍林彈雨，雖更加困難但更有意義。他[也]不愿作此抉擇。最好的方式是盡可能公開地，帶著吶喊和復(fù)仇的槍彈死去，他要讓世界明白，納粹正在對波蘭猶太人做些什么。

　　The odds were overwhelming. He was deputy commander of 220 untrained boys withpistols and home-made explosives. Against them were around 2,000 Nazi soldiers, the pick ofthe Wehrmacht, with plenty more behind them. The Nazis had come on the eve of Passover,April 19th 1943, to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto, from which they had been deporting 6,000Jews a week to the death camps. For almost a month Mr Edelman helped keep them at bay,barricaded in the streets around the brushmakers district until the whole place was burneddown round him.

　　沖突勢不可擋。他是220名持有手槍及自制炸彈的未受訓(xùn)練的童子軍的副指揮官。他們的敵手是德軍精銳約2,000名納粹士兵，其后還有更多的敵人。納粹在 1943年4月19日逾越節(jié)前夜對華沙猶太人區(qū)展開清洗行動，納粹已在此前一個星期里把該區(qū)6000名猶太人趕進(jìn)了死亡集中營。在近一個月里，愛德曼幫助猶太人在brushmakers區(qū)街道設(shè)置路障，以牽制[納粹]，直到其周圍的整個地區(qū)被燒毀。

　　The ghetto had been established in October 1940 to cut off the city s Jews, with a high walland wire, from the general population. Jews were crammed into its four square kilometresfrom all over the city, Poland and the German Reich. By April 1942 half a million people livedthere, many on filthy straw mattresses directly on the ground. Around 1,500 were dying eachweek from hunger and disease. In those conditions, Mr Edelman said, the most importantthing was just to be alive: not to be one of the naked corpses wheeled past on carts, headsbobbing up and down or knocking on the pavement. A terrible apathy took hold, in whichpeople no longer saw or believed the random horrors round them. He tried to rouse them,first by staying up night after night to print mimeograph newspapers, and then by fighting.

　　充斥著高墻和電網(wǎng)的猶太人區(qū)建立于1940年10月，用以隔離居民中的猶太人。來自波蘭和德國各城市的猶太人被塞進(jìn)了這個4平方公里的地方。 1942年4月時，有50萬猶太人生活在那里，其中許多人直接生活在地上那骯臟的稻草墊上。每星期大約1500人死于饑餓和疾病。愛德曼說，在這種情況下，最大的希望僅僅是還活著：不是那經(jīng)過的輪車上，頭部上下擺動或者敲擊過道的裸尸之一。一種恐怖的漠然滋生，在漠然中，人們不再認(rèn)為無處不在的恐怖是恐怖。他試圖喚醒他們，首先是持續(xù)、連夜打印油印報紙，然后是戰(zhàn)斗。

　　rough the sewers

　　穿過下水道

　　As a messenger at the ghetto hospital, Mr Edelman was one of the few allowed out. Hepassed on news of Nazi atrocities to the larger Polish underground, and gathered up weaponsand fighters. Precisely how much help he got is still disputed. He implied later that gentilePoles both couldn t do much, and wouldn t, to help the Jews they still distrusted, even thoughthey faced a common enemy. But the beleaguered Jews were disunited too: secular,socialist, non-Zionist Jews like him, with ardent Zionists and communists, all bickering overtactics at the edge of the abyss.

　　作為猶太醫(yī)院的信差，愛德曼是少數(shù)準(zhǔn)許外出者之一。他向波蘭大多數(shù)地下組織傳遞關(guān)于納粹暴行的消息，收集武器、召集戰(zhàn)斗人員。恰恰是因?yàn)樗峁┝四敲炊鄮椭瑓s招致懷疑。他后來含蓄地提出：波蘭人既不能也不愿幫助他們不信任的猶太人。甚至認(rèn)為猶太人與[納粹一樣]是波蘭人的共同敵人。處于困境的猶太人也四分五裂：世俗[主義]者、社會主義者、像他那樣的非猶太復(fù)國者、狂熱的猶太復(fù)國者、共產(chǎn)主義者，所有這些人在深淵的邊緣就出路爭吵不休。

　　He considered himself both a Pole and a Jew, despite his white armband with its blue star.Warsaw was home to him; his parents had died when he was young, leaving him to bebrought up by staff in the hospital. He spoke Polish, Yiddish and Russian. His dream was notof some Zionist homeland, but a socialist Poland in which Jews would have culturalautonomy. He continued to hope for that all his life.

