2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀颶風(fēng)與氣候變化
Cyclones and climate change
颶風(fēng)與氣候變化
The new normal?
習(xí)以為常?
Physics suggests that storms will get worse as theplanet warms. But it is too early to tell if it isactually happening
物理學(xué)研究表明全球變暖將導(dǎo)致更猛烈的風(fēng)暴，但一切尚未可知
WAS typhoon Haiyan the strongest recorded storm to make landfall?
臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕是有記錄以來(lái)的最強(qiáng)登陸風(fēng)暴嗎?
Meteorologists will never know.Reliable records go back only a few decades.
氣象學(xué)家們恐怕永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道。可靠記錄只能回溯幾十年。
But it is surely one of them. Besides the devastation and the death toll, one way to assess itspotency is to compare it with Katrina, the hurricane that devastated New Orleans in 2005.
不過(guò)可以肯定，這是史上最強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴之一。除了統(tǒng)計(jì)摧毀的建筑和死亡的人數(shù)，評(píng)估該風(fēng)暴威力的另一個(gè)辦法，是將它和2005年摧毀新奧良的卡特里娜颶風(fēng)作比較。
At its most intense, Haiyan s peak wind speeds were probably greater than 300kph.
在高峰期，海燕的最高風(fēng)速可能超過(guò)每小時(shí)300公里，
The best estimate for Katrina, when it hit land, is around 200kph.
而卡特里娜登陸時(shí)，其風(fēng)速估計(jì)在每小時(shí)200公里左右。
Regardless of its precise position in the historical hierarchy, Haiyanlike Katrinahasprovoked discussion about the effects of global warming on tropical storms.
且不考慮臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕在歷史上排行第幾，海燕如同卡特里娜已激起關(guān)于全球變暖對(duì)熱帶風(fēng)暴影響的討論。
Naderev Sano, the Philippines representative at a climate summit in Warsaw, wasunequivocal, daring doubters to visit his homeland.
在華沙舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)上，菲律賓代表Naderev Sano態(tài)度堅(jiān)定，他請(qǐng)全球變暖效應(yīng)的懷疑者們?nèi)ニ淖鎳?guó)看一看，
The trend we now see is that more destructive storms will be the new norm, he said.
并說(shuō)：我們從眼下的趨勢(shì)可以看到，更具破壞性的風(fēng)暴將成為常態(tài)。
In theory, a warmer world should indeed produce more potent cyclones.
理論上，全球變暖確實(shí)將引發(fā)更具威力的風(fēng)暴。
Such storms are fuelled by evaporation from the ocean.
這類(lèi)風(fēng)暴來(lái)自海洋的水氣蒸騰。
Warmer water means faster evaporation, which means more energy to power the storm.
水溫越高，蒸發(fā)越快，這意味著暴風(fēng)將來(lái)得更猛烈。
A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, which means more rain.
而溫暖的大氣將儲(chǔ)存更多水分，這將造成更多的降雨。
But other factors complicate things.
不過(guò)其他一些因素使事情變得復(fù)雜。
Tropical cyclones cannot form when wind speeds in the upper and lower atmosphere differ toomuch.
當(dāng)高層和底層大氣的風(fēng)速相差懸殊時(shí)，熱帶氣旋便無(wú)法形成。
Climate models suggest, in the North Atlantic at least, that such divergent winds may bemore common in a warmer world.
氣候模型表明，至少在北大西洋，如果氣溫升高，那這類(lèi)風(fēng)速甚異的氣流可能會(huì)變得更常見(jiàn)。
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reckons that the frequency of cyclones willstay the same or decrease while their average intensity goes up.
政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)估計(jì)，當(dāng)颶風(fēng)的平均強(qiáng)度增加時(shí)，它的頻率或許會(huì)保持不變甚至降低。
That is the forecast. But the evidence so far is messy.
這些都只是預(yù)測(cè)。可迄今為止的證據(jù)相當(dāng)混亂。
Meteorological records are of uneven quality, and tropical storms vary widely in intensity,which makes spotting trends tricky.
氣象記錄的質(zhì)量良莠不齊，熱帶風(fēng)暴的強(qiáng)度變化不定，這使得認(rèn)清趨勢(shì)的任務(wù)變得棘手。
One potent storm from 1979, Typhoon Tip, holds the record for the lowest atmosphericpressure recorded, another measure of a storm s intensity.
