宗教審查服務(wù)
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Religious investigation services 宗教審查服務(wù) The Lord s outsourced work 上帝的外包工作 The Vatican introduces price controls on thesaint-verifying business 羅馬教廷在圣徒核查領(lǐng)域引入價格控制機制 IF YOU came across an essay titled The Cost of Sainthood you might assume it was a homilyon the self-sacrificing life of some heroic person. 如果你偶然看到一篇文章題為《圣徒的代價》，你可能以為這是一篇關(guān)于某個英雄人物自我犧牲的道德說教。 But it turns out that sainthood has a cost in a more literal senseand it has been rising. 但是事實上，作為圣徒還有一個實際意義上的花費，而且這個花費在不斷增加。 When Cardinal John O Connor ofNewYorkstarted a campaign for the canonisation of Dorothy Day, an activist who toiled amongthe city s poor, some said this was a bad use of church funds. 多羅西戴是一名掙扎在紐約貧苦人群中的激進主義分子。紐約主教約翰歐康納為其的圣徒冊封儀式發(fā)起活動，而有人說這一行為濫用了教派基金。 He retorted that the expense was not excessive: an initiative to canonise a Haitian-bornNew Yorker called Pierre Toussaint, already well advanced, had cost less than $4,000 主教反駁道，此項花費并非多度：為一名出生在海地的紐約人皮埃爾圖森特發(fā)起的冊封倡議已經(jīng)花費超過4000美元，而這一活動進展非常順利。 But that was in the late 1990s. These days a successful canonisation campaign launchedinAmericatypically costs around $250,000, and can go far higher, says the Catholic NewsService, an agency editorially independent of the church. 獨立于教會的編輯代理機構(gòu)《天主教資訊通訊社》稱，但是那是在二十世紀九十年代末期。現(xiàn)在在美國，一項成功的圣徒冊封活動大致需要花費25萬美元甚至更高。 The procedures for having somebody recognised as a saint are elaborate andbureaucratic. 讓某人受封成為圣徒的程序復雜精細而又莊嚴肅穆。 They require an exchange of documents and expertise over many years between theperson s home region and theVatican. 需要主教奔赴候選人的家鄉(xiāng)，調(diào)查相關(guān)文獻，并將資料送到教會，獲得相關(guān)專家的意見。 All sorts of experts may be called in, including doctors, who are asked to comment on thetwo miraculous cures which are a prerequisite for full sainthood. 這一過程將歷時多年。各類專家將會被召集，其中也包括醫(yī)生，他們將會對兩種疑難雜癥的治愈過程進行評價，因為這是完全成為圣徒的首要條件之一。 And a key role is played by an expert, often a Rome-based canon lawyer, known as apostulator, who mediates between the candidate s fan base and theVatican, and helpsprepare a case for sainthood. 另外，專家也將發(fā)揮重要作用。這個專家通常是一個來自于羅馬的寺院律師，被叫做列圣申請官。 To the dismay of Dan Brown fans, the role of devil s advocate, who argued against aprospective sainthood, was abolished in 1983. 他將會在候選人的支持者基地和羅馬教會之間進行調(diào)停，并協(xié)助候選人的受封儀式。令丹布朗的追隨者沮喪的是，扮演與候選圣徒唱反調(diào)的魔鬼辯護人的角色在1983年被取締。 The whole business will come under scrutiny this year, with two recentish popesJohn XXIIIand John Paul IIdue to be proclaimed saints in April. 今年，圣徒冊封儀式將會在準教皇約翰二十三世和約翰保羅二世兩位的仔細審查下進行。 This helps explain why, in a speech to postulators this month, Cardinal Angelo Amato, whooversees the Vatican s sainthood department, disclosed that it had introduced a referencetariffin effect, price regulationfor the costs incurred in promoting a possible saint. 這兩位將會在今年四月正式宣誓上任。這也就是為什么本月掌管羅馬教廷圣徒機構(gòu)的主教安格魯阿瑪托在致列圣申請官的講話中提到的，他們將會針對提名一個圣徒候選人所產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)費用引進一項舉薦關(guān)稅。 這項關(guān)稅實際上是一種價格規(guī)章。 The department will also continue to ensure that candidates from poor countries, whosebackers are less able to pay for elaborate verification services, get a fair hearing. 這個機構(gòu)也會繼續(xù)確保來自貧窮國家的人們有機會成為候選人。這些人們的支持者無力支付詳盡審查服務(wù)的費用或舉行一個公平的聽證會。 Even that policy has its detractors. 但這個政策仍然有反對的聲音。 