　　盡管戴的是藍(lán)星白色臂章，但愛德曼認(rèn)為自己是一個波蘭人也是一個猶太人，華沙是他的家。當(dāng)他年輕、剛成為醫(yī)院工作人員時，他的父母去世了。他講波蘭語、依地語和俄語。他的夢想中，波蘭不是某些猶太復(fù)國主義的祖國，而是社會主義者的波蘭，在社會主義者的波蘭中，猶太人將擁有其文化自治權(quán)。他終其一生，為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一夢想不懈努力。

　　During the final throes of the ghetto uprising 50,000-60,000 Jews were deported to thecamps. Mr Edelman survived, escaping with a handful of colleagues along tunnels barely twofeet high, slimy water up to his lips, to safety. Some 16 months later, in August 1944, he tookpart in the larger Warsaw uprising, which was crushed after 63 days. It led to the razing ofthe city by the Nazis in a last act of revenge.

　　猶太區(qū)起義的最終慘痛結(jié)局是5-6萬人猶太人被趕進(jìn)集中營。愛德曼與少數(shù)難友一道，沿著僅兩英尺深的下水道，伴著漫進(jìn)嘴唇的泥濘安全逃離，得以幸免。約16個月后的1944年8月，他參加了大規(guī)模的華沙起義，該起義在堅持63天后被鎮(zhèn)壓。納粹的這一最后報復(fù)行動，致使華沙城被徹底摧毀。

　　After the war, Mr Edelman was one of the few Jewish Holocaust survivors who stayed inPoland. He moved to Lodz, where he graduated in medicine. Subsequent waves of anti-Semitism did not dislodge him: not even one in 1968 when up to 20,000 Jews left, includinghis wife and daughter. When he lost his job, he merely moved to another hospital. Nothingelse terrible happened to him, as he put it. In 1981, having become an activist for theSolidarity movement, he was briefly interned under martial law. He had known worse.

　　戰(zhàn)后，愛德曼成為留在波蘭的少數(shù)猶太大屠殺幸存者之一。他移居到[波蘭]羅茲，并從醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)畢業(yè)。隨后的反猶浪潮并沒有迫使他離開波蘭，即使在1968年，有近 20000猶太人離開時，其中包括他的妻子和女兒，他也未曾有過離開這個國家的念頭。他失業(yè)時，也只是到另一家醫(yī)院[就業(yè)]，就像他所說過的那樣，不曾有人找過他麻煩。 1981年成為團(tuán)結(jié)工會活動家后，他曾因戒嚴(yán)令被短暫拘留。他已見怪不怪了。

　　Mr Edelman could be brusque and difficult with colleagues. But it was his quietthoughtfulness that most irritated people. He refused to express open hatred for the Nazis,and for years would not talk about the ghetto uprising. As Bronislaw Geremek, another ghettosurvivor, said once, he was a hero who didn t like heroism. Only in old age did he start tospeak out, not least to try to influence the present. In 1999 he publicly supported NATOstrikes in the Balkans, arguing that a policy of pacifist non-intervention only played into thehands of dictators.

　　愛德曼或許態(tài)度粗暴而顯得難與同事相處。然而，正是他的慎思篤行惹惱了民眾。他拒絕公開表達(dá)對納粹的仇恨，且長達(dá)數(shù)年不愿談及猶太區(qū)起義。正如另一位猶太幸存者蓋雷梅克曾說：他是一個不喜歡英雄主義的英雄。到了晚年，為了教育現(xiàn)代人他才開始談及往事。 1999年，他公開支持北約轟炸巴爾干地區(qū)，認(rèn)為和平主義者的不干涉政策，只會讓獨(dú)裁者占便宜。

　　His expertise was in cardiology , and the heart and itsemotions seemed to intrigue him more as the years passed. His last book, published thisyear, made a point of describing the love affairs of the Warsaw ghetto: the marvellousthings that happened, and the ecstatic moments of happiness, when terrified and lonelypeople were thrown together. Man was naturally a beast, but love could overwhelm him,and love could also be taught. As for his general devotion to medicine, that was easilyexplained. Someone who had known so much death, he used to say, bore all the moreresponsibility for life.

　　他的專長是心臟病學(xué)，而歲月長河中,更能激起勇氣的是愛的情感。在他今年出版的最后一部書里，重點(diǎn)描述了華沙猶太區(qū)的愛：當(dāng)恐怖和孤獨(dú)的人們被命運(yùn)拋聚在一起時，那是曾發(fā)生不可思議的奇跡和極度幸福時刻。人類的天性是野獸，但愛能超越，也能傳承。至于他畢生獻(xiàn)身醫(yī)學(xué)也容易由此得到解釋。他常說，對于曾經(jīng)歷了那么多死亡的人來說，理當(dāng)為命運(yùn)承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任。