另一項(xiàng)臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的測(cè)算顯示，1979年的超級(jí)強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)泰培保持了最低大氣壓的記錄。
Yet levels of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, were only 337 parts per million in1979, compared with 394ppm in 2023.
然而，相比2023年的394ppm，主要溫室氣體二氧化碳的濃度在1979年僅為337ppm。
The IPCC concludes that, although there is good evidence for more and stronger Atlantichurricanes over the past 40 years, there is no consensus on the cause of them.
IPCC推斷，雖然有充分的證據(jù)顯示，在過(guò)去的40年間，大西洋的颶風(fēng)正變得更為頻繁和猛烈，但I(xiàn)PCC表示，對(duì)于此現(xiàn)象的起因，業(yè)內(nèi)并未形成共識(shí)。
Worldwide, there is no trend in either the frequency or the intensity of tropical storms.
在世界范圍內(nèi)，關(guān)于熱帶風(fēng)暴發(fā)生的頻率或強(qiáng)度的趨勢(shì)依舊無(wú)跡可尋。
And, given the rarity of such storms as Typhoon Haiyan, it will take a long time for anytrend to become apparent.
不僅如此，由于像臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕這樣的罕見(jiàn)風(fēng)暴的出現(xiàn)，在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，風(fēng)暴的趨勢(shì)將愈加撲朔迷離。
第 2 頁(yè)：詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.go back 回轉(zhuǎn); 回顧
I can t go back and end this now.
我現(xiàn)在不能回去并結(jié)束這一切了。
Don t go back, the reasons you left are still thesame.
不要回去，當(dāng)初那些促使你離開(kāi)的理由并不會(huì)消失。
2.death toll 死亡人數(shù)
The death toll from the shooting remains at 12.
槍擊案死亡人數(shù)目前依舊是12人。
With a death toll of children that was terrifying.
有一個(gè)孩子死亡的消息是可怕的。
3.at least 至少
Read at least 30 books.
至少讀30本書(shū)。
At least august was quiet.
至少八月是安靜的。
Cyclones and climate change
颶風(fēng)與氣候變化
The new normal?
習(xí)以為常?
Physics suggests that storms will get worse as theplanet warms. But it is too early to tell if it isactually happening
物理學(xué)研究表明全球變暖將導(dǎo)致更猛烈的風(fēng)暴，但一切尚未可知
WAS typhoon Haiyan the strongest recorded storm to make landfall?
臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕是有記錄以來(lái)的最強(qiáng)登陸風(fēng)暴嗎?
Meteorologists will never know.Reliable records go back only a few decades.
氣象學(xué)家們恐怕永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道。可靠記錄只能回溯幾十年。
But it is surely one of them. Besides the devastation and the death toll, one way to assess itspotency is to compare it with Katrina, the hurricane that devastated New Orleans in 2005.
不過(guò)可以肯定，這是史上最強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴之一。除了統(tǒng)計(jì)摧毀的建筑和死亡的人數(shù)，評(píng)估該風(fēng)暴威力的另一個(gè)辦法，是將它和2005年摧毀新奧良的卡特里娜颶風(fēng)作比較。
At its most intense, Haiyan s peak wind speeds were probably greater than 300kph.
在高峰期，海燕的最高風(fēng)速可能超過(guò)每小時(shí)300公里，
The best estimate for Katrina, when it hit land, is around 200kph.
而卡特里娜登陸時(shí)，其風(fēng)速估計(jì)在每小時(shí)200公里左右。
Regardless of its precise position in the historical hierarchy, Haiyanlike Katrinahasprovoked discussion about the effects of global warming on tropical storms.
且不考慮臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕在歷史上排行第幾，海燕如同卡特里娜已激起關(guān)于全球變暖對(duì)熱帶風(fēng)暴影響的討論。
Naderev Sano, the Philippines representative at a climate summit in Warsaw, wasunequivocal, daring doubters to visit his homeland.
在華沙舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)上，菲律賓代表Naderev Sano態(tài)度堅(jiān)定，他請(qǐng)全球變暖效應(yīng)的懷疑者們?nèi)ニ淖鎳?guó)看一看，
The trend we now see is that more destructive storms will be the new norm, he said.