Bill Briggs, author of a book on canonisation, has argued that the investigation systemintroduced by John Paul II, since it is less adversarial than before, was a marketing coup: itfacilitated a wave of new saints in emerging markets, helping to recruit new souls toCatholicism. 比爾布里格斯寫了一本關(guān)于圣徒冊封儀式的著作。在書中，他駁斥由教皇約翰保羅二世引入的候選人調(diào)查制度是一個營銷詭計，因為該制度不像以往那樣具有反抗意識。它催生了新興市場里一批新圣徒的誕生，為天主教注入了新鮮的血液。 But sainthood is never just a matter of money. 但是成為圣徒?jīng)Q不是只關(guān)乎金錢。 Some see the canonisation of two popesa Polish conservative and an Italian reformerasa way to reconcile traditionalists and radicals. 有人認為兩位教皇的冊封，是傳統(tǒng)主義者和激進分子相互妥協(xié)的一種方式。 And Meaghan O Keefe of the University of California,Davissees the promotion of DorothyDay as a move by male bishops to neutralise the country s left-leaning nuns. 加州大學戴維斯分校的米根歐基夫認為男性主教對多羅西戴的提名，旨在尋求國家重心的平均分配，而不是過度傾向于關(guān)注修道院。 Politics comes into the picture, as well as Mammon. 政治問題以及財富收入也成為成為需要考慮的相關(guān)因素。 詞語解釋 1.turn out 關(guān)燈;結(jié)果是 Businesses could turn out impressivebuzz-monitoring applications. 而公司也可以用它制作出監(jiān)視熱門話題的應(yīng)用。 So makers would be able to turn out new modelsquicker and at lower cost. 這樣汽車制造商可以在更短的時間內(nèi)以較低的成本設(shè)計出新車型。 2.prepare for 為作準備 It is only prudent to prepare for the consequences. 為由此帶來的后果做準備是謹慎之舉。 Now is the time to prepare for the worst. 現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該為最壞的狀況做準備。 3.due to 由于;因為 Much of the shift is due to economic growth. 這種變化的大部分都是由于經(jīng)濟的增長。 Police say it s due to better policing. 警察說這是因為加強了治安。 4.continue to 繼續(xù) One-off projects will continue to attract capital. 一次性的項目會繼續(xù)吸引資本。 U.s. natural-gas producers continue to increase supply. 美國天然氣供應(yīng)商的供給持續(xù)增加。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Religious investigation services 宗教審查服務(wù) The Lord s outsourced work 上帝的外包工作 The Vatican introduces price controls on thesaint-verifying business 羅馬教廷在圣徒核查領(lǐng)域引入價格控制機制 IF YOU came across an essay titled The Cost of Sainthood you might assume it was a homilyon the self-sacrificing life of some heroic person. 如果你偶然看到一篇文章題為《圣徒的代價》，你可能以為這是一篇關(guān)于某個英雄人物自我犧牲的道德說教。 But it turns out that sainthood has a cost in a more literal senseand it has been rising. 但是事實上，作為圣徒還有一個實際意義上的花費，而且這個花費在不斷增加。 When Cardinal John O Connor ofNewYorkstarted a campaign for the canonisation of Dorothy Day, an activist who toiled amongthe city s poor, some said this was a bad use of church funds. 多羅西戴是一名掙扎在紐約貧苦人群中的激進主義分子。紐約主教約翰歐康納為其的圣徒冊封儀式發(fā)起活動，而有人說這一行為濫用了教派基金。 He retorted that the expense was not excessive: an initiative to canonise a Haitian-bornNew Yorker called Pierre Toussaint, already well advanced, had cost less than $4,000 主教反駁道，此項花費并非多度：為一名出生在海地的紐約人皮埃爾圖森特發(fā)起的冊封倡議已經(jīng)花費超過4000美元，而這一活動進展非常順利。 But that was in the late 1990s. These days a successful canonisation campaign launchedinAmericatypically costs around $250,000, and can go far higher, says the Catholic NewsService, an agency editorially independent of the church. 獨立于教會的編輯代理機構(gòu)《天主教資訊通訊社》稱，但是那是在二十世紀九十年代末期。現(xiàn)在在美國，一項成功的圣徒冊封活動大致需要花費25萬美元甚至更高。 The procedures for having somebody recognised as a saint are elaborate andbureaucratic. 讓某人受封成為圣徒的程序復雜精細而又莊嚴肅穆。 They require an exchange of documents and expertise over many years between theperson s home region and theVatican. 需要主教奔赴候選人的家鄉(xiāng)，調(diào)查相關(guān)文獻，并將資料送到教會，獲得相關(guān)專家的意見。 All sorts of experts may be called in, including doctors, who are asked to comment on thetwo miraculous cures which are a prerequisite for full sainthood. 這一過程將歷時多年。各類專家將會被召集，其中也包括醫(yī)生，他們將會對兩種疑難雜癥的治愈過程進行評價，因為這是完全成為圣徒的首要條件之一。 And a key role is played by an expert, often a Rome-based canon lawyer, known as apostulator, who mediates between the candidate s fan base and theVatican, and helpsprepare a case for sainthood. 另外，專家也將發(fā)揮重要作用。這個專家通常是一個來自于羅馬的寺院律師，被叫做列圣申請官。 To the dismay of Dan Brown fans, the role of devil s advocate, who argued against aprospective sainthood, was abolished in 1983. 他將會在候選人的支持者基地和羅馬教會之間進行調(diào)停，并協(xié)助候選人的受封儀式。令丹布朗的追隨者沮喪的是，扮演與候選圣徒唱反調(diào)的魔鬼辯護人的角色在1983年被取締。 The whole business will come under scrutiny this year, with two recentish popesJohn XXIIIand John Paul IIdue to be proclaimed saints in April. 今年，圣徒冊封儀式將會在準教皇約翰二十三世和約翰保羅二世兩位的仔細審查下進行。 This helps explain why, in a speech to postulators this month, Cardinal Angelo Amato, whooversees the Vatican s sainthood department, disclosed that it had introduced a referencetariffin effect, price regulationfor the costs incurred in promoting a possible saint. 這兩位將會在今年四月正式宣誓上任。這也就是為什么本月掌管羅馬教廷圣徒機構(gòu)的主教安格魯阿瑪托在致列圣申請官的講話中提到的，他們將會針對提名一個圣徒候選人所產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)費用引進一項舉薦關(guān)稅。 這項關(guān)稅實際上是一種價格規(guī)章。 The department will also continue to ensure that candidates from poor countries, whosebackers are less able to pay for elaborate verification services, get a fair hearing. 這個機構(gòu)也會繼續(xù)確保來自貧窮國家的人們有機會成為候選人。這些人們的支持者無力支付詳盡審查服務(wù)的費用或舉行一個公平的聽證會。 Even that policy has its detractors. 但這個政策仍然有反對的聲音。 Bill Briggs, author of a book on canonisation, has argued that the investigation systemintroduced by John Paul II, since it is less adversarial than before, was a marketing coup: itfacilitated a wave of new saints in emerging markets, helping to recruit new souls toCatholicism. 比爾布里格斯寫了一本關(guān)于圣徒冊封儀式的著作。在書中，他駁斥由教皇約翰保羅二世引入的候選人調(diào)查制度是一個營銷詭計，因為該制度不像以往那樣具有反抗意識。它催生了新興市場里一批新圣徒的誕生，為天主教注入了新鮮的血液。 But sainthood is never just a matter of money. 但是成為圣徒?jīng)Q不是只關(guān)乎金錢。 Some see the canonisation of two popesa Polish conservative and an Italian reformerasa way to reconcile traditionalists and radicals. 有人認為兩位教皇的冊封，是傳統(tǒng)主義者和激進分子相互妥協(xié)的一種方式。 And Meaghan O Keefe of the University of California,Davissees the promotion of DorothyDay as a move by male bishops to neutralise the country s left-leaning nuns. 加州大學戴維斯分校的米根歐基夫認為男性主教對多羅西戴的提名，旨在尋求國家重心的平均分配，而不是過度傾向于關(guān)注修道院。 Politics comes into the picture, as well as Mammon. 政治問題以及財富收入也成為成為需要考慮的相關(guān)因素。 詞語解釋 1.turn out 關(guān)燈;結(jié)果是 Businesses could turn out impressivebuzz-monitoring applications. 而公司也可以用它制作出監(jiān)視熱門話題的應(yīng)用。 So makers would be able to turn out new modelsquicker and at lower cost. 這樣汽車制造商可以在更短的時間內(nèi)以較低的成本設(shè)計出新車型。 2.prepare for 為作準備 It is only prudent to prepare for the consequences. 為由此帶來的后果做準備是謹慎之舉。 Now is the time to prepare for the worst. 現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該為最壞的狀況做準備。 3.due to 由于;因為 Much of the shift is due to economic growth. 這種變化的大部分都是由于經(jīng)濟的增長。 Police say it s due to better policing. 警察說這是因為加強了治安。 4.continue to 繼續(xù) One-off projects will continue to attract capital. 一次性的項目會繼續(xù)吸引資本。 U.s. natural-gas producers continue to increase supply. 美國天然氣供應(yīng)商的供給持續(xù)增加。