并說(shuō)：我們從眼下的趨勢(shì)可以看到，更具破壞性的風(fēng)暴將成為常態(tài)。
In theory, a warmer world should indeed produce more potent cyclones.
理論上，全球變暖確實(shí)將引發(fā)更具威力的風(fēng)暴。
Such storms are fuelled by evaporation from the ocean.
這類(lèi)風(fēng)暴來(lái)自海洋的水氣蒸騰。
Warmer water means faster evaporation, which means more energy to power the storm.
水溫越高，蒸發(fā)越快，這意味著暴風(fēng)將來(lái)得更猛烈。
A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, which means more rain.
而溫暖的大氣將儲(chǔ)存更多水分，這將造成更多的降雨。
But other factors complicate things.
不過(guò)其他一些因素使事情變得復(fù)雜。
Tropical cyclones cannot form when wind speeds in the upper and lower atmosphere differ toomuch.
當(dāng)高層和底層大氣的風(fēng)速相差懸殊時(shí)，熱帶氣旋便無(wú)法形成。
Climate models suggest, in the North Atlantic at least, that such divergent winds may bemore common in a warmer world.
氣候模型表明，至少在北大西洋，如果氣溫升高，那這類(lèi)風(fēng)速甚異的氣流可能會(huì)變得更常見(jiàn)。
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reckons that the frequency of cyclones willstay the same or decrease while their average intensity goes up.
政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)估計(jì)，當(dāng)颶風(fēng)的平均強(qiáng)度增加時(shí)，它的頻率或許會(huì)保持不變甚至降低。
That is the forecast. But the evidence so far is messy.
這些都只是預(yù)測(cè)。可迄今為止的證據(jù)相當(dāng)混亂。
Meteorological records are of uneven quality, and tropical storms vary widely in intensity,which makes spotting trends tricky.
氣象記錄的質(zhì)量良莠不齊，熱帶風(fēng)暴的強(qiáng)度變化不定，這使得認(rèn)清趨勢(shì)的任務(wù)變得棘手。
One potent storm from 1979, Typhoon Tip, holds the record for the lowest atmosphericpressure recorded, another measure of a storm s intensity.
另一項(xiàng)臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的測(cè)算顯示，1979年的超級(jí)強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)泰培保持了最低大氣壓的記錄。
Yet levels of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, were only 337 parts per million in1979, compared with 394ppm in 2023.
然而，相比2023年的394ppm，主要溫室氣體二氧化碳的濃度在1979年僅為337ppm。
The IPCC concludes that, although there is good evidence for more and stronger Atlantichurricanes over the past 40 years, there is no consensus on the cause of them.
IPCC推斷，雖然有充分的證據(jù)顯示，在過(guò)去的40年間，大西洋的颶風(fēng)正變得更為頻繁和猛烈，但I(xiàn)PCC表示，對(duì)于此現(xiàn)象的起因，業(yè)內(nèi)并未形成共識(shí)。
Worldwide, there is no trend in either the frequency or the intensity of tropical storms.
在世界范圍內(nèi)，關(guān)于熱帶風(fēng)暴發(fā)生的頻率或強(qiáng)度的趨勢(shì)依舊無(wú)跡可尋。
And, given the rarity of such storms as Typhoon Haiyan, it will take a long time for anytrend to become apparent.
不僅如此，由于像臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕這樣的罕見(jiàn)風(fēng)暴的出現(xiàn)，在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，風(fēng)暴的趨勢(shì)將愈加撲朔迷離。
第 2 頁(yè)：詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.go back 回轉(zhuǎn); 回顧
I can t go back and end this now.
我現(xiàn)在不能回去并結(jié)束這一切了。
Don t go back, the reasons you left are still thesame.
不要回去，當(dāng)初那些促使你離開(kāi)的理由并不會(huì)消失。
2.death toll 死亡人數(shù)
The death toll from the shooting remains at 12.
槍擊案死亡人數(shù)目前依舊是12人。
With a death toll of children that was terrifying.
有一個(gè)孩子死亡的消息是可怕的。
3.at least 至少
Read at least 30 books.
至少讀30本書(shū)。
At least august was quiet.
至少八月是安靜的